首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
We focus on unique phenomena known as particle accumulation structure (PAS), especially on the conditions of the existence for second-type spiral loop PAS (SL-2 PAS) and on their formation processes under normal gravity. We investigate the existence conditions as functions the aspect ratio of the liquid bridge and the Marangoni number, the intensity of the thermocapillary effect. We discuss the differences among SL-1 PAS, SL-2 PAS and the flow field without PAS through observation of the solid-like structures of the PAS in a rotating frame of reference with the hydrothermal wave, and through monitoring of the surface temperature by infrared camera. We evaluate the formation time of PAS by employing a modified accumulation measure by considering the effect of the particles’ size.  相似文献   

2.
An in-house developed code has been used to predict soot formation in a methane air co flow diffusion flame at normal gravity and at lower gravity levels of 0.5 G, and 0.0001 G (microgravity). There is an augmentation of soot formation at lower gravity levels because of lower buoyancy induced acceleration leading to an increased residence time. The peak temperature at microgravity is reduced by about 50 K than that at normal gravity level. The axial velocity under normal gravity and reduced gravity show negative values (relatively small in magnitude) near the wall at axial height beyond 15 cm; but axial velocity is never negative in microgravity condition. Peak value of soot volume fraction at 0.5 G and microgravity multiplies by a factor of ~3 and ~7, respectively of that at normal gravity. The zone of peak soot volume fraction shifts away from the axis towards the wings, as gravity level is lowered. In comparison to soot volume fraction, the factors of amplification of soot number density at reduced gravity and at microgravity are comparatively lower at 1.2 and 1.5 of that at normal gravity respectively. On the other hand, mean soot particle sizes at reduced gravity and microgravity increase to 1.5 and 2 times of that at normal gravity respectively.  相似文献   

3.
The motion of small suspended particles in the two- dimensional stationary vortex flow arising in the half-zone model of crystal growth is investigated. The particle dynamics is modeled by a modified Maxey-Riley equation assuming one-way coupling. The calculations for gravity as well as microgravity conditions are performed for configurations similar to the one used in the experiments. The computed trajectories and their analysis shed some light on the formation mechanism of the particle accumulation structures (PAS) which have been observed in half-zone experiments.  相似文献   

4.
A numerical method for the simulation of two-phase flows under microgravity conditions is presented in this paper. The level set method is combined with the moving mesh method in a collocated grid to capture the moving interfaces of the two-phase flow, and a SIMPLER-based method is employed to numerically solve the complete incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, and the surface tension force is modeled by a continuum surface force approximation. Based on the numerical results, the coalescence process of two bubbles under microgravity conditions (10???2×g) is compared to that under normal gravity, and the effect of gravities on the bubbles coalescence dynamics is analyzed. It is showed that the velocity fields inside and around the bubbles under different gravity conditions are quite similar, but the strength of vortices behind the bubbles in the normal gravity is much stronger than that under microgravity conditions. It is also found that under microgravity conditions, the time for two bubbles coalescence is much longer, and the deformation of bubbles is much less, than that under the normal gravity.  相似文献   

5.
A physical model of interfacial waves in annular two-phase flow was studied in both microgravity and normal gravity. The wave structure was obtained for local film thickness and velocity measurements using a conductance probe technique. It was found that the wave height, and not its width, is strongly affected by changing the gravity level. In fact, the wave height in normal gravity is more than twice that in microgravity. Using an analogous approach to a turbulent, single-phase flow in a rough tube, a preliminary mathematical model was proposed to calculate the wave amplitude. The model fits well with the experimental data and shows that the wave height in normal gravity is approximately 1.7 times the combined thickness of the viscous sublayer and transition zones in the turbulent gas stream. The wave height in microgravity was estimated to be approximately 80% of the total thickness.  相似文献   

6.
Results for the interfacial friction factor and relative interfacial roughness on the gas-liquid interface are reported for an air-water annular flow in a small inner diameter tube (9.53 mm i.d.). The film structure was obtained through processing the time trace signal of film thickness measurements using conductance probes. The interfacial friction factor and the wave height were altered through changing the gravity level and gas Reynolds number. It was found that the wave height decreased with increasing the gas Reynolds number. The wave height in microgravity is less than half of that in normal gravity, while the friction factor was about 10% smaller in microgravity than that in normal gravity. It was shown that the annular two-phase flow friction factor decreased less dramatically as the relative interfacial roughness decreased compared to the single-phase case. It is interesting to note that the interfacial shear stress values at microgravity were very close (or even larger than) those at normal gravity. This was attributed to the thicker substrate at microgravity.  相似文献   

7.
The flow boiling heat transfer characteristics of subcooled air-dissolved FC-72 on a smooth surface (chip S) were studied in microgravity by utilizing the drop tower facility in Beijing. The heater, with dimensions of 40 × 10 × 0.5 mm3 (length × width × thickness), was combined with two silicon chips with the dimensions of 20 × 10 × 0.5 mm3. High-speed visualization was used to supplement observation in the heat transfer and vapor-liquid two-phase flow characteristics. In the low and moderate heat fluxes region, the flow boiling of chip S at inlet velocity V =?0.5 m/s shows almost the same regulations as that in pool boiling. All the wall temperatures at different positions along the heater in microgravity are slightly lower than that in normal gravity, which indicates slight heat transfer enhancement. However, in the high heat flux region, the pool boiling of chip S shows much evident deterioration of heat transfer compared with that of flow boiling in microgravity. Moreover, the bubbles of flow boiling in microgravity become larger than that in normal gravity due to the lack of buoyancy Although the difference of the void fraction in x-y plain becomes larger with increasing heat flux under different gravity levels, it shows nearly no effect on heat transfer performance except for critical heat flux (CHF). Once the void fraction in y-z plain at the end of the heater equals 1, the vapor blanket will be formed quickly and transmit from downstream to upstream along the heater, and CHF occurs. Thus, the height of channel is an important parameter to determine CHF in microgravity at a fixed velocity. The flow boiling of chip S at inlet velocity V =?0.5 m/s shows higher CHF than that of pool boiling because of the inertia force, and the CHF under microgravity is about 78–92% of that in normal gravity.  相似文献   

8.
肖学山  董远达 《功能材料》1999,30(6):595-597
在聚合物合成过程呼聚合物凝固过程中,聚合物分子量和聚合物颗粒尺寸的大小,分布和聚合物聚集态结构强烈依赖于重力,本文分增力,减重力和微重力三部分阐述了近年来重力对聚合物形成影响研究概况,重点介绍了微重力下聚合物一些研究成果,并指出了今后的发展方向。  相似文献   

9.
A visual observation of liquid–gas two-phase flow in anode channels of a direct methanol proton exchange membrane fuel cells in microgravity has been carried out in a drop tower. The anode flow bed consisted of 2 manifolds and 11 parallel straight channels. The length, width and depth of single channel with rectangular cross section was 48.0 mm, 2.5 mm and 2.0 mm, respectively. The experimental results indicated that the size of bubbles in microgravity condition is bigger than that in normal gravity. The longer the time, the bigger the bubbles. The velocity of bubbles rising is slower than that in normal gravity because buoyancy lift is very weak in microgravity. The flow pattern in anode channels could change from bubbly flow in normal gravity to slug flow in microgravity. The gas slugs blocked supply of reactants from channels to anode catalyst layer through gas diffusion layer. When the weakened mass transfer causes concentration polarization, the output performance of fuel cells declines.  相似文献   

10.
重力对聚合物形成的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在聚合物合成过程和聚合物凝固过程中,聚合物分子量和聚合物颗粒尺寸的大小,分布和聚合物聚集态结构强烈依赖于重力,文中分增重力,减重力和微重力3部分了近年来重力对聚合物形成影响研究概况,重点介绍了微重力下聚合物的一些研究成果,并指出今后的发展方向。  相似文献   

11.
Experiments on heating titanium wire specimens 0.5 mm in diameter by electric current in 0.5 absolute atmospheric pressure (0.5 kg/cm2) of a pure nitrogen gas environment under normal gravity (g = 9.8 m/s2 = 1 G) and microgravity (g = G) using a drop shaft that enables 10 s of a microgravitational condition were carried out to investigate fundamentally the influence of microgravity on the reaction between Ti and nitrogen gas. The influence of gravitational acceleration on the morphological changes in optical microscopic microstructures of the specimens was studied. Under normal gravity, the thickness of the TiN layer resulting from the reaction of Ti and nitrogen gas at the outermost surface of the specimen increased with the heating time, but the tendency for the increase was reduced. A Widmanstätten structure, which is made by rapid heating and cooling of the specimen, was observed. However, the typical characteristics of the Widmanstätten structure vanished as the heating time proceeded. The progress of the nitriding reaction of the specimen was reduced, because heating by the electrical current and cooling by the convection of nitrogen gas balance each other out, and the temperature of the specimen became constant. Under microgravity, on the other hand, the thickness of the TiN layer of the outermost surface of the specimen increased with the heating time and was always thicker than that under normal gravity. The influence of microgravity, which suppresses the cooling effect of the thermal convection of nitrogen gas, on the nitriding reaction between titanium and nitrogen gas was significant. A dendritic structure caused by electrical heating was observed. Since the combustion synthesis of TiN was initiated at an elevated temperature after a certain heating time, huge dendritic structures were observed. The TiN tube was made on a final stage by leaching the titanium from the specimen. The influence of microgravity on the microstructure of the specimens that underwent nitriding was notable. Various results of the present study are explained by gravitational acceleration effects. The nitriding reaction became active by a temperature increase in the specimens with heating time due to the suppression of thermal convection and the cooling effect of the nitrogen gas on the specimens was reduced.  相似文献   

12.
The complex macroscopic rheological behavior of granular flow contains elements of both solid and liquid flow. Furthermore, under microgravity, granular flow exhibits novel flow features. To overcome a lack of comprehensive analyses of granular flow under microgravity, this study reviews the microgravity platforms and devices under which granular flow can be observed, the experimental findings made in such settings, and the range of numerical simulations that can be used to examine granular flow under microgravity. Differences in experimental research between normal gravity and microgravity are highlighted. These differences are found in the modifications made to conventional granular flow experimental devices, in new or unique granular flow behaviors, and in the numerical simulation methods needed for microgravity modeling. Additionally, the benefits of numerical simulation methods for examining rapid and dense flows under microgravity are also discussed. This study may have wide-ranging implications in such fields as investigations of the surface geology of asteroids or the efficient design and development of anchoring mechanisms or space vehicles.  相似文献   

13.
An Euler–Euler two-fluid model based on the second-order-moment closure approach and the granular kinetic theory of dense gas-particle flows was presented. Anisotropy of gas-solid two-phase stress and the interaction between two-phase stresses are fully considered by two-phase Reynolds stress model and the transport equation of two-phase stress correlation. Under the microgravity space environments, hydrodynamic characters and particle dispersion behaviors of dense gas-particle turbulence flows are numerically simulated. Simulation results of particle concentration and particle velocity are in good agreement with measurement data under earth gravity environment. Decreased gravity can decrease the particle dispersion and can weaken the particle–particle collision as well as it is in favor of producing isotropic flow structures. Moreover, axial–axial fluctuation velocity correlation of gas and particle in earth gravity is approximately 3.0 times greater than those of microgravity and it is smaller than axial particle velocity fluctuation due to larger particle inertia and the larger particle turbulence diffusions.  相似文献   

14.
为了分析水平井完井管柱的振动机理,研究不同气体产量对完井管柱振动的影响,开展了不同气体产量下完井管柱振动试验研究。应用应变片测试技术采集不同气体产量下完井管柱在水平和重力两个方向的振动应变数据,采用模态分析法处理试验数据,得出管柱振动响应。结果表明:在气井开启初期,由于水锤效应,管柱容易产生较大振动,随着进气量的稳定,管柱振动逐渐减弱;完井管柱弯曲段流速不均匀,其振动较大;由于作用于管柱水平方向和重力方向的力不同,管柱水平方向的振动比重力方向的振动剧烈;完井管柱的振动位移、振动频率和位移标准差均随着气体产量的增大而增大,但在试验工况下,其在不同产量下的模态阶次相同。因此,适当减少气井开关次数、减小造斜处的井斜角以及气体产量有利于减小完井管柱与套管之间的碰撞和磨损,增强管柱的安全性。研究结果可为生产实际中减弱完井管柱的振动提供参考。  相似文献   

15.
Silicalite-1 zeolite was synthesized from clear solutions prepared from tetraethylorthosilicate, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide and water. Crystallization was performed in a unit composing 30 miniautoclaves programmed to heat to 145 or 155°C and to quench sequentially. The synthesis under microgravity condition was conducted aboard the MAXUS 4 sounding rocket. A reference experiment under normal gravity was executed using the same temperature and time profiles. The evolution of the particle size populations was determined using X-ray scattering. The microgravity condition significantly slowed aggregation but did not change the overall aggregation mechanism. Surprisingly, aggregation of the smallest entities, expected to be the least influenced by absence of convection, were most retarded under microgravity conditions. A considerable fraction of the original nanoslabs persisted even at the end of crystallization. An explanation for this unusual microgravity effect was found in the observation of strong physical interaction between groups of individual particles.  相似文献   

16.
在深水测试作业中,隔水管和测试管柱形成双层管柱结构,其在海流作用下发生耦合振动,存在安全隐患.为了研究海流流速对隔水管-测试管柱系统振动的影响,搭建了隔水管-测试管柱系统涡激振动的相似实验装置,开展在不同流速下隔水管-测试管柱系统涡激振动实验.实验中用应变片采集数据,用模态分析法处理实验数据,分析隔水管和测试管柱在横向...  相似文献   

17.
Electrically heated cylindrical wires are used in research and industry for fluid velocity and turbulence measurements. At very low free-stream velocities (u≤0.1 m/s), hot-wire measurements are significantly influenced by buoyant convection. Below a certain Reynolds number Re* this effect degrades the accuracy of the measurements. To assess the contribution of free-convection heat transfer to the heat balance of hot-wires in cross flow, measurements under normal gravity and microgravity (µg) conditions are compared keeping all other parameters constant. Under gravity conditions, the acceleration of gravity, the hot-wire axis and the direction of the free stream are all perpendicular to each other. The microgravity experiments were carried out in the Drop-Tower Bremen in which the residual acceleration is less than 10?5 g during a period of 4.7 s. The present investigation is concerned with a velocity range of 0≤u≤0.35 m/s corresponding to a Reynolds number range Re<0.1 in standard air. This range includes pure free convection for Re→0 and forced-convection-dominated heat transfer for Re=0.1. At intermediate Reynolds numbers both transport mechanisms must be considered.  相似文献   

18.
A methane air co flow diffusion flame has been numerically simulated with the help of an in-house developed code at normal gravity, 0.5 G, and 0.0001 G (microgravity) for the study of transient behavior of the flame in terms of flame shape, temperature profile and velocity (streamlines). The study indicates that lower is the gravity level, the higher is the time of early transience. The flame developments during transience are marked by the formation of a secondary flamelet at different heights above the primary flame at all gravity levels. The development of temperature profile at microgravity takes a much longer time to stabilize than the flame development. At normal gravity and 0.5 G gravity level, streamlines, during transience, show intermediate vortices which are finally replaced by recirculation of ambient air from the exit plane. At microgravity, neither any vortex nor any recirculation at any stage is observed. Centerline temperature plots, at all gravity levels during transience, demonstrate a secondary peak at some instants as a consequence of the secondary flamelet formation. The centerline velocity at microgravity decreases gradually during transience, unlike at other two gravity levels where the fall is very sharp and is indicative of negligible buoyancy at microgravity.  相似文献   

19.
A numerical model developed for the prediction of the piloted ignition delay of solid polymeric materials exposed to an external radiant heat flux is used to predict the ignition delay and critical heat flux for ignition of solid fuels in microgravity at low velocity flows. The model considers the coupled thermochemical processes that take place in the condensed phase, including oxidative and thermal pyrolysis, phase change, radiation absorption, and heat and mass transfer in a multi-phase and multi-composition medium. Ignition is considered to occur when a critical pyrolysate mass flow rate is reached at the sample surface. Microgravity experimental surface temperature and ignition delay data previously obtained in a KC-135 aircraft are used to infer, in conjunction with the theoretical analysis, the critical mass flow rate for ignition. This value is then used to predict the ignition delay as a function of the external radiant heat flux, and the critical heat flux for ignition. Calculations are made for Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and a Polypropylene/Fiberglass composite at airflows of 0.09 and 0.15 m/s under microgravity conditions and at 1.0, 1.75 and 2.5 m/s under normal gravity. The experiments and theoretical predictions show that the ignition delay and critical heat flux for ignition decrease as the forced airflow velocity decreases. It is predicted that at the tested lower velocities, the critical heat flux for ignition is close to half the value measured in normal gravity. The results have important implications since they indicate that materials could ignite easier under the conditions expected in spacecraft, and consequently stricter design specifications may be needed for fire safety.  相似文献   

20.
Accumulation of solid particles suspended in unsteady convective flows is under theoretical investigation. The principal goal is to understand and interpret recent experiments by D. Schwabe [1,2]. Providing that volume particle concentration, nonisothermality, and relative size of particle are small, an effective single-fluid theoretical model is developed. The peculiarity of the obtained model is taking into account the distinction between fluid and particle inertia. This model is further applied to study particle accumulation in different flow setups: in a model oscillatory flow in a canal heated from below and subjected to the modulated gravity and in the Marangoni flow in a half-zone under microgravity conditions. These problems are investigated numerically by means of finite difference technique. We demonstrate, that the developed theoretical model properly describes generic features of particle accumulation in unsteady flows. Particularly, heavy particles tend to leave the centers of vortices, where the flow vorticity is maximal, and accumulate at their periphery. From numerical simulations in a floating zone, we try to clarify particle dynamics in Schwabe’s setup.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号