不同发酵基质的酸面团对酵母面团体系面包烘焙及老化特性的影响

用发酵小麦粉制成酸面团,用发酵小麦麸皮基质制成酸面团,通过采用不同发酵基质酸面团来分析对酵母面团体系面包烘焙及老化特性产生的影响。结果表明:与小麦粉制作面包相比,引入小麦酸面团以及小麦麸皮酸面团对面包比容与感官品质有很大提升,能够改变面包的老化特性,并且,酸面团添加量的不同,其比容、感官、老化特性也有所不同。     

乳酸菌发酵麸皮酸面团对高纤维面包面团流变发酵学及烘焙特性的影响

运用植物乳杆菌发酵大麦麸皮和小麦麸皮,研究了麸皮酸面团发酵时间和添加量对面包面团pH、总酸度值(TTA值)、面团流变发酵特性和面包品质的影响.结果表明,向面团中添加10％ ～30％未发酵(发酵时间为0h)的大麦或者小麦麸皮酸面团,随添加量增加,面包面团的pH和TTA值均有所增加;随着发酵时间的延长和添加量的增加,面包面团pH逐渐降低,TTA值逐渐增加.适当发酵时间(8或16h)和添加量(20％)的麸皮酸面团对面包面团发酵流变学特性有一定的改善作用,发酵8h的大麦麸皮酸面团和发酵16h的小麦麸皮酸面团,当添加量为20％时,与空白组的面团最大膨胀高度(Hm)、气体泄漏时间(Tx)和保留系数(R)最相近.当酸面团发酵时间过长(24h)或添加量过多(30％)时,Hm、Tx和R值均降低.随未发酵麸皮酸面团添加量增加,面包比容减小,硬度增大,面包芯结构变得松散不致密,气孔增大.不论大麦麸皮酸面团还是小麦麸皮酸面团,当其发酵时间为8～16h,添加量为20％时,所制得的面包比容较大,硬度较小,气孔稠密度(CD)和气孔表面积分率(AF)均较大,感官评分高,最接近空白组.     

产右旋糖苷酸面团对大麦粉添加面包品质的影响研究

研究大麦粉(5%、10%、15%、20%)对直接发酵、酸面团、右旋糖苷酸面团面包品质的影响,评估了酸面团对大麦面包(51%大麦粉)品质的改善效果。大麦粉使直接发酵面包的比容分别减小了8.0%、16.6%、32.1%、35.6%,硬度增大了138.8%、152.9%、168.7%、176.6%,储藏后老化率在高添加量下(15%、20%)明显提高;酸面团促使体积上升、硬度下降,水分损失率和老化率减小;而右旋糖苷的存在使酸面团面包烘焙当天的含水量升高,水分损失率、老化率降低;与未添加大麦粉的直接发酵面包相比,酸面团大麦面包的体积小、硬度大、感官评分较低,但在延缓老化上具有优势,而右旋糖苷提高了其柔软性、感官品质。因此,右旋糖苷酸面团能够有效改良大麦添加面包、大麦面包品质。     

乳酸菌发酵酸面团对青麦仁面包品质的影响

为研究乳酸菌发酵酸面团对青麦仁面包品质的影响,利用植物乳杆菌发酵制作酸面团,添加到青麦仁面包中,并测定小麦面包、青麦仁面包、青麦仁酸面团面包3种样品的质构、感官评价、慢消化性淀粉含量(SDS)、挥发性风味物质等.结果表明:添加酸面团能显著降低样品的硬度、咀嚼性,增大弹性(P＜0.05);添加酸面团的样品其感官评分接近于...     

紫苏叶超微粉对面团特性及面包品质的影响

将紫苏叶超微粉加入到面团中,测定面团的粉质特性、拉伸特性以及发酵特性;用添加紫苏叶超微粉的面团制作面包,并对其比容、保水性、老化度及面包感官品质进行分析。结果表明:当紫苏叶超微粉添加量小于6%时,面团的粉质特性和拉伸特性变化不明显,发酵体积增大,获得的面包保水性高、老化度低、比体积大,且感官品质较好;当紫苏叶超微粉添加量为6%~8%时,面团的粉质特性、拉伸特性及发酵特性均呈现下降趋势。     

海藻酸钠对面团特性及面包品质的影响

考察了海藻酸钠添加量对混合粉粉质特性、拉伸特性、糊化特性,以及对面包比容、含水量、硬度、弹性、感官品质的影响。结果表明,添加海藻酸钠可有效改善小麦粉面团的粉质特性、拉伸特性及糊化特性,提高面包的含水量,适量添加可有效提高面包比容、面包弹性及面包感官品质,降低面包硬度。综合分析添加海藻酸钠对混合粉粉质、拉伸和糊化特性以及对面包焙烤品质的影响,确定海藻酸钠最佳添加量为0.6%,为其在焙烤食品中的应用提供了理论依据。     

无果枸杞叶粉对小麦面团流变特性及面包品质的影响

将枸杞叶粉添加到面包专用小麦粉中,研究了添加量分别为0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0% 2.5%和3%的枸杞叶粉对小麦面团流变特性、动态粘弹性、面包比容、质构、老化速度、感官品质、面包皮和芯中酚类物质含量及抗氧化能力的影响,以期为功能型面包的研制提供理论依据和实践指导。结果表明,添加枸杞叶粉可使小麦面粉的吸水率从51.60%降低到47.20%,面团的储能模量和弹性模量随着枸杞叶粉添加量增加显著（P<0.05）增大;当添加量不超过1.0%时,枸杞叶粉对面包的比容、弹性、硬度、咀嚼性和老化速度没有显著（P>0.05）影响; 感官评价综合得分在枸杞叶粉添加量为1.0%时达到最高值89.66分; 枸杞叶粉的加入明显提高了面包皮和芯中总酚的含量,增强了面包DPPH和ABTS自由基清除能力。因此,无果枸杞叶粉可用于功能型面包的制作。     

小麦粉水溶物对面团和面制品的影响

将小麦粉与蒸馏水按1:10的比例混合,震荡,静置,离心,取出上清液,即为小麦粉水溶物。将水溶物与水按照7%、13%、20%、27%的比例混合后加入小麦粉制作面团,并制成馒头和面包,通过测定面团的各项流变学特性指标,以及制品的比容、色度、质构及感官评价等指标来研究小麦粉水溶物对面团和面制品品质的影响。结果表明,添加水溶物后的小麦粉不利于馒头的品质,但是在小麦粉中添加水溶物后,随着水溶物比例的增大,高筋粉面团的吸水率均逐渐增大;但是水溶物添加13%时面团指标与未添加水溶物时数值相近,粉质质量较好,馒头体积和比容较大,口感柔软不粘牙;对于高筋粉而言,添加水溶物对面包的品质具有良好影响,添加13%水溶物制作的面包体积较大,外观较好,面包芯致密有弹性,具有一定的香味,各项指标最好。     

大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂对面团流变学和面包感官品质的影响

目的 探究大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂对面团流变学和面包感官品质的影响。方法 以小麦面包为对象,面团动态流变性及面包比容、色泽和质构为评价指标,分析不同大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂添加量（0%、0.2%、0.6和1.0%）对面包外观、感官品质和质构的影响,将添加大豆磷脂（0.6%）的面团和面包作为对照组。结果 随着提高大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂的添加量,面包的硬度、咀嚼性持续增大,弹性、粘聚性逐渐降低。 当鱼卵磷脂添加量为0.2%时,能够显著改善面包的质构,而且能够增大面包的比容,生产出的磷脂-小麦面包口感较好,入口软糯。与普通小麦面包相比,其面包蓬松稳定,具有较好黏弹性。结论 添加大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂比大豆磷脂更能显著改善面包感官品质。     

不同脱乙酰度魔芋葡甘露聚糖对面团特性和面包品质的影响

为探究脱乙酰魔芋葡甘露聚糖(deacetylated konjac glucomannan, DKGM)对小麦面团和面包品质的影响，采用醇碱法制备不同脱乙酰度(DK-1=35.58%,DK-2=53.82%,DK-3=72.12%,DK-4=86.32%)的魔芋葡甘露聚糖(konjac glucomannan, KGM),并研究天然KGM和不同脱乙酰度DKGM对小麦面团特性和面包品质的影响。结果表明，与空白组相比，KGM和DKGM均显著增加了混合粉的峰值黏度、面团的吸水率以及面包的比容和高径比，延缓了面包老化。与KGM组相比，DK-1组面团发酵体积、面包比容和高径比最大，但面团粉质特性较差；DK-3和DK-4虽增加了面团的拉伸能量和延展度，但对降低贮藏期面包回生焓值和抑制淀粉结晶效果较差；DK-2既能增加面团的粉质特性以及黏弹性，又能较好地保持面包在贮藏期的水分含量，延缓面包硬度增加。整体而言，DK-2对小麦面团性质及面包的品质改善效果最佳。因此，将KGM进行适度的脱乙酰改性有利于KGM在面包加工中的应用。     

小麦麸皮的品质改良及含麸皮面包焙烤品质的研究

本研究采用微波辐照联合复合酶法对小麦麸皮进行改良,将改良后的小麦麸皮添加至高筋粉中得到不同小麦麸皮含量的含麸皮面粉并制作含麸皮面包。结果表明:改良后小麦麸皮中脂肪酶残余酶活和脂肪氧化酶残余酶活降低至0和10.34%、粗纤维含量降低至3.21%、还原糖含量上升至3.79 g/100 g。与改良前的全麦面包相比,改良后的全麦面包组织结构得以改善、全麦面包储藏7d后吸热焓值降低了14.70%、全麦面包中酮基、羰基、醛基含量增多。改良后的全麦面包比容增加了26.40%、硬度降低了32.90%、弹性增大了6.90%。随着改良麸皮添加量的增加,含麸皮面包组织结构变得粗糙多孔,含麸皮面包吸热焓值逐渐降低,酮基、羰基、醛基含量增多,含麸皮面包芯亮度逐渐变暗、比容逐渐降低、硬度逐渐增加、弹性逐渐减小、感官品质降低。与未稳定化麸皮含量16%的全麦面包相比,稳定化全麦面包的稳定性、贮藏性和质构得到明显提高。     

添加改性麸皮对含麸皮面包结构及消化特性的影响

采用酶解-高压湿热处理对小麦麸皮进行改良,将改良后的小麦麸皮回添至高筋粉中获得不同麸皮含量的面粉,制作含麸皮面包,研究改良麸皮添加量对含麸皮面包的结构及消化特性的影响规律。结果表明：改良后的小麦麸皮中脂肪酶残余酶活降至0,不溶性膳食纤维含量从37.38%降低至15.64%,持水力升高了41.26%。与改良前的含麸皮面包相比,改良后的含麸皮面包香气浓郁,比容、硬度、弹性都得到了明显的改善。随着改良麸皮添加量增加,面包的老化程度降低、比容降低、硬度增加、弹性降低、感官品质降低。添加改良麦麸的含麸皮面包抗性淀粉含量增加,淀粉水解率降低。此外,改良麦麸显著降低了面包血糖生成指数。     

酸性面团对普通面包和豆渣面包品质的影响

利用活性酸奶乳酸菌发酵制作酸性面团，在普通面包与豆渣面包中分别加入30％～40％(以面粉计)的这种酸性面团后，面包体积、口感、风味、保鲜期和营养品质得到了明显改善。     

糯小麦粉添加量对配粉流变学特性及馒头品质的影响

将糯小麦粉与普通小麦粉进行梯度配粉,研究不同糯小麦粉添加量对配粉糊化黏度、粉质特性和面团流变学特性的影响;采用质构和感官评价相结合的方法评价其对馒头品质的影响,确定合适的糯小麦配粉比。结果表明：随着糯小麦粉添加量的增加,配粉的糊化温度、峰值黏度、衰减度和回生值等快速黏度分析参数均呈现下降趋势,尤其是回生值降低显著。配粉的吸水量随糯小麦粉添加量的增加逐渐增大,面团的形成时间和稳定时间缩短,粉质指数降低;但当添加量增加至25.0%时,粉质特性各指标均产生显著性改变。不同配粉面团随着醒发时间的延长,面团拉伸曲线面积、拉伸阻力和拉伸比等指标均呈现一定的增大趋势,但延伸度却随醒发时间延长而降低。糯小麦粉配粉比例对馒头的质构和感官特性具有较大影响,适宜的糯小麦粉配粉比为20.0%～30.0%,25.0%配粉比使馒头具有较好的质构,感官总评分达到最大值。     

Impact of sourdough fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum FST 1.7 on baking and sensory properties of gluten-free breads

Sourdoughs were produced from buckwheat, oat, quinoa, sorghum, teff and wheat flour using the heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum FST 1.7 and added to a basic bread formulation of flour from the same grain type (20 % addition level). Dough rheology, textural (crumb hardness, specific volume) and structural bread characteristics (crumb porosity, cell volume, brightness) of sourdough-containing breads were compared to non-sourdough-containing breads (control). Changes in protein profiles as analysed with capillary electrophoresis were observed in all sourdoughs. Furthermore, sourdough addition led to decreased dough strength resulting in softer dough. No influences on specific volume and hardness on day of baking were found for gluten-free sourdough breads. The staling rate was reduced in buckwheat (from 8 ± 2 to 6 ± 2 N/day) and teff sourdough bread (13 ± 1 to 10 ± 4 N/day), however, not significantly in comparison with the control breads. On the contrary, in wheat sourdough bread, the staling rate was significantly reduced (2 ± 1 N/day) in comparison with control bread (5 ± 1 N/day). Sourdough addition increased the cell volume significantly in sorghum (+61 %), teff (+92 %) and wheat sourdough breads (+78 %). Therefore, crumb porosity was significantly increased in all gluten-free and wheat sourdough breads. Shelf life for sourdough breads was one (teff and oat), two (buckwheat, quinoa and sorghum) and 3 days (wheat) and was not prolonged by sourdough addition. The inferior aroma of breads prepared from the gluten-free flours was also not improved by sourdough addition.     

INSTRUMENTAL TEXTURE and BAKING QUALITY of HIGH-FIBER TOAST BREAD AS AFFECTED BY ADDED WHEAT MILL FRACTIONS

The effect of bran type, level of addition, particle size, addition of wheat germ, as well as other additives like improvers and dough conditioners, on the instrumental texture and baking quality of high-fiber toast bread (white pan bread) has been investigated. the specific loaf volume decreased significantly (3.45 cc/g) when the bran level was raised to 30%, but at 20% bran addition, the specific loaf volume was superior to that of the control bread. the specific loaf volume of test breads remained higher than the control bread up to a level of 7.5% wheat germ addition. Additives like ascorbic acid (50 ppm) and sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (0.5%) further improved the baking quality of test bread samples. the objective texture values (measured as compression force, kg) indicated that the test bread with bran addition up to 20% and germ up to 7.5% possessed a softer texture (0.80 kg) than the control bread (1.02 kg). In comparison with control bread, the panelists gave higher sensory scores for all attributes of test bread samples containing up to 20% red coarse bran or up to 30% red fine bran. A similar trend in sensory quality of test samples containing up to 7.5% wheat germ was also observed. High-fiber toast bread made from white flour, equal proportions of coarse and fine bran at 20%, wheat germ at 7.5%, plus sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate at 0.5% levels, was found to possess softer texture and improved sensory quality than the whole wheat flour bread.     

Impact of ‘oxidizing’ and ‘reducing’ buckwheat sourdoughs on brown rice and buckwheat batter and bread

The influence of reducing and oxidizing buckwheat sourdoughs on the rheological, protein, and bread properties of buckwheat and brown rice flour was investigated. Batters and breads prepared with chemically acidified doughs, fresh pre-doughs, and fresh pre-doughs containing glutathione (3 mM) were used as controls. No significant differences were observed after the addition of reducing and oxidizing sourdoughs in all trials. Proteolysis was observed after proofing time in buckwheat and brown rice batters, respectively. Acidified doughs increased the elasticity and the gelatinization temperature of buckwheat batters. No notable microstructure changes were detected in brown rice batters. The extension of fermentation time in sourdough caused a slight decrease in bread volumes in all trials. Sourdoughs increased the bread volume and decreased the crumb hardness of buckwheat breads. In trials with brown rice flour, the addition of sourdough did not show relevant volume differences as compared to the controls, except big voids in sourdough bread crumb. Linear correlations between hardness, volume, and cells’ density were observed. However, no clear correlations among rheological parameters and bread characteristics could be detected. These results indicated that the applied strains were responsible for the leavening capacity of the yeast during the proofing time and for crumb structure in trials with buckwheat and brown rice flour. Applied sourdoughs were able to change the molecular, and bread properties of buckwheat and brown rice bread.     

不同全麦粉替代率对冷冻馒头品质的影响研究

目的 探讨不同全麦粉替代率对冷冻馒头品质影响的变化规律.方法 采用不同比例全麦粉(0、10％、20％、30％、40％、50％、60％、70％、80％、90％、100％)替代小麦粉,测定了混合粉的湿面筋含量和流变学特性,对比新鲜馒头,评价全麦粉替代率对冷冻馒头外观、质构和感官品质的影响.结果 随全麦粉替代率增加,面团湿面...     

中性木聚糖酶在面包制作中的应用

通过探讨不同浓度的中性木聚糖酶对面粉粉质、面包焙烤品质以及面包贮存过程中老化程度的影响 ,研究中性木聚糖酶作为焙烤添加剂的可行性。结果表明 ,中性木聚糖酶能显著地改善面粉的粉质 ,当添加量为 0 3mL/kg(面粉 )时 ,面团的形成时间可减少 5 0 %左右 ;能有效地改善面包焙烤品质 ,明显地增加面包的体积和比容 ,同时可以改善面包心的弹性和硬度 ,减小面包皮的硬度 ;酶添加范围为 0 0 5～ 0 48mL/kg(面粉 ) ,能增加面包的抗老化作用 ,贮藏 7d后 ,面包的硬度和弹性没有明显变化 ,延长了货架期     

Utilization of African grains for sourdough bread making

Abstract: Acha and Iburu flours were singly subjected to sourdough fermentation with previously selected autochthonous starters. Sourdoughs were used (30%, wt/wt) as aroma carriers and acidifiers during short time fermentation with the addition of baker's yeast. Acha and Iburu sourdough breads were compared to wheat sourdough bread started with the same strains and to breads made with the same formula but using baker's yeast alone. During Acha and Iburu sourdough fermentations, starter lactic acid bacteria reached almost the same cell density found in wheat sourdoughs. Acidification was more intense. Iburu sourdough bread had the highest total titratable acidity, the lowest pH, and contained the highest levels of free amino acids and phytase activity. The values of in vitro protein digestibility did not differ between Acha sourdough and wheat sourdough breads, while Iburu sourdough bread showed a slightly lower value. Acha and Iburu sourdough breads showed lower specific volume and higher density with respect to wheat sourdough breads. Nevertheless, Acha and Iburu sourdough breads were preferred for hardness and resilience. As shown by sensory analysis, Acha and especially Iburu sourdough breads were appreciated for color, acid taste and flavor, and overall acceptability. Practical Application: This study was aimed at evaluating the technological and nutritional properties of the African cereals Acha and Iburu. Sourdough fermentation and the use of selected starters increased the nutritional and sensory qualities and the potential application for bakery industry.