Experimental and Numerical Study on Complex Multi-planar Welded Tubular Joints in Umbrella-Type Space Trusses with Long Overhangs

A test rig with multi-functional purposes was specifically designed and manufactured to study the behavior of multi-planar welded tubular joints subjected to multi-planar concurrent axial loading. An experimental investigation was conducted on full-scale welded tubular joints with each consisting of one chord and eight braces under monotonic loading conditions. Two pairs or four representative specimens (two specimens for each joint type) were tested, in which each pair was reinforced with two kinds of different internal stiffeners at the intersections between the chords using welded rectangular hollow steel sections (RHSSs) and the braces using rolled circular hollow steel sections (CHSSs) and welded RHSSs. The effects of different internal stiffeners at the chord–brace intersection on the load capacity of joints under concurrent multi-planar axial compression/tension are discussed. The test results of joint strengths, failure modes, and load–stress curves are presented. Finite element analyses were performed to verify the experimental results. The study results show that the two different joint types with the internal stiffeners at the chord–brace intersection under axial compression/tension significantly increase the corresponding ultimate strength to far exceed the usual design strength. The load carrying capacity of welded tubular joints decreases with a higher degree of the manufacturing imperfection in individual braces at the tubular joints. Furthermore, the interaction effect of the concurrent axial loading applied at the welded tubular joint on member stress is apparent.     

Study on spatial effect of concrete-filled steel tubular KK-joints

为研究钢管混凝土空间相贯节点的空间效应,通过精细化有限元模拟对钢管混凝土空间相贯节点的受力性能进行了研究。建模时考虑了材料非线性、几何非线性、钢管与混凝土之间的接触非线性,建立了钢管混凝土KK形相贯节点的精确有限元模型,研究了空间效应对节点承载能力和破坏模式的影响。结果表明：钢管混凝土空间相贯节点的承载力远高于钢管空间相贯节点;钢管混凝土空间相贯节点和平面相贯节点的破坏模式相同,破坏模式有两种,一种是主管管壁冲剪破坏和受压支管屈服联合破坏,发生在支管管壁较薄的情况,另一种是主管管壁冲剪破坏;空间效应对钢管和钢管混凝土相贯节点承载力的影响不同,对于钢管混凝土相贯节点,支管空间夹角60°的节点承载力较平面节点有所降低,在设计时应该考虑空间效应的影响;空间效应对钢管混凝土空间相贯节点刚度影响不大。     

支管灌混凝土平面X形圆钢管节点轴压性能试验研究

为研究支管灌混凝土X形圆钢管节点的轴压性能,对6个不同截面几何参数的支管灌混凝土X形圆钢管节点进行了单调加载试验。介绍了节点试验方案,揭示了节点破坏模式,给出了加载点荷载 端位移曲线、支管轴力-主管壁变形曲线以及节点区域折算应变分布曲线,并将支主管外径比β、主管径厚比γ和支主管壁厚比τ对节点轴压承载力和弹性轴压刚度的影响进行了分析。试验研究结果表明：节点试件均表现出较好延性;所有试件的主管壁最大竖向变形位移都大于0.03倍主管直径,在判定该类圆钢管节点轴压承载力时应该采用极限变形准则;节点轴压承载力与弹性轴压刚度都随着β和τ的增加以及γ的减小而提高;所有试件的支管根部测点都未进入塑性且主管都是鞍点和冠点之间的中间测点首先进入塑性;在试验参数条件下,支管灌混凝土对X形圆钢管节点轴压承载力提高不明显,甚至会降低其轴压承载力。目前GB 50017-2003《钢结构设计规范》公式不能较好地计算支管灌混凝土X形圆钢管节点轴压承载力。     

平面K形圆主管方支管节点承载力试验研究与有限元分析

对平面K形圆主管方支管节点的承载力进行试验研究,进行了5个空钢管节点和1个主管内灌混凝土节点的静力单调加载试验。介绍了节点试验方案,考察了节点的受力性能、破坏模式和承载力,给出了试件支管的变形曲线以及折算应变曲线,并对支管壁厚、主管内浇灌混凝土对节点承载力、刚度和延性的影响进行了分析。试验结果表明：现行国内外规范中圆钢管和方钢管节点承载力计算值明显低于试验值,已有的计算公式都不能准确计算圆主管方支管节点的承载力;增加支管壁厚改变了节点的破坏模式并明显提高了节点承载力和延性;主管内灌混凝土虽提高了承载力和初始刚度但延性并没有得到显著提高;圆主管方支管节点区域的变形主要源于受拉支管的局部变形。在节点破坏模式、变形曲线、承载力和塑性发展等方面将有限元计算值与试验结果进行比较,结果吻合良好,可以作为进一步分析的基础。     

成都双流国际机场T2航站楼空间相贯节点极限承载力研究

以成都双流国际机场T2航站楼建设项目为背景,设计出一套空间自平衡加载装置,对工程中采用的2个复杂相贯节点进行足尺静力加载试验。在设计荷载作用下,节点处于弹性状态;在极限荷载作用下,主管发生明显变形,但节点极限承载力远高于设计荷载,失效模式表现为延性性质。同时,采用ABAQUS有限元分析软件对节点进行弹塑性非线性分析,将试验结果与计算结果进行对比分析,验证有限元模型的正确性;进一步探讨几种主管加劲肋形式对节点极限承载力的影响。研究表明,中心设置一块加劲肋最为有效,既能提高节点极限承载力,又具有较好的经济性和施工便捷性。     

PBL加劲型矩形钢管混凝土支管受拉节点有效分布宽度

为研究PBL加劲型矩形钢管混凝土支管受拉节点应力分布规律及其有效分布宽度,采用ABAQUS软件建立42个矩形空钢管、钢管混凝土及PBL加劲型矩形钢管混凝土节点有限元模型并进行位移加载;根据有限元计算结果拟合得到矩形空钢管、钢管混凝土及PBL加劲型矩形钢管混凝土节点的有效分布宽度表达式,将拟合公式计算值与CIDECT规范计算值和有限元计算值进行对比。结果表明:在节点受力全过程中,PBL加劲型矩形钢管混凝土节点相对于矩形空钢管节点和钢管混凝土节点的应力分布不均匀性减小;当加载位移达到3%b₀（b₀为主管宽度）时,PBL加劲型节点的有效分布宽度更大,具有更好的受力性能,支板应力分布效率ξ随主管宽厚比2γ与支主管厚度比τ的增大而减小,其中τ对ξ的影响更大;支板应力分布效率ξ随支主管宽度比β变化较小,且呈抛物线变化;拟合公式计算值与CIDECT规范计算值及有限元计算值吻合良好,验证了公式的正确性     

方钢管覆板及竖向插板加强T形节点受压静力试验

为分析方钢管加强节点的轴压承载能力和破坏模式,对支管与主管宽度比β=0.4和β=0.8的两组覆板加强节点、竖向插板加强节点进行轴向静力加载试验。分析了节点破坏模式、荷载 位移曲线、主管变形及应变,以及加强节点的受压承载机理。结果表明：在支管轴向压力作用下,未加强及加强节点的变形能力都较好,试件在破坏前有充分的塑性发展;覆板及插板加强节点的受压承载能力较对应的未加强试件有显著提高,当β=0.4时加强节点的破坏模式与未加强节点一致,当β=0.8时存在节点过度加强问题,引起支管先于节点破坏;相同β下,覆板加强节点的受压承载力高于竖向插板加强节点;在主管表面屈服破坏控制的情况下,覆板加强节点的承载机理为覆板与主管上翼缘共同屈服,竖向插板加强节点的承载机理为插板扩大了主管上、下翼缘的屈服范围。     

Strength of tubular welded joints of roof trusses in Shanghai Qizhong Tennis Center

Static strength of multi-planar welded joints with seven brace members and one chord member made of circular hollow sections is investigated in the paper, based on the engineering practice of moveable roof trusses of Shanghai Qizhong Tennis Center. Firstly, comparative experiments were carried out on two model joints with a scale of 1:3. One joint was not reinforced, whereas the other was reinforced with ring stiffeners inside the chord member. Failure mode, stress distribution, plastic-zone development and ultimate load capacity of the joints were investigated, and effects of the ring stiffeners on the joint behavior were observed through the experiments. Secondly, finite element analysis of both the tested model joints was performed. The calculation results are in a good agreement with the experimental results, which indicated that the numerical analysis was quite effective. Finally, the strategy for enhancing strength of the complicated joint is discussed. Parameters study on the constructional details of ring stiffeners was carried out using FE method. The present research shows the multi-planar circular hollow section joint with high ratio of diameter to thickness of the chord and multiple braces is liable to chord plasticity under axial tension and compression on the braces. For the design of the joint, it is suggested that the ring stiffeners are installed insider the chord to meet needs of enough stiffness and strength. Both position and number of the stiffeners should be carefully determined based on the axial forces on the braces and their diameters. The stiffener thickness should not be less than the chord thickness, and the diameter of the hole at the center of the stiffener should not be greater than half of the chord diameter.     

高层装配式斜支撑钢框架结构设计研究

针对远大S30工程的高层装配式斜支撑钢框架结构体系,分别采用振型分解反应谱法和线性时程分析法对整体结构进行有限元分析,得到了结构在多遇地震作用下的内力和位移响应。进行了结构整体的弹性设计,总结了该结构体系的设计方法。按规范对柱与柱座法兰连接的承载力进行了计算,并通过有限元分析和试验研究进行了节点强度和刚度的分析与验证。对梁柱节点进行了试验,研究其刚度变化规律,提出了采用弹簧单元在整体结构中建立节点简化分析模型的方法。研究结果表明：该体系中轻型钢楼梯对整体刚度的影响可以忽略,计算时可不建模分析;结构抗震性能满足现行规范要求,结构侧向变形曲线介于框架结构和剪力墙结构变形曲线之间;斜支撑降低了节点区的应力,增大了结构体系刚度,起到了减小柱计算长度、增强梁柱节点和柱与柱座连接的作用;柱与柱座法兰连接设计既满足设计强度要求,又实现了柱的刚性连接,保证了柱承载力和刚度的连续性。     

竖向加劲钢板剪力墙门槛刚度研究

为研究设置竖向加劲肋的钢板剪力墙的弹性屈曲性能,采用有限元法对竖向加劲钢板剪力墙弹性屈曲性能进行研究,分析加劲肋的刚度、加劲数量和钢板高宽比等因素的影响。研究表明:设置竖向加劲能有效提高钢板墙剪切临界应力,钢板高宽比、加劲肋数目和加劲肋抗弯刚度均对钢板剪力墙屈曲系数有较大影响。提出加劲肋门槛刚度的判定标准和计算公式,该判定标准考虑了加劲肋扭转刚度的影响。与有限元结果的比较表明,具有较好的精度,且明显优于文献结果。     

鞍板和环板加劲K形相贯节点承载力试验研究

为研究采用节点板、鞍板、环板加劲的K形相贯节点的受力特性,设计并制作了11个节点试件开展比例加载试验研究,得到其变形、应力分布及破坏模式等受力性能。利用经试验验证的有限元模型,分析了加劲组件和钢管参数对该类加劲相贯节点承载力的影响,并给出了受荷节点的力学模型。有限元分析和试验结果表明,该节点表现出无加劲相贯节点和带鞍板的管-板节点的受力特征,加劲构造能有效提高节点承载力。参数敏感性分析结果表明,增加支管和主管直径比、主管厚度、节点板长度和扇形鞍板圆心角可提高节点极限承载力。给出了极限承载力简化计算方法,计算结果和有限元分析及试验结果吻合较好。     

加强型空间复杂节点试验研究

本文对5个加强型空间复杂节点在轴向荷载作用下的受力性能进行了静力加载试验。采用多功能反力加载系统进行加载试验,考察节点的应力分布状况、传力路径和破坏形态。研究表明,合适的插板放置方式不仅能够增加施工便利性,还能够改变节点的传力路径、减少主管的变形,进而大幅度提高节点承载力。5个试验节点均具有一定的安全储备,节点构造方式可行有效。     

Strength of tubular welded joints of roof trusses in Shanghai Qizhong Tennis Center

Static strength of multi-planar welded joints with seven brace members and one chord member made of circular hollow sections is investigated in the paper, based on the engineering practice of moveable roof trusses of Shanghai Qizhong Tennis Center. Firstly, comparative experiments were carried out on two model joints with a scale of 1:3. One joint was not reinforced, whereas the other was reinforced with ring stiffeners inside the chord member. Failure mode, stress distribution, plastic-zone development and ultimate load capacity of the joints were investigated, and effects of the ring stiffeners on the joint behavior were observed through the experiments. Secondly, finite element analysis of both the tested model joints was performed. The calculation results are in a good agreement with the experimental results, which indicated that the numerical analysis was quite effective. Finally, the strategy for enhancing strength of the complicated joint is discussed. Parameters study on the constructional details of ring stiffeners was carried out using FE method. The present research shows the multi-planar circular hollow section joint with high ratio of diameter to thickness of the chord and multiple braces is liable to chord plasticity under axial tension and compression on the braces. For the design of the joint, it is suggested that the ring stiffeners are installed insider the chord to meet needs of enough stiffness and strength. Both position and number of the stiffeners should be carefully determined based on the axial forces on the braces and their diameters. The stiffener thickness should not be less than the chord thickness, and the diameter of the hole at the center of the stiffener should not be greater than half of the chord diameter. __________ Translated from Journal of Building Structures, 2007, 28(1): 36&2-42 [译自: 建筑结构学报]     

T形钢管混凝土插板连接节点受弯性能研究

采用精细化有限元分析方法对T形钢管混凝土插拔连接节点的平面内受弯性能进行了研究.首先通过与试验结果进行对比,验证了精细化有限元模型的正确性和准确性.在此基础上研究了主管壁厚、支管壁厚、主管形式和混凝土强度对节点破坏模式和承载力的影响.结果表明,钢管混凝土插板连接节点的破坏模式和钢管插板连接节点不同,为主管冲剪破坏和支管...     

空间足尺组合式连接节点受力性能研究

以某大型特高压用钢管格构式变电构架工程为背景,对空间足尺组合式连接节点进行空间静力加载试验和有限元分析,着重研究节点的应力应变及位移发展特征、破坏模式和极限承载性能。试验结果表明:设计荷载下,除主管与节点板连接处的端部由于应力集中而出现轻微局部屈服外,节点其他部位仍处于弹性阶段|加载至设计荷载的近190%时,主管受力较大端出现受压“鼓曲”,主管与节点板1（JDB1）的连接处严重“凹陷”,随即支管⑦的插板与JDB1连接处发生受压“失稳”,节点破坏。有限元模型的分析结果,在节点应变发展、荷载-位移曲线、破坏模式、极限承载力等方面均与试验结果吻合较好。该类型节点的构造基本合理,满足设计荷载要求。建立节点承载力的理论分析模型及计算公式,理论计算结果与试验结果、有限元分析结果吻合较好。     

全加劲两侧开缝钢板剪力墙弹性屈曲研究

采用有限元方法对全加劲两侧开缝钢板剪力墙在面内水平荷载作用下的弹性屈曲临界荷载、屈曲模态进行了研究。对影响其弹性屈曲性能的参数进行了分析,包括两侧和中部加劲肋与墙板的刚度比、两侧和中部加劲肋宽厚比以及墙板高厚比和边长比。给出了全加劲两侧开缝钢板剪力墙加劲肋的弹性屈曲设计参考公式,为开缝钢板剪力墙的应用提供依据。     

内置横向插板加强型管节点静力强度研究

主管内设置横向插板是改善焊接圆钢管结构承载能力的一种方法。为了研究横向内置插板对节点静力强度的影响，采用有限元方法，对62个加强与未加强的T形节点模型进行了有限元模拟和分析。调查了节点区域和内置横向插板在静力加载过程中的变形过程。通过对模型参数的研究发现：内置横向插板能够提高T形节点的静力强度，但当T形节点承受轴向压力作用时，静力强度的提高对插板长度和厚度的变化不敏感。插板的厚度可按照构造措施选取，长度不能小于支管的直径。     

Experimental investigation and design of round ended elliptical steel tubular T-joints under axial compression

圆端形椭圆钢管是一种融合圆形和矩形截面特征优势的构件，其圆端部分可以提供良好约束，矩形部分可实现快捷连接，在桁架结构中有着良好的应用前景，然而目前尚缺乏有关圆端形椭圆钢管相贯节点的受力性能研究。为此，通过对13根圆端形椭圆钢管T形相贯节点开展轴压性能试验，研究相贯类型、主支管径比、主支管夹角和是否填充混凝土等对其破坏模式、承载力、初始刚度和延性等力学性能的影响，明确圆端形椭圆钢管T形相贯节点在支管受压作用下相较圆形或矩形钢管相贯节点的承载特征差异，揭示相贯节点的受力机理，提出圆端形椭圆钢管相贯节点的轴压承载力计算式。研究结果表明，圆端形椭圆钢管T形相贯节点表现出良好的轴压性能；支管与主管圆弧段连接的相贯节点轴压承载力分别为圆形或矩形钢管相贯节点的1.07~1.66倍，具有明显的承载优势；主管填充混凝土可使圆端形椭圆钢管T形相贯节点的轴压承载力和初始刚度分别提高75.5%~103.4%和11.9%~60.6%；通过试验结果验证，提出的轴压承载力计算式可较准确地评估圆端形椭圆钢管T形相贯节点的轴压承载力。     

圆端形椭圆钢管T形相贯节点轴压性能试验研究与承载力计算

圆端形椭圆钢管是一种融合圆形和矩形截面特征优势的构件,其圆端部分可以提供良好约束,矩形部分可实现快捷连接,在桁架结构中有着良好的应用前景,然而目前尚缺乏有关圆端形椭圆钢管相贯节点的受力性能研究。为此,通过对13根圆端形椭圆钢管T形相贯节点开展轴压性能试验,研究相贯类型、主支管径比、主支管夹角和是否填充混凝土等对其破坏模式、承载力、初始刚度和延性等力学性能的影响,明确圆端形椭圆钢管T形相贯节点在支管受压作用下相较圆形或矩形钢管相贯节点的承载特征差异,揭示相贯节点的受力机理,提出圆端形椭圆钢管相贯节点的轴压承载力计算式。研究结果表明,圆端形椭圆钢管T形相贯节点表现出良好的轴压性能;支管与主管圆弧段连接的相贯节点轴压承载力分别为圆形或矩形钢管相贯节点的1.07～1.66倍,具有明显的承载优势;主管填充混凝土可使圆端形椭圆钢管T形相贯节点的轴压承载力和初始刚度分别提高75.5%～103.4%和11.9%～60.6%;通过试验结果验证,提出的轴压承载力计算式可较准确地评估圆端形椭圆钢管T形相贯节点的轴压承载力。     

PBL加劲型矩形钢管混凝土桁架受弯性能试验

通过3片开孔钢板（PBL）加劲型矩形钢管混凝土桁架和1片矩形钢管混凝土桁架受弯性能试验,研究主管内设PBL及节点支主管宽度比β对桁架破坏模式、支主管应变变化和极限承载力的影响,对桁架竖向挠度限值进行分析,并探讨节点变形对桁架整体变形的影响。结果表明:矩形钢管混凝土桁架和PBL加劲型矩形钢管混凝土桁架均发生节点破坏,主管内设PBL改变了管内混凝土的开裂模式,有效限制了混凝土裂缝发展,使钢管与混凝土更好地协同受力;矩形钢管混凝土桁架和β分别为0.5,0.75,0.875的PBL加劲型矩形钢管混凝土桁架的节点变形占桁架整体变形比例分别为33.43%,24.44%,23.69%和21.44%,PBL有效限制受拉支管处主管的外凸变形,使节点变形占桁架整体变形比例减小,提高节点承载力,但对受压支管处主管变形基本无影响;对于矩形钢管混凝土和PBL加劲型矩形钢管混凝土组合桁梁桥竖向挠度限值可参考《公路钢结构桥梁设计规范》（JTG D64—2015）取为桁架全长的1/500。