关于新型垂直筛板的初步探讨——流体力学

本文对于日本三井公司所提出的两种新型垂直筛板进行了初步测试与分析,在此基础上提出了旋流VST(T型)及半旋流VST(HT型)两种帽罩。对于上述塔板的干板及湿板压降以及提升量进行了测定,并分别进行了关联,得到经验关联式。此外,对于此种塔板的操作下限也进行了测定。     

气-固流化床层与水平埋管壁面之间的传热

本文对气固流化床的床层与其中水平埋设的单管壁面之间的传热过程进行了传热机理的分析。进而将本文的实验结果与国外文献中所提出的传热系数关联式进行了比较。 本文实验中流化床层内埋设的水平单管(D_T=30毫米)采用了黄砂((?)_p=0.367毫米)与徐州煤((?)_p=1.355毫米)作为流化颗粒物料,对三种静止床高(H_o=35、73、90毫米),在不同流化质量速度(G=0.7～1.8公斤/米~2·秒)等情况下,进行了大量实验,整理后提出了可适用于黄砂、煤粒的关联式。 在有关工程设计计算中,采用本文推荐的关联式或Vreedenberg的关联式已够准确且较简便。     

筛板精馏塔点效率的经验关联

在Oldershow玻璃筛板塔中,用四种两组元物系分别在两种筛板开孔率下进行精馏试验,回归得到的点效率经验关联式为。 E_(OL)=0.00935Sc_L~(0.15)Dg~(0.222)Re_O~(0.365) 本文还提出利用涡流扩散模型进行放大的方法。     

水解聚丙烯酰胺盐水溶液表观粘度的数学模拟(Ⅲ)——表观粘度与剪切速率的通用关系式

通过对水解聚丙烯酰胺盐水溶液的流动曲线的分析,提出了两点假设.据此分别建立了Meter-Bird式常数γ_(1/2)和P_α与零剪切粘度η_0间的经验式,及表观粘度η_α和剪切速率γ间的通用 Meter-Bird式.用此方程式与本文(Ⅰ)报通用 MHS方程式和(Ⅱ)报式(4) 联用,模拟水解聚丙烯酰胺盐水溶液的表观粘度,取得了较好的结果.     

水解聚丙烯酰胺盐水溶液表观粘度的数学模拟(Ⅲ)——表观粘度与剪切速率的通用关系式

通过对水解聚丙烯酰胺盐水溶液的流动曲线的分析,提出了两点假设.据此分别建立了Meter-Bird式常数γ_(1/2)和P_α与零剪切粘度η_0间的经验式,及表观粘度η_α和剪切速率γ间的通用 Meter-Bird式.用此方程式与本文(Ⅰ)报通用 MHS方程式和(Ⅱ)报式(4) 联用,模拟水解聚丙烯酰胺盐水溶液的表观粘度,取得了较好的结果.     

邻、间、对—4—(甲氧基取代苯甲酰基)—PMP的合成及对铀(Ⅵ)的萃取性能研究

本文报导邻、间、对—4—(甲氧基取代苯甲酰基)—PMP等四个螯合萃取剂(1—Ⅳ的合成及萃取性能的研究,其中两个是新化合物。利用结晶法首次分别制备了它们的酮式和烯醇式两种异构体。通过元素分析、红外、紫外等确定了它们的结构,研究了四个化合物对UO_2~(2+)的萃取性能,与PMBP进行了比较。在pH=3时,其萃取能力的大小顺序是:Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ>PMBP>Ⅳ利用斜率法分别测定和计算了Ⅰ—Ⅳ铀(Ⅵ)萃合物的组成。     

散式流化和聚式流化的BP神经网络识别

由于流化系统的复杂性和非线性的特性,到目前为止,仍没有一个能很好地判断这两类流态化的可靠方法,而人工神经网络能够进行复杂的逻辑操作和实现对非线性系统流型的识别。由此,在文献数据(含15种颗粒和11种流体)的基础上,利用三层BP人工神经网络,提出了一种识别散式流化和聚式流化的新方法。以经过归一化处理的3个无因次准数(ρp-ρf)／ρf、Remf和Frmf(判别因子)作为神经网络的三个输入结点,以散式流化、过渡状态和聚式流化对应于神经网络的三个输出结点,由训练样本集得到隐层结点数等最佳网络参数,然后对待测样本进行了流型识别。研究结果表明,神经网络用于散式流化和聚式流化的模式识别,结果与实际较一致。新方法优于传统的识别方法,具有较好的应用前景。     

R23＋R116系汽液相平衡的测量与数据拟合

利用气相循环法的实验装置测量了R23（三氟甲烷）＋R116（六氟乙烷）二元体系在5个温度（194.33,199.71,214.90,229.63,244.94 K）下的汽液相平衡数据,利用Peng-Robinson(PR)状态方程和Soave-Redlich-Kwong(SRK)状态方程分别与Huron-Vidal(HV)混合规则相结合的两个模型对实验数据进行关联,提出了模型参数的关联式,并将两个模型的计算结果进行对比。结果表明：PR-HV模型对此二元系的关联结果较好,其压力计算值与实验值的相对偏差的平均值为0.29％,摩尔分数计算值与实验值的绝对偏差的平均值为0.0006。     

新的(dlnγ_1/dx_1)_(x_1)=0关联式和汽液平衡的预测

提出一个新的无限稀释活度系数的斜率关联式(dlnγ_1/dx_1)_x_1=0,与适当的过量自由焓G~E模型相结合可用于计算两参数过量自由焓的模型参数,进而预测整个浓度范围的汽液平衡。 分别用本文提出的方法和UNIFAC方法对118个等温互溶二元系和47个等压互溶二元系作了汽液平衡预測,并与有关文献数据进行比较评定。结果表明,本方法预測精度令人满意,绝大多数体系预测结果优于UNIFAC或与之相当。     

用群子统计模型理论探讨汽-液平衡方程式

本文根据群集统计理论,提出了溶液的群子统计模型,进而推导了汽-液平衡组成关联式。该关联式通过简单的表达式归纳了相对挥发度(α)、串入群子的速率比(r_1、r_2)、群子的形态因子(a_1、a_2)和汽-液两元组成比(x_1/x_2、y_1/y_2)之间的定量关系。实验数据的理论分析表明本文所提出的关联式具有很大的普遍性,并且给出相当良好的计算精度。 为了检验本文模型的可靠性,选择了各种类型的汽-液平衡体系,并同其他计算方法(Margules、van Laar、Wilson、NRTL和UNIQUAC方法)的结果作了对比,其结果表明本文所提出的群子模型具有独特的优点。     

双酚A在苯酚-丙酮-水中溶解度测定与关联

采用差示扫描量热法,以升温扫描速率2K-min^-1,测定了双酚A分别在溶剂苯酚及二元混合溶剂苯酚-丙酮、苯酚．水和三元混合溶剂苯酚．丙酮．水中的溶解度数据,溶质及各溶剂的浓度范围分别为：双酚A 7％～30％(wt)：苯酚70％～93％(wt);丙酮0%～5％(wt)：水0%～5％(wt)。为每一物系,提出了关联实验数据温度与溶解度关系的数学方程式,方程式参数不超过4个,并根据最小二乘法拟合得到。对每一物系进行关联,关于温度的均方根偏差分别为036K,0．68K．0．68K和0．78K,关联结果十分成功。实验结果可用于双酚A结晶过程。     

SYNERGISTIC EFFECT IN THE EXTRACTION OP PHENOL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS WITH MIXTURES OF N-BUTYLACETATE AND ACETOPHENONE

Equilibrium data are reported for the extraction of phenol at 288, 293 and 298 K with n-butyl acetate (NBA), acetophenone (AP) and mixtures of NBA + AP and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIK) + AP. A synergistic behaviour is observed for the system phenol-water-(NBA/AP). Several equations have been used to correlate the experimental data: van't Hoff, Redlich-Kister and other polynomial equations. Reported data were compared with those available in the literature.     

Optimization by full factorial design of the emulsifying properties of ethanol insoluble fraction from rapeseed lecithin

Rapeseed lecithin ethanol insoluble fraction (LEIF), was acetylated and optimum conditions for improving LEIF emulsifying property were determined. The effects of reaction time, pyridine amount and temperature on phosphatidyl ethanolamine conversion degree (PECD) and emulsion stability index (ESI) have been described in the form of regression equations. A full factorial design method was used. Regression equations for the maximum value of response functions and computation results were calculated and compared with those obtained in control experiments. Acetylation of rapeseed LEIF with the use of calculated optimal parameters led to 35% and 60% increments in PECD and ESI, respectively.     

A new mathematical solution for predicting char activation reactions

The differential conservation equations that describe typical gas-solid reactions, such as activation of coal chars, yield a set of coupled second-order partial differential equations. The solution of these coupled equations by exact analytical methods is impossible. In addition, an approximate or exact solution only provides predictions for either reaction- or diffusion-controlling cases. A new mathematical solution, the quantize method (QM), was applied to predict the gasification rates of coal char when both chemical reaction and diffusion through the porous char are present. Carbon conversion rates predicted by the QM were in closer agreement with the experimental data than those predicted by the random pore model and the simple particle model.     

Publications Sponsored by the Colour Measurement Committee-VI

A set of gloss-paint samples exhibiting large (10–25 CIE units) colour differences has been prepared. Visual assessments have been made under different viewing conditions. The results substantiate the view that visual assessments vary markedly with the size of sample and, together with earlier work (2), show that assessments also vary with the size of the colour difference. Thus, colour-difference equations can correlate well with visual assessments only for given conditions. Existing equations apply best to conditions very different from those encountered in industry. It should not be too difficult to develop a more suitable equation for industrial use, given sufficient experimental data obtained under appropriate viewing conditions.     

两个液体蒸汽压关联方程式的提出——用于高压范围的考察

提出了液体蒸汽压的半理论关联方程式(Ⅰ)logP=A-B/T~N和经验性改进的Antoine方程式(Ⅱ)logP=A-B/T-C+DT~M.用(Ⅰ)、(Ⅱ)、Antoine方程式(Ⅲ)logP=A-B/T-C和Thodos等的方程式(Ⅳ)lohP=A-B/T~N+CT~M对68种物质的近期(1962年一1982年)“高压范围”的1631数据点分别进行拟合,结果表明,它们都能适用于直到临界点的压力范围.总平均百分误差ε_(nv)对三常数方程式约为0.4,对四常数方程式改为0.2.对于四常数方程式,M值的影响不明显,一般可用M=1.列出了68种物质的方程式(Ⅰ)和(Ⅱ)的常数值.对于一般计算,上述两个三常数方程式(Ⅰ)和(Ⅲ)可以满足要求,在数学处理上(Ⅰ)较方便.     

THE MODIFIED PGR EQUATION OF STATE: ASYMMETRIC MIXTURE VLE REPRESENTATIONS AND PREDICTIONS

A set of mixing rules was proposed for the modified Park-Gasem-Robinson (PGR) equation of state (EOS) to extend its predictions to mixtures. The phase behavior predictive capability of this segment-segment interaction model was evaluated for selected binary asymmetric mixtures involving ethane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen in normal paraffins. The predicted bubble point pressures for the ethane + n-paraffin and carbon dioxide + n-paraffin binaries were compared to those of the Peng-Robinson (PR), simplified perturbed hard-chain theory (SPHCT), and original PGR equations. The a priori predictive capability of the modified PGR EOS is significantly better than that of the PR, SPHCT, and original PGR equations of state for ethane binaries with absolute-average percent deviation (%AAD) of 5%. However, this EOS produces comparable representations for ethane binaries (%AAD of 1.9%) and carbon dioxide binaries (%AAD of 2.0). For hydrogen binaries, the modified PGR EOS showed much better representations (%AAD of 1.7) than the original PGR equation and was comparable to the PR equation.     

THE MODIFIED PGR EQUATION OF STATE: ASYMMETRIC MIXTURE VLE REPRESENTATIONS AND PREDICTIONS

A set of mixing rules was proposed for the modified Park-Gasem-Robinson (PGR) equation of state (EOS) to extend its predictions to mixtures. The phase behavior predictive capability of this segment-segment interaction model was evaluated for selected binary asymmetric mixtures involving ethane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen in normal paraffins. The predicted bubble point pressures for the ethane + n-paraffin and carbon dioxide + n-paraffin binaries were compared to those of the Peng-Robinson (PR), simplified perturbed hard-chain theory (SPHCT), and original PGR equations. The a priori predictive capability of the modified PGR EOS is significantly better than that of the PR, SPHCT, and original PGR equations of state for ethane binaries with absolute-average percent deviation (%AAD) of 5%. However, this EOS produces comparable representations for ethane binaries (%AAD of 1.9%) and carbon dioxide binaries (%AAD of 2.0). For hydrogen binaries, the modified PGR EOS showed much better representations (%AAD of 1.7) than the original PGR equation and was comparable to the PR equation.     

The mathematical expression of rate constants in empirical rate of dyeing equations in disperse dyeing

The relationship between the rate constants in empirical rate of dyeing equations and the diffusion coefficient of dye in the fibre have been clarified by means of a statistical curve fitting method, where the rate of dyeing curves calculated from the theoretical equations (those of Wilson and Newman) have been compared with those from the empirical equations in the range M_t/M∞ from zero to about 0.8. The comparisons revealed that many of the empirical equations are suitable for describing the dyeing rate when there is a delay of dye sorption in the early stages, and one of them is useful for determining the dyeing rate when there is rapid dye sorption at the initial stages. The fact that these empirical equations fit well to practical dyeing can be explained in terms of the sorption delay caused by the stagnant solution layer surrounding the fibres.