基于多维灰色模型及神经网络的销售预测

在时尚销售领域,如服饰、手袋、钱包等,准确的销售预测对企业非常重要.然而由于客户的需求受诸多因素的影响,要做到准确的销售预测一直是一个富有挑战性的问题.基于改进的多维灰色模型（GM（1,N））和神经网络（ANN）提出一种混合模型来预测销量,其中多维灰色模型对销售数据建模,神经网络对误差进行校正.该混合模型的优点是考虑了影响客户需求的因素与销量之间的关系.通过对阿里天猫销售数据来评估混合模型的表现,实验结果表明,所提出的混合模型的预测结果要优于其他几种销售预测模型.     

长江水质预测的建模

分析了在长江水质的评价和预测建模过程中出现的一些问题,利用灰色模型的指数特性,建立预测长江水质的GM（1,1）的改进模型。根据数据的周期波动特性,采用灰色系统理论建立了残差序列周期修正GM（1,1）模型,用复合残差来修正预报数据,提高了数据预报的准确程度和模型的适用性。     

基于小波与灰色方法的半球谐振陀螺寿命预测

半球谐振陀螺具有成本高、批量小的特点,为了在不进行1:1实验的情况下评估其性能和寿命,提出基于小波分析与灰色关联度的残差修正GM(1,1)寿命预测方法。将小波变换引入半球谐振陀螺寿命预测中,利用2种紧支撑标准正交小波对半球谐振陀螺的漂移数据降噪处理以削弱序列的随机性,使用残差修正GM(1,1)模型对4个型号不同的半球谐振陀螺进行多周期数据预测,结合灰色关联分析方法得到半球谐振陀螺的预测寿命。实验结果显示,残差修正GM(1,1)对半球谐振陀螺预处理后漂移数据的预测精度高于GM(1,1)预测方法,表明该预测方法的正确性和有效性。     

基于灰色Elman神经网络软件可靠性预测模型

针对当前软件可靠性预测模型在随机性和动态性较强的可靠性现场数据中存在预测精度波动比较大、适应性比较差的问题,提出一种基于灰色Elman神经网络的软件可靠性预测模型。首先使用灰色GM（1,1）模型对失效数据进行预测,弱化其随机性;然后采用Elman神经网络对GM（1,1）的预测残差进行建模预测,捕捉其动态性变化规律;最后将GM（1,1）预测值和Elman神经网络残差预测值相结合得到最终的预测结果。使用航班查询系统的现场失效数据集进行了模型仿真实验,并将灰色Elman神经网络预测模型与反向传播（BP）神经网络、Elman神经网络预测模型进行比较,其对应的均方误差（MSE）和平均相对误差（MRE）分别为105.1、270.9、207.5和0.0011、0.0021、0.0016,并且灰色Elman神经网络预测模型的误差均为最小值。实验结果表明该模型具有较好的预测精度。     

基于灰色模型和自适应过滤的网络流量预测

提出一种新的网络流量预测方法。该方法根据网络流量历史值用灰色模型GM（1,1）进行预测,并用自适应过滤法对GM（1,1）预测时产生的残差进行修正,从而达到较高的预测精度。该方法综合了GM（1,1）预测所需原始数据少、方法简单等特点,具有较高的应用价值。实验结果表明,该方法是有效可行的。     

基于经验模态分解的混合软件可靠性预测模型

基于经验模态分解结合支持向量回归算法与灰色系统理论提出一种混合软件可靠性预测模型,通过对原始软件失效数据使用经验模态分解方法进行预处理,将失效数据分解得到不同频段的本征模态分量和剩余分量,用支持向量回归算法对本征模态分量进行预测,用灰色系统模型GM（1,1）对剩余分量进行预测,然后将预测结果进行重构,得到最终软件可靠性预测值。为了验证所提混合预测模型的有效性,利用两组真实软件失效数据,与SVR可靠性预测模型和GM（1,1）可靠性预测模型进行实验对比分析,实验结果表明,所提混合预测模型较这两种可靠性预测模型具有更精确的预测精度。     

一种基于GM的无损图像压缩

本文提出了一种新的GM（1,1）模型,可以在灰度图像无损压缩中实现预测误差编码。目前常用的无损图像压缩方法都是利用相邻数据组合除去数据中存在的相关性。局部或相邻像素间存在一定的灰色关联度,基于此,本文提出两预测算法：建立在GM（1,1）基础上的灰色预测模型（GMP）和快速灰色预测模型（FGMP）,并构建非线性预测模式,进行了无损图像压缩,比较传统方法有效小的bpp值。     

混合预测模型在网络性能预测中的应用

分析比较不同预测模型的特点及应用条件,基于一次指数平滑模型、二次指数平滑模型和灰色系统模型GM（1,1）,提出并设计能适应网络性能数据序列的混合预测模型。实际应用证明,该模型预测效果良好,能够较好地实现一段时间内的网络性能预测任务。     

含分数阶多项式的离散灰色预测模型及其应用

为了进一步提高含时间幂次项的灰色预测模型的拟合预测精度,通过引入分数阶多项式,提出灰作用量优化的FPDGM(1,1,N)预测模型.在经典的DGM(1,1,$ N $)模型的基础上,将灰作用量整数阶多项式拓展为分数阶多项式,使得构造的模型能够生成更加贴近于一般特征的时间响应序列,从而得到拟合预测精度更高的灰色预测模型.对该模型的建模机理、参数估计、递推时间响应式等进行研究,并讨论模型参数几种特殊取值下该模型的性质.研究表明:DGM(1,1)模型、NDGM(1,1)模型和DGM(1,1,N)模型等均是FPDGM(1,1,N)模型的特殊形式,因此,该模型在形式上统一了现有的含时间幂次项灰色模型,扩大了灰色预测理论的应用范围.最后通过实验表明,所提出的新模型具有更好的拟合和预测精度,从而验证了所构建模型的有效性和适用性.     

融合粗糙集和灰色GM（1，N）的西安市供水量预测

对于多变量预测问题,构造了粗糙集和灰色理论的融合预测模型。该模型运用粗糙集的知识依赖度理论对多属性进行约简,在约简基础上建立GM（1,N）模型。用所建模型对西安市年供水量进行了拟合和预测,并与离散灰色GM（1,1）模型作比较。实验结果表明该模型的预测精度高于传统的用灰关联度选择影响因子建模,从而为供水量预测问题提供了一种新方法。     

An empirical study of intelligent expert systems on forecasting of fashion color trend

Forecasting future color trend is a crucially important and challenging task in the fashion industry including design, production and sales. In particular, the trend of fashion color is highly volatile. Without advanced methods, it is very hard to make fashion color trend forecasting with reasonably high accuracy, and it is a handicap for development of the intelligent expert systems in fashion industry. As a result, many prior works have employed traditional regression models like ARIMA or intelligent models such as artificial neural network (ANN) and grey model (GM) for conducting color trend forecasting. However, the reported accuracies of these forecasting methods vary a lot, and there are controversies in the literature on these models’ performances. As a result, in this paper, we systematically compare the performances of ARIMA, ANN and GM models and their extended family methods. With real data analysis, our results show that the ANN family models, especially for Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) with Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), outperform the other models for forecasting fashion color trend.     

改进布谷鸟算法优化混合核LSSVM的卷烟销售量预测

为了提高卷烟销售量预测精度,提出了基于一种改进布谷鸟算法（MCS）优化混合核最小二支持向量机（LSSVM）的卷烟销售量预测模型（MCS-LSSVM）。收集卷烟销售量数据,并构建LSSVM学习样本,然后混合核函数的LSSVM对样本进行训练,并采用改进布谷鸟算法对混合核函数参数进行优化,最后建立卷烟销售量预测模型,并用于某卷烟公司卷烟销售的预测。结果表明,相对于对比模型,ICS-LSSVM模型获得了更优的建模效果和更高的预测精度。     

环境空气SO2和NO2浓度的GA_ANN预测模型研究

空气中污染物浓度的预测是一个复杂的非线性问题。国内外的研究表明神经网络能够比回归模型更好地预报空气污染物。设计并实现了将用于选择最优预报因子的遗传算法和神经网络算法相结合的GA_ANN空气质量预测模型,利用某市2003~2006年的数据建立神经网络空气质量预测模型,对该市2007年全年SO₂和NO₂的预测实验表明,GA_ANN模型比单纯的神经网络模型具有更高的预报精度。     

A hybrid SARIMA wavelet transform method for sales forecasting

Time series forecasting, as an important tool in many decision support systems, has been extensively studied and applied for sales forecasting over the past few decades. There are many well-established and widely-adopted forecasting methods such as linear extrapolation and SARIMA. However, their performance is far from perfect and it is especially true when the sales pattern is highly volatile. In this paper, we propose a hybrid forecasting scheme which combines the classic SARIMA method and wavelet transform (SW). We compare the performance of SW with (i) pure SARIMA, (ii) a forecasting scheme based on linear extrapolation with seasonal adjustment (CSD + LESA), and (iii) evolutionary neural networks (ENN). We illustrate the significance of SW and establish the conditions that SW outperforms pure SARIMA and CSD + LESA. We further study the time series features which influence the forecasting accuracy, and we propose a method for conducting sales forecasting based on the features of the given sales time series. Experiments are conducted by using real sales data, hypothetical data, and publicly available data sets. We believe that the proposed hybrid method is highly applicable for forecasting sales in the industry.     

Financial forecasting using ANFIS networks with Quantum-behaved Particle Swarm Optimization

To be successful in financial market trading it is necessary to correctly predict future market trends. Most professional traders use technical analysis to forecast future market prices. In this paper, we present a new hybrid intelligent method to forecast financial time series, especially for the Foreign Exchange Market (FX). To emulate the way real traders make predictions, this method uses both historical market data and chart patterns to forecast market trends. First, wavelet full decomposition of time series analysis was used as an Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) input data for forecasting future market prices. Also, Quantum-behaved Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) for tuning the ANFIS membership functions has been used. The second part of this paper proposes a novel hybrid Dynamic Time Warping (DTW)-Wavelet Transform (WT) method for automatic pattern extraction. The results indicate that the presented hybrid method is a very useful and effective one for financial price forecasting and financial pattern extraction.     

基于粗集的产品色彩预测系统研究

针对传统人工预测流行色方法效率低、费用高的问题,采用决策表知识表达技术和模糊集合方法构建了流行色知识仓库,结合可辨识矩阵理论和粗集理论提出流行色预测知识挖掘算法,该算法可根据流行色知识库建立条件属性和决策属性依赖关系,从而完成流行色的预测推理。开发了基于粗集理论的智能化流行色预测系统,并以服装产品为例预测流行色测,结果表明该系统可准确预测未来短期内的流行色。     

An artificial neural network (p, d, q) model for timeseries forecasting

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are flexible computing frameworks and universal approximators that can be applied to a wide range of time series forecasting problems with a high degree of accuracy. However, despite all advantages cited for artificial neural networks, their performance for some real time series is not satisfactory. Improving forecasting especially time series forecasting accuracy is an important yet often difficult task facing forecasters. Both theoretical and empirical findings have indicated that integration of different models can be an effective way of improving upon their predictive performance, especially when the models in the ensemble are quite different. In this paper, a novel hybrid model of artificial neural networks is proposed using auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models in order to yield a more accurate forecasting model than artificial neural networks. The empirical results with three well-known real data sets indicate that the proposed model can be an effective way to improve forecasting accuracy achieved by artificial neural networks. Therefore, it can be used as an appropriate alternative model for forecasting task, especially when higher forecasting accuracy is needed.     

A moving-average filter based hybrid ARIMA–ANN model for forecasting time series data

A suitable combination of linear and nonlinear models provides a more accurate prediction model than an individual linear or nonlinear model for forecasting time series data originating from various applications. The linear autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and nonlinear artificial neural network (ANN) models are explored in this paper to devise a new hybrid ARIMA–ANN model for the prediction of time series data. Many of the hybrid ARIMA–ANN models which exist in the literature apply an ARIMA model to given time series data, consider the error between the original and the ARIMA-predicted data as a nonlinear component, and model it using an ANN in different ways. Though these models give predictions with higher accuracy than the individual models, there is scope for further improvement in the accuracy if the nature of the given time series is taken into account before applying the models. In the work described in this paper, the nature of volatility was explored using a moving-average filter, and then an ARIMA and an ANN model were suitably applied. Using a simulated data set and experimental data sets such as sunspot data, electricity price data, and stock market data, the proposed hybrid ARIMA–ANN model was applied along with individual ARIMA and ANN models and some existing hybrid ARIMA–ANN models. The results obtained from all of these data sets show that for both one-step-ahead and multistep-ahead forecasts, the proposed hybrid model has higher prediction accuracy.     

Retracted: A hybrid artificial intelligence sales‐forecasting system in the convenience store industry

Recently, there has been increasing interest in computer‐aided ergonomics and its applications, such as in the fields of intelligent robots, intelligent mobiles, intelligent stores, and so on. The operation of convenience stores (CVS) in Taiwan is facing a crossover revolution by providing multiple services, including daily fresh foods, a café, ticketing, and a grocery. Therefore, forecasting the daily sales of fresh foods is getting more and more complex due to the influence of both internal and external factors. Eventually, a reliable sales‐forecasting system will play an important role in improving business strategies and increasing competitive advantages. The purpose of this study is the development of an enhanced hybrid sales‐forecasting model of fresh foods, called ECFM (Enhanced Cluster and Forecast Model), for CVSs by combining a self‐organization map (SOM) neural network and radial basis function (RBF) neural networks. The model is evaluated for a six‐month sales data set of daily fresh foods at a chained CVS in Taiwan. Meanwhile, the performance of the proposed model is compared with that of fuzzy neural network (FNN) and cluster and forecast model (CFM). The result reveals that the proposed model is not only amenable but can also promise the fresh food sales forecasting for CVSs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.