单调荷载下栓钉连接件受剪性能试验研究

栓钉是钢-混凝土组合梁中常用的柔性受剪连接件。通过18个栓钉受剪试件在单调荷载下的推出试验,较系统地研究了混凝土强度等级、栓钉直径以及钢梁类型等参数对栓钉的破坏形态、破坏机理、荷载-滑移规律和极限受剪承载力的影响。研究表明:栓钉的受剪承载力随着混凝土强度等级的提高以及栓钉直径的增大而增加;轧制工字钢试件中栓钉的受剪承载力比焊接工字钢试件中的高10%~30%。在试验的基础上提出了栓钉受剪承载力的计算方法。     

H型钢腹板焊接栓钉的部分外包混凝土组合构件纵向受剪性能试验研究

通过13个在单调荷载作用下H型钢腹板焊接栓钉的部分外包混凝土组合构件的推出试验,对其破坏形态、荷载-滑移特性和纵向剪力传递性能进行了研究,分析了栓钉数量、栓钉直径、栓钉布置方式、型钢翼缘宽度、腹部混凝土箍筋布置方式及加载方式等对受剪承载力的影响。试验结果表明：H型钢腹板焊接栓钉的部分外包混凝土组合构件的主要破坏形态为外包混凝土劈裂破坏和栓钉剪断破坏;典型的荷载-滑移曲线可分为3个特征阶段,分别为无滑移阶段、荷载上升段及荷载下降段;腹部栓钉有效地提高了部分外包混凝土组合构件的纵向受剪承载力,且受剪承载力随栓钉直径的增大和栓钉数量的增加而增大;腹部栓钉纵向布置优于横向布置,栓钉纵向偏心布置对受剪承载力影响较小;宽翼缘型钢能更好地约束腹部混凝土,提高其受剪承载力;腹部箍筋不同布置方式对极限荷载的影响较小;通过分析构件的受力机理和纵向剪力传递模式,提出了H型钢腹板焊接栓钉的部分外包混凝土组合构件纵向受剪承载力算式,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

Longitudinal shear test on steel-concrete composite beam with two rows of shear studs

为研究带双排栓钉的组合梁的纵向受剪性能,进行了7个带双排栓钉的钢-混凝土组合梁试件和1个带单排栓钉的钢-混凝土组合梁对比试件的纵向受剪试验。研究栓钉横向或纵向间距、横向配筋率、混凝土强度、栓钉排布方式等因素对带双排栓钉的钢-混凝土组合梁纵向受剪性能和混凝土板破坏形态的影响,并分析了各研究参数对峰值荷载和极限滑移量的影响。结果表明：带双排栓钉的钢-混凝土组合梁试件破坏模式主要表现为“八”字形裂缝的剪切破坏;栓钉横向、纵向间距、混凝土强度以及混凝土板配筋率是影响钢-混凝土组合梁受剪承载力的主要因素;受剪承载力均随着栓钉横向间距、纵向间距、混凝土强度以及混凝土板的横向配筋率的增加而增大。     

高温下钢筋桁架楼承板中栓钉抗剪性能研究

对15个试件进行常温和高温下推出试验,研究钢筋桁架楼承板中栓钉的抗剪性能,得到混凝土楼板和栓钉不同位置处的温度分布以及栓钉受剪承载力随温度的退化规律。试验结果表明,钢筋桁架楼承板中栓钉在常温和高温下的破坏均为栓钉剪断破坏,栓钉根部混凝土局部压碎,但是与平板混凝土板中栓钉的破坏位置不同,所研究的栓钉剪断破坏的位置在钢梁上翼缘处,而不是在栓钉根部焊缝处,这也在很大程度上导致了钢筋桁架楼承板中栓钉受剪承载力比平板混凝土板中栓钉低。钢筋桁架楼承板中栓钉的受剪承载力和刚度均随温度的升高而降低。通过对试验数据的分析,提出了钢筋桁架楼承板中栓钉高温下受剪承载力和荷载-滑移曲线的计算方法。     

配置栓钉钢板与外包高强混凝土界面黏结-滑移性能研究

为了提高剪力墙内钢板与高强混凝土界面的黏结 滑移性能,进行了10个配置列阵栓钉抗剪键的钢板外包高强混凝土墙板试件的推出试验。试件设计参数包括混凝土强度、栓钉长径比、拉结筋构造等。通过分析荷载-滑移曲线、黏结强度等性能指标,研究了不同参数对钢板与外包高强混凝土间黏结-滑移性能的影响。给出了钢板外包高强混凝土剪力墙中栓钉的受剪承载力计算公式,得到了不同构造下黏结-滑移本构关系。研究表明:混凝土强度对钢板外包高强混凝土剪力墙黏结强度的影响呈正相关;栓钉长径比不小于4且不大于8时,增大长径比对界面受剪承载力的提高影响不大;将拉结筋取代部分栓钉后可大幅度提高钢板外包混凝土剪力墙的残余黏结强度。给出的钢板高强混凝土剪力墙内栓钉受剪承载力拟合计算式所得结果以及黏结 滑移本构关系拟合曲线与试验结果均符合较好,可为工程应用提供参考。     

剪力钉推出试验受力机理研究

剪力钉在钢-混凝土组合结构中传递剪力,调节钢与混凝土结构的受力分布,广泛应用于桥梁、高层建筑领域。由于计算和测试手段不足,以往对剪力钉受力机理的分析还仅限于对推出试验结果中的滑移量和破坏形式进行分析,规范中对剪力钉承载力的规定基本为以推出试验结果为主的经验公式。利用有限元软件通过合理的建模,对推出试件中剪力钉的细观应力场进行分析,结合推出试验结果,对剪力钉的受力机理进行细致分析。同时,通过变化参数对影响剪力钉性能的因素进行分析。     

集簇式栓钉抗剪承载力折减系数计算方法

为给装配式钢-混组合结构梁桥集簇式栓钉抗剪连接件的设计提供参考,深入研究了集簇式栓钉抗剪连接件的受力特性。采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立推出试验有限元模型,对群钉效应及其主要影响因素进行了有限元参数化分析,并给出综合考虑混凝土强度、栓钉排数、栓钉纵向间距影响的集簇式栓钉连接件抗剪承载力折减系数计算公式。结果表明:受到群钉效应的影响,集簇式栓钉连接件的单钉平均抗剪承载力有较大程度的折减并且钉群受力呈现明显的不均匀性; 随着混凝土强度的提高,φ22×200栓钉连接件抗剪承载力、抗剪刚度逐渐增大; 当栓钉排数从3排增加至7排时,群钉的单钉平均抗剪承载力以及栓钉抗剪承载力折减系数逐渐降低,同时钉群受力的不均匀程度大幅提升; 当栓钉纵向间距由4d(d为栓钉直径)增加至8d时,群钉的单钉平均抗剪承载力以及栓钉抗剪承载力折减系数呈现增大趋势; 提出的集簇式栓钉连接件抗剪承载力折减系数计算公式计算值与有限元值吻合良好,可以为装配式钢-混组合结构梁桥集簇式栓钉抗剪连接件的设计提供理论依据。     

施工误差对剪力钉工作性能的影响

为了研究施工误差对剪力钉工作性能的影响,通过3个无误差剪力钉推出试验,探究剪力钉抗剪力学性能,并根据试验结果验证有限元模拟方法的准确性。在此基础上,考虑施工过程中可能发生的混凝土浇筑不密实、剪力钉布置边距不足、剪力钉倾斜3种施工误差,通过有限元模拟计算分析得到在各施工误差影响下剪力钉抗剪承载力及破坏模式。结果表明:无误差试件剪力钉破坏模式均为剪力钉根部剪断破坏,抗剪承载力试验值均大于各规范计算值;有限元分析得到剪力钉附近混凝土浇筑不密实可使剪力钉抗剪承载力降低60%~70%;剪力钉至混凝土边缘距离不满足规范要求可使剪力钉抗剪承载力降低27%;剪力钉倾斜可使剪力钉抗剪承载力降低41%;混凝土浇筑不密实对剪力钉抗剪承载能力影响最大。     

Theoretical and experimental study on composite steel-concrete shear walls with vertical steel encased profiles

The present work describes the theoretical study and the experimental tests on composite steel-concrete shear walls with steel encased profiles (CSRCW), performed at Politehnica University of Timi?oara, Romania. The composite steel-concrete structural shear walls with steel encased profiles can be used as horizontal resisting systems for buildings that require considerable large horizontal load capacity. The study consists in numerical analysis and tests on 1:3 scale experimental steel-concrete composite elements. The experimental elements differ by the arrangement of the steel shapes embedded in the cross section of the wall and by the cross section type of the steel encased element. Headed steel studs are provided to ensure the connection between the steel profiles and the concrete. The aim of this study is to analyze the nonlinear behavior of elements, focused on the connection between the steel profiles and the concrete respectively, to compare the behavior of shear walls with different steel shape encased profiles with typical reinforced concrete shear walls. Using the tests performed until failure, the maximum load, the deformation capacity and the dissipated energy were evaluated.     

Resistance of headed studs subjected to fatigue loading: Part I: Experimental study

In steel-concrete composite structures the transfer of longitudinal shear forces at the interface between steel and concrete is mostly realized by headed shear studs. Especially in bridges due to traffic loads these shear connectors are subjected to high-cycle loading and the fatigue resistance governs the design. In this first part of two companion papers a series of experimental work with standard EC4 push-out specimens is presented. The main purpose of these tests was to determine the fatigue life and a possible reduction of the static strength of the headed shear studs subjected to unidirectional cyclic loading. A further aspect was to examine the effects of the loading sequence and damage accumulation on the fatigue life. The results of the experimental investigations show that due to a crack initiation at the stud foot at 10%-15% of the fatigue life, an early reduction of the static strength is caused. Furthermore tests to examine the effects of the loading sequence on the fatigue life revealed that the linear damage accumulation hypothesis according to Palmgren and Miner on which the present design codes are based do not describe the real behaviour.     

Static and fatigue behavior of large stud shear connectors for steel-concrete composite bridges

For the design of shear connection in high shear areas of steel-concrete composite bridges, large shear studs can be an excellent alternative. Through the push-out tests on large stud shear connectors up to 30 mm diameter, which are beyond the limitation of current design codes, static and fatigue behavior was investigated and compared with design equations. The ultimate strength of the shear connection showed that the design shear strength in Eurocode-4 and AASHTO LRFD gives conservative values for large studs. The fatigue endurance obtained from the tests was slightly lower than the current design codes in Eurocode-4. Based on the push-out test results on large studs, partial composite beams with about 38% degree of shear connection were fabricated and static tests were performed. The ultimate strength and horizontal shear load redistribution of partial composite beams, which had parameters of stud shank diameters and distribution, were evaluated and group failure in shear span was observed. The ultimate strength of the shear connection had a value about 1.59 times larger than that from push-out tests.     

Study on the interfacial shear behavior of steel reinforced concrete (SRC) members with stud connectors after fire

Statically push-out tests of 20 steel reinforced concrete short columns (SRCSC) with stud connectors on the surface of shape steel after fire and two SRCSC under ambient temperature were carried out, in order to study the failure mode, load-slip relationship and the interfacial shear transfer of SRC members after fire. Experimental results show that the typical failure modes and load-slip curves of SRCSC after fire are almost the same as the case under ambient temperature. The interfacial shear transfer of SRCSC declines exponentially not only with the increase of the peak temperature the specimen experienced but also with the increase of the peak temperature duration. The interfacial shear transfer of the specimens with studs arranged at the steel web is much higher than those with studs arranged at the steel flange. Empirical formulas of SRCSC interfacial shear transfer after fire are proposed, and the calculated results generally agree well with the experimental results.     

钢桥面-薄层CRRPC组合结构栓钉连接件抗剪疲劳性能研究

采用推出试验和弯曲疲劳试验,研究钢桥面板与薄层CRRPC铺装层间栓钉连接件抗剪疲劳性能。基于Von Mises材料破坏准则和双线性本构关系,对 推出试验模型进行有限元分析、静力试验和疲劳试验,得到不同加载比和界面联接方式下的滑移-加载循环次数曲线,以及栓钉连接件抗剪承载力;开展足 尺组合梁弯曲疲劳试验,考察组合桥面系统中栓钉整体抗剪疲劳性能。研究结果表明：加载比是影响栓钉抗剪疲劳寿命关键因素之一,对于推出疲劳试验, 加载比建议取0.4;钢板与CRRPC间的黏结效应是影响疲劳寿命另一重要因素,对于存在黏结效应的推出试件,在0.5的加载比下等效疲劳寿命可以达到92.2 万次,但无黏结时,疲劳寿命仅为16.9万次;控制栓钉间距是提高组合桥面抗剪疲劳性能的有效方式,在等效实桥应力幅下,即使钢板-CRRPC间不存在黏结 效应,栓钉布距为125mm×125mm,经过8888.9万次疲劳加载,组合梁界面仍没有发生疲劳破坏。     

栓钉剪力连接件滑移性能试验研究及受剪承载力计算

根据3组栓钉剪力连接件推出试验,研究栓钉直径和栓钉屈服强度对试件受剪承载力的影响。应用ABAQUS有限元分析软件对栓钉剪力连接件进行精细三维实体有限元分析,栓钉、钢梁和混凝土均采用C3D8R单元,计算结果与试验结果符合较好。基于有限元法进行参数分析,研究栓钉直径、数量、长径比、屈服强度、混凝土强度和横向配筋率等对栓钉剪力连接件荷载-滑移性能的影响,有限元计算结果表明,栓钉受剪承载力随着栓钉直径、屈服强度和混凝土强度的增大而提高。提出了考虑栓钉直径、屈服强度和混凝土强度影响的单个栓钉受剪承载力计算式和荷载-滑移关系计算方法,计算结果与文中试验结果和收集到的81组栓钉剪力连接件有效试验结果进行对比,吻合较好。建议的受剪承载力计算式与现行规范建议公式进行比较,建议的计算式具有较高的精度。荷载-滑移曲线实用计算方法与Ollgaard提出的计算方法比较表明建议计算方法具有较广泛的适用性。     

受栓钉强度控制的钢板-混凝土界面黏结滑移性能试验与本构模型

以预应力型钢-混凝土界面为研究对象,旨在建立钢板-混凝土栓钉连接界面黏结滑移的本构关系。研究以混凝土强度、栓钉数量及法向压应力为变量,采用正交试验法对18个钢板-混凝土界面试件进行剪切试验。试验界面取为原型界面足够小的单元,使其能代表该单元内一点处的性能,从而探讨一点处的黏结滑移性能,并得到一点处的黏结应力-滑移关系曲线。结果表明：试验后期均发生栓钉剪断造成黏结应力骤降的破坏。混凝土强度和法向压应力的增加对界面的屈服、峰值和残余黏结应力均有提高作用;栓钉含量对界面的屈服及残余黏结应力影响不大,但可提高界面的峰值黏结应力,还可增大峰值黏结应力点的滑移及残余段初始滑移,提高延性。基于试验结果分别建立了无栓钉、含单栓钉和含双栓钉的钢板-混凝土界面黏结滑移本构模型,统计回归了模型中特征点的应力及滑移等参数的算式。所提模型与试验结果吻合良好,达到了在黏结滑移本构关系中考虑栓钉影响的目的。     

Resistance of headed studs subjected to fatigue loading Part II: Analytical study

Most design codes consider the static and fatigue resistance of composite steel-concrete structures with separate verifications for ultimate limit state and the limit state of fatigue. For headed shear studs both verifications are based on worldwide performed experimental investigations with push-out specimens. The determination of the fatigue life of headed shear studs in recent European codes is based on the S-N curve developed from the statistical analysis of a great number of cyclic push-out tests. The S-N curve considers the shear stress range as the only loading parameter. In addition, the maximum shear force is limited at serviceability limit states in order to avoid significant inelastic behaviour. However, recent researches showed that beside the shear stress range, also the peak load and the static strength of the shear studs influence the fatigue life. Based on the results of the 71 push-out tests presented in the earlier companion paper, international push-out tests to determine the fatigue life of headed shear studs in solid concrete slabs are sorted and reanalyzed and analytical expressions are developed to predict the fatigue life and the reduced static strength after high cycle preloading. Furthermore, the linear damage accumulation hypothesis according to Palmgren and Miner is modified and improved to consider load sequence effects and non-linear behaviour.     

钢纤维混凝土焊钉-橡胶连接件受剪承载力试验研究

为建立钢-混凝土组合结构桥梁使用的钢纤维混凝土(SFRC)焊钉-橡胶连接件受剪承载力设计计算方法,设计并制作了18组54个SFRC焊钉-橡胶连接件,通过单调加载与循环加载推出试验,研究了混凝土强度、焊钉直径、钢纤维体积掺量、橡胶套筒高度及厚度、加载模式等对其受剪承载力的影响规律.基于准牛顿法进行非线性拟合,提出了SFR...     

钢板-混凝土组合板受弯性能试验研究

以钢板代替受力钢筋,通过栓钉将外侧钢板与内部混凝土板相连,二者共同作用形成钢板-混凝土组合板。根据钢板布置形式的不同,可将钢板-混凝土组合板分为单面钢板-混凝土组合板（SSC）和双面钢板-混凝土组合板（DSC）。通过对4个SSC试件和3个DSC试件的受弯试验研究,分析了不同钢板厚度、抗剪连接程度以及构造钢筋配置对组合板受弯性能和破坏形态的影响。试验结果表明,按完全抗剪连接设计的试件破坏形态与适筋梁相似,具有良好的受弯承载能力和延性;当受拉区钢板采用部分抗剪连接设计时,剪跨区栓钉易剪断导致承载力明显降低;当受压区钢板采用部分抗剪连接设计时,顶层钢板易发生局部屈曲,导致试件承载力和延性有所降低。基于试验结果,给出了钢板-混凝土组合板的受弯承载力计算式,计算值与试验值吻合较好。     

群钉钢-混凝土组合件栓钉受力状态研究

芜湖公铁两用长江大桥上层公路桥采用混凝土桥面系与钢桁组合梁，连接件为栓钉，节点附近栓钉的布置为密集型大吨位．为确定芜湖桥栓钉承载力设计值，完成了3000～5000kN栓钉群钢-混凝土组合件的极限承载力试验和有限元分析．该成果已用于芜湖桥的设计．     

钢-高性能混凝土组合梁栓钉连接件抗剪性能的试验

基于10个栓钉连接件在单调荷载下的推出试验,对高性能混凝土中栓钉的破坏形态、抗剪承载力、荷载-滑移关系、变形能力等进行了研究,重点分析了混凝土类型、栓钉直径等参数对栓钉抗剪性能的影响。结果表明:栓钉在高性能混凝土中的抗剪承载力与在普通混凝土中相近;栓钉具有较好的抗剪延性与变形能力;栓钉在高性能混凝土和普通混凝土中均出现了明显的刚度退化特性,且二者的退化程度相当;栓钉焊接不宜采用普通围焊工艺。最后,在试验的基础上,初步提出了高性能混凝土中栓钉抗剪承载力的设计建议。