External failure pressure of a frangible laminated composite canister cover

The static failure strength of a frangible laminated composite canister cover subjected to uniform external pressure is studied via both theoretical and experimental approaches. The frangible canister cover, which is fabricated with four plate-like laminated composite parts, which is designed in such a way that it will fail in a predetermined pattern when subjected to an impulsive internal pressure and its external failure pressure is much higher than its internal failure pressure. The stress distribution in the canister cover is determined using the finite element method and the failure of the cover identified on the basis of an appropriate failure criterion. A number of laminated composite canister covers were fabricated and subjected to static external pressure testing. The failure modes of the frangible covers are studied and the experimental results are used to verify the theoretical predictions. Close agreements between the experimental and theoretical results have been observed. The present study shows that the design of frangible covers with external failure pressure much higher than the internal failure pressure can be achieved.     

环氧泡沫塑料易碎盖结构优化设计

目的易碎盖研制的关键在于结构及预制应力刻槽优化设计,解决易碎盖既满足强度要求、又达到理想破碎效果的技术难题。方法针对某型号贮运发射箱易碎盖技术要求开展结构设计,通过设置弱化槽并配合泡沫材料的拉压不对称性实现其正反2个方向的承压要求,通过改变弱化槽深度进行等强度槽设计,实现多碎片同步破坏与碎片数量控制。结果样件经静压、燃气动压冲盖实验,承压及破碎性能满足指标要求,盖体边缘弹翼滑过处没有残余物,齐根断情况良好,盖体碎块较小。表明易碎盖结构设计合理,性能满足要求。结论建立的方法和研究结果为易碎盖的设计应用提供了参考依据。     

软硬不均地层盾构姿态控制及管片防裂损技术

广州地铁二号线越—三盾构区间的地层软硬不均，加之曲线多、坡度变化大，盾构掘进技术难度大，掘进方向与盾构姿态的控制困难，防止管片开裂和局部破损以及错台具有一定的难度。为了有效地控制掘进方向和盾构姿态，研究了盾构掘进方向发生偏差的原因，并对越—三区间盾构掘进的偏差实测数据进行具体分析，得出了偏差的原因和规律；研究了盾构掘进姿态的控制方法。为了防止盾构管片的裂损，采用数值模拟方法研究管片裂损的规律及其主要因素，提出了有效控制管片裂损的主要方法。     

Modeling complex crack problems using the numerical manifold method

In the numerical manifold method, there are two kinds of covers, namely mathematical cover and physical cover. Mathematical covers are independent of the physical domain of the problem, over which weight functions are defined. Physical covers are the intersection of the mathematical covers and the physical domain, over which cover functions with unknowns to be determined are defined. With these two kinds of covers, the method is quite suitable for modeling discontinuous problems. In this paper, complex crack problems such as multiple branched and intersecting cracks are studied to exhibit the advantageous features of the numerical manifold method. Complex displacement discontinuities across crack surfaces are modeled by different cover functions in a natural and straightforward manner. For the crack tip singularity, the asymptotic near tip field is incorporated to the cover function of the singular physical cover. By virtue of the domain form of the interaction integral, the mixed mode stress intensity factors are evaluated for three typical examples. The excellent results show that the numerical manifold method is prominent in modeling the complex crack problems.     

拦截导弹热保护罩分离对红外窗口影响研究

高层防空拦截弹热保护罩的分离对红外窗口产生了巨大影响,该文采用可压雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程、多块嵌套结构动网格技术和有限体积法模拟了热保护罩分离。采用FDS-ROE格式对Navier-Stokes方程进行离散,并通过LUSGS方法构造了二阶隐式的双时间推进格式。从而给出了分离过程中,由于激波干扰引起的红外...     

带口盖加筋复合材料壁板剪切性能

采用试验和有限元方法研究了带口盖加筋复合材料壁板的剪切性能。在带口盖加筋复合材料壁板有限元模型的基础上, 去掉口盖, 对不带口盖的大开口加筋复合材料壁板进行了有限元模拟分析, 以此研究口盖对带口盖加筋复合材料壁板的影响。试验和数值计算结果表明: 当达到屈曲载荷时, 带口盖加筋复合材料壁板各个区域同步发生屈曲, 最终破坏位置位于加强筋条以外的复合材料壁板区域; 去掉口盖后, 结构的刚度以及承载能力降低, 结构的应力集中点以及损伤起始位置均发生变化, 破坏时失稳形式无明显变化, 均为局部失稳。      

钻爆法施工中单孔爆破的精细化数值模拟

针对钻爆法施工中常见的炮孔装药结构和围岩条件,建立相应的数值模型,对单孔爆破进行流固耦合的精细化数值模拟。以轴向不耦合系数K_L=1.64的炮孔为例,设其粉碎区和破裂区的形成时间约为100μs和500μs,半径分别为炮孔半径的3.9倍和35倍。当炮孔有效半径(近似粉碎区与破裂区交界处)上径向压力时程的峰值达到296 MPa时,沿着径向呈指数型衰减,其衰减系数α约为-0.87。进一步地,对其余4种不同轴向不耦合系数的炮孔,也展开类似的精细化数值模拟。认为有效半径R_(eq)上的径向压力峰值p_(eq)随不耦合系数K_L的增大呈指数型衰减,并提出了相应的半理论半经验公式。研究结果为进一步确定等效爆破荷载提供了重要依据。     

三维编织复合材料与金属胶接结构的力学性能及优化

通过试验和理论研究了三维编织纤维增强树脂基复合材料（FRP）与钢板的单搭粘结性能。建立了三维编织复合材料和钢板的单搭粘结有限元模型,并基于内聚区模型和Hashin破坏准则来模拟胶接层及三维编织复合材料的破坏,分别从极限载荷、破坏位移和破坏模式三方面将计算结果与试验结果进行对比,验证了有限元模型的有效性。在此模型基础上,研究了胶层厚度、粘结长度对单搭粘结极限载荷和破坏位移的影响,并提出针对不同工况下的优化方案选择的建议。最后建立了一种新型连接结构,相比较于原有单搭接连接方式,其拉伸强度和弯曲强度均有了较大提升。     

爆炸冲击下水底隧道的动态响应及毁伤模式研究

考虑炸药起爆、冲击波传播、冲击波与结构的相互作用以及结构的动态响应等复杂过程,基于Lagrange-Euler耦合算法,建立了水底隧道水下爆炸的全耦合数值仿真模型。通过与爆炸试验结果进行对比,验证了数值模型的可靠性;研究了水下爆炸冲击荷载作用下的水底隧道的毁伤破坏过程、空间分布规律及破坏模式。结果表明:水底隧道的破坏模式不仅与隧道自身的动力特性有关,还取决于起爆距离及炸药当量等;隧道的破坏模式为局部冲切或剥落破坏、弯曲破坏伴随着局部剥落破坏以及整体弯曲破坏。     

爆炸冲击下水底隧道的动态响应及毁伤模式研究

考虑炸药起爆、冲击波传播、冲击波与结构的相互作用以及结构的动态响应等复杂过程,基于Lagrange-Euler耦合算法,建立了水底隧道水下爆炸的全耦合数值仿真模型。通过与爆炸试验结果进行对比,验证了数值模型的可靠性;研究了水下爆炸冲击荷载作用下的水底隧道的毁伤破坏过程、空间分布规律及破坏模式。结果表明:水底隧道的破坏模式不仅与隧道自身的动力特性有关,还取决于起爆距离及炸药当量等;隧道的破坏模式为局部冲切或剥落破坏、弯曲破坏伴随着局部剥落破坏以及整体弯曲破坏。