MIM316L不锈钢致密化和尺寸精度的研究

在Ar,Ar+H2,N2,N2+H2和低真空5种气氛下对MIM316L不锈钢进行了烧结,讨论了烧结气氛对合金致密化和力学性能的影响;得出烧结气氛的露点显著影响合金的致密化和最终力学性能;烧结气氛中的H2可以脱去合金中的碳来影响致密化和力学性能;尺寸精度受注射、脱脂和烧结工序的影响;在采用溶剂脱脂时,3个工序对尺寸精度的影响由大至小依次为烧结、注射和脱脂.在不同气氛下,3个工序对尺寸精度的影响相对稳定.     

烧结气氛对MIM316L不锈钢微观组织和性能的影响

在Ar、Ar+H2、N2、N2+H2四种气氛下对MIM 316L不锈钢进行了烧结,讨论了烧结气氛对样品C、O、N含量、烧结密度、晶粒形貌和力学性能的影响.结果表明四种气氛烧结下样品C、O、N含量可控制在许可范围内.烧结气氛的露点显著影响着合金的致密化和最终力学性能;N2+H2气氛烧结下样品的抗拉强度和延伸率分别可达到765 MPa和32 %;Ar和Ar+H2气氛烧结下样品致密化程度高(可达理论密度的98 %),孔隙细小、圆滑、分布均匀,晶粒尺寸大约为50μm;样品的力学性能如下极限拉伸强度630 MPa、屈服强度280 MPa、延伸率52 %、硬度HRB 69.5.     

粉末法制备太阳能电池Cu2ZSnS4薄膜吸收层

使用感应熔炼法制备Cu-Zn-Sn合金,并利用单辊甩带制备连续均匀的Cu-Zn-Sn合金薄带.球磨Cu-Zn-Sn合金薄带后和硫粉混合制成粉末前驱体,再将粉末前驱体涂敷在钠钙玻璃基体上在H2 S(g)和N2 S(g)气氛中退火,得到太阳能电池薄膜吸收层用材Cu2ZnSnS4.利用X.射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对Cu-Zn-Sn合金薄带及Cu2ZnSnS4薄膜进行分析和表征,并利用可见光.紫外分光光度计测量Cu2ZnSnS4薄膜的吸收率和透光率.结果表明:使用单辊甩带法可以制备出成分均匀的脆性合金薄带,薄带厚度为6～10 μm.在N2 S(g)气氛下400℃退火后可制成比较纯净的具有锌黄锡矿结构的Cu2ZnSnS4薄膜,其禁带宽度为1.61 eV.     

铜粉激光烧结致密化过程数值模拟

通过建立金属粉末直接激光烧结过程的微观模型,对铜粉激光烧结行为进行数值模拟和实验研究,探索激光烧结致密化特征及烧结工艺、材料物性等对烧结过程和质量的影响.结果表明:激光烧结过程主要经历2个阶段:第一阶段表现为孔隙在金属熔体中的消除(约10-4s),实现快速致密化;第2阶段为熔膜的铺展或收缩引起形貌变化,但熔体中仍残留微孔,致密度基本不变.熔体表面张力、粘性、润湿性和熔膜厚度等因素对致密化进程有不同程度的影响.     

纯钼烧结规律研究

系统研究了在1 000～1 900℃温度范围采用H2气氛中频感应加热烧结纯钼坯过程中不同温度阶段O含量、微观形貌、孔隙、密度、抗弯强度的变化规律。结果表明:随烧结温度提高钼坯O含量逐渐降低,最终降至30mg/kg左右。钼坯密度随温度升高呈增大趋势,致密化的本质是微观形态烧结变化的结果。致密进程可分为4个阶段,各阶段微观晶粒及孔隙作用机制不一致。抗弯强度与致密进程紧密联系但两者随温度变化趋势有所不同。     

烧结气氛对铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料性能的影响

本文分别在N2、H2和N2+H2:混合气三种气氛下,采用热压烧结法制备了合金强化铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料,并观察了微观形貌,测试了物理力学性能和摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:不同烧结气氛下制备的材料的显微组织相似,但抗压强度和摩擦磨损性能有显著区别:H2气氛烧结的材料挤压强度最低,摩擦系数随转速和制动压力的增加波动较大,且磨损严...     

掺钴氧化钌（RuO2/Co3O4）·nH2O复合薄膜电极的制备与表征

以六水合氯化钴(CoCl2.6H2O)和水合三氯化钌(RuCl3.3H2O)为前驱体,采用胶体法制备超级电容器用(RuO2/Co3O4)·nH2O复合薄膜电极材料。用X射线衍射仪以及CHI660C电化学工作站对该复合薄膜的物相结构及电化学性能进行表征。结果表明:当CoCl2·6H2O和RuCl3·3H2O的物质的量比n(Co):n(Ru)为2:1时,于350℃下热处理2.5 h制备的复合薄膜电极具有优良的性能,在浓度为0.5mol/L的H2SO4电解液中其比电容达到512 F/g,500次充放电循环后比电容量保持在充放电循环前的96.1%;充放电电流为0.01A时,内阻为1.2。     

气氛对NiFe2O4陶瓷烧结致密化的影响

采用不同的烧结工艺制备NiFe2O4陶瓷材料,研究了真空、大气、N23种气氛对NiFe2O4陶瓷材料烧结致密化的影响,解决了烧结过程中NiFe2O4陶瓷的离解问题.研究结果表明,在制备NiFe2O4陶瓷过程中,不同的烧结气氛对陶瓷的密度影响较大,采用N2气氛保护烧结工艺所制备的NiFe2O4陶瓷样品的密度较大气气氛烧结所制备出的样品的密度高14.6%～32.6%.无论在何种气氛下烧结,提高烧结温度均有利于提高NiFe2O4样品的烧结密度.     

烧结工艺对NiFe2O4-10NiO双相陶瓷烧结行为及微观结构的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备NiFe2O4-10NiO双相陶瓷,对该陶瓷在不同烧结气氛、不同烧结温度和保温时间等条件下的烧结行为进行研究,探讨烧结气氛、烧结温度和保温时间等对NiFe2O4-10NiO双相陶瓷烧结致密化进程及显微结构演变规律的影响.结果表明:N2气氛下NiFe2O4-10NiO双相陶瓷的致密化速率及晶粒长大速率均...     

常压H2气氛烧结W-TiC合金的致密化行为和性能

采用粉末冶金方法在常压H2气氛下制备W-TiC合金,研究W-TiC合金的烧结致密化行为,并对合金的性能和组织结构进行分析.结果表明:添加微量强化烧结元素可改善W-TiC合金的烧结活性,在1700℃烧结120min后其相对密度达到99.2％;随着烧结温度的升高,W-TiC合金的拉伸强度提高,在2000℃烧结120 min...     

Oxidation Resistance of Fe-13Cr Alloy with Micro-Laminated （ZrO2-Y2O3 ） / （Al2O3-Y2O3 ） Films

Oxidationofmetalsoralloysathightemperatures canbetreatedasaspecialcaseofmetalliccorrosion,inwhichsolidphasesinteracteitherwithaliquid agentoragaseousagent.Toimprovetheresistance againsthigh temperatureoxidationandelectrochemical corrosionofmetals,thesurfa…     

Effect of surface oxide films on the properties of pulse electric-current sintered metal powders

Metallic powders with various thermodynamic stability oxide films (Ag, Cu, and Al powders) were sintered using a pulse electric-current sintering (PECS) process. Behavior of oxide films at powder surfaces and their effect on the sintering properties were investigated. The results showed that the sintering properties of metallic powders in the PECS process were subject to the thermodynamic stability of oxide films at particles surfaces. The oxide films at Ag powder surfaces are decomposed during sintering with the contact region between the particles being metal/metal bond. The oxide films at Cu powder surfaces are mainly broken via loading pressure at a low sintering temperature. At a high sintering temperature, they are mainly dissolved in the parent metal, and the contact regions turn into the direct metal/metal bonding. Excellent sintering properties can be received. The oxide films at Al powder surfaces are very stable, and cannot be decomposed and dissolved, but broken by plastic deformation of particles under loading pressure at experimental temperatures. The interface between particles is partially bonded via the direct metal/metal bonding making it difficult to achieve good sintered properties.     

采用TFA-MOD技术在LaAlO3单晶基片上制备YBa2Cu3O7-x涂层导体

三氟乙酸盐-金属有机沉积技术（TFA-MOD）是制备钇钡铜氧涂层导体的有发展前景的方法之一。采用TFA-MOD技术在铝酸镧单晶基片上制备出YBa2Cu3O7-x涂层导体，并对不同烧结温度下制备的薄膜作了分析比较，找到了较为合适的烧结温度。用X射线衍射进行了物相的定性分析，由YBCO薄膜的（103）φ扫描图谱分析了薄膜的外延生长，用原子力显微镜观察了薄膜表面形貌。结果 表明制备出的YBCO薄膜表面均匀致密、无明显裂纹、有较强的（001）衍射峰。     

超声场作用下薄膜型WO3-TiO2光催化剂制备与性能表征

在超声场作用下采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米WO3-TiO2复合光催化剂。利用薄膜对罗丹明B溶液的光催化降解作用，考察了钨酸铵掺杂量、镀膜层数、烧结温度、烧结时间、基质、pH值、溶解氧及超声波等因素对光催化活性的影响，并与普通溶胶-凝胶法进行了比较。结果表明，在超声场作用下，溶胶的胶凝时间显著缩短，光催化剂颗粒粒径明显减小，催化活性显著提高，当钨酸铵掺杂量为0．5％（质量分数）、多孔钛片为基质、镀膜9层、575℃下烧结1h得到的WO3-TiO2薄膜的光催化活性最高。该温度下制备的WO3-TiO2薄膜几乎均为金红石型TiO2。     

Sinterability of titanium powder

Conclusions The sintering process of compacts from dispersed titanium powders (as well as from metal powders with easily reducible oxides) is accomplished in two stages — a nonsteady stage with a high densification rate and a steady stage, whose rate is determined by volume diffusion. The low values of energy of activation for densification in the first stage of sintering may be linked with the dissolution of oxides in the outer layers of powder particles, which increases their surface defectiveness, or with the propagation of flow by the mechanism of activated slip of dislocations.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 2 (86), pp. 27–31, February, 1970.     

CIS薄膜太阳能电池吸收层用高纯CuInSe2块体材料的制备

以Cu,In,Se为原料制备了高纯CuInSe2块体材料.分别采用熔盐净化-电解-区域熔炼工艺和真空蒸馏-区域熔炼联合工艺对原料In,Se进行提纯,可获得纯度99.9999%In和99.9995%Se.采用多室真空梯度合成工艺,制备出纯度大于99.999%的CuSe、In2Se3中间化合物.将其破碎混匀后压制烧结,合成出的块体材料成分均匀、纯度大于99.999%.XRD分析表明,块体相结构为CuInSe2相.     

两步机械球磨法制备M/TiO2复合薄膜及光催化性能研究

采用两步机械球磨法制备了M/TiO₂（M = Al、Sn、Zn、Ti）双层复合薄膜,利用光学显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析了涂层的微观结构和相组成,测定了薄膜的光催化性能,研究了过渡层材质以及球磨时间对复合薄膜光催化性能的影响。研究表明,TiO₂粉体在球磨过程中的晶体结构未发生显著变化,保持了良好的光催化活性。金属过渡层Al、Sn以及Zn将显著削弱复合薄膜的光催化活性,Ti是复合薄膜的理想金属过渡层,制备的Ti/TiO₂复合薄膜具有优异的光催化性能。随着第二步球磨时间的延长,Ti/TiO₂复合薄膜的光催化性能逐渐降低,这是由于第二层薄膜表面TiO₂含量降低的原因所致。     

Analysis of Vanadium-Bearing Titanomagnetite Sintering Process by Dissection of Sintering Bed

 Many problems appear in the sintering process of vanadium bearing titanomagnetite, such as high energy consumption and low productivity; sinter quality is also very poor for its low tumble strength and high reduction degradation. Sinter productivity and quality are dominated by bed permeability and mineralogy structure, which are highly influenced by the thermal state of sintering bed, so the sintering process of titanomagnetite is researched by bed dissection in this work. Temperature evolution curves of sinter materials were measured, and the results show that melting duration, peak temperature duration and sintering temperature of different layers differ greatly from each other; flame front speed and vertical sintering speed of bed lower region are much smaller than those of bed upper region. Simultaneously, sinter samples were collected from different layers, and their mineralogy characteristics are analyzed; sinters from bed lower region have poor mineralogy structure, and the amounts of perovskite and dicalcium silicate increase intensively, which are bad for sinter strength and reduction degradation property. Measures are proposed to improve the quality and productivity of titanomagnetite sinter.     

La~(3+) -doped SrBi_2Ta_2O_9 thin films for FRAM synthesized by sol-gel method

This paper discusses the possibility of synthesis of SBTL sol-gel films for use as active layers for non-volatile memory(FRAM). La-doped SrBi2Ta2O9 thin films were synthesized by sol-gel method on Pt/TiO2/BPSG/SiO2/Si substrates. The structural features of the surface(AFM), crystallization behavior(XRD) during the heating and ferroelectric properties of synthesized films were discussed. It was shown that an optimum surface structure and a high share of perovskite phase of SBTL-films were compared to SBT-films(Theating=800 oC). Achieved ferroelectric parameters suggested the possibility of using synthesized SBTL sol-gel films in non-volatile memory devices.     

镀钨碳纳米管增强铜基复合材料的制备及性能

采用羰基热分解法对多壁碳纳米管表面进行镀钨处理,并以镀钨碳纳米管和电解铜粉为原料,进行机械球磨混粉和放电等离子体烧结,制备了镀钨碳纳米管/铜基复合材料.采用场发射扫描电镜观察了粉体和复合材料的组织形貌,并对复合材料物相进行了X射线衍射分析.探讨了镀钨碳纳米管含量和放电等离子体烧结温度对复合材料致密度、抗拉强度、延伸率和电导率的影响.结果表明,镀钨碳纳米管质量分数为1%和烧结温度为850℃时,复合材料的致密度、抗拉强度和电导率最高.与烧结纯铜相比,复合材料的抗拉强度提高了103.6%,电导率仅降低15.9%.