机械去骨鸡肉在肉制品中的应用

机械去骨鸡是应用骨肉分离技术加工而成的一种廉价味鲜的新原料,根据一些肉制品厂家的使用经验对该原料的用法、用量及效益进行了探讨.     

机械去骨

<正>机械去骨,即用机械的手段,使畜禽,鱼类等附着于骨骼上的肉从骨上分离下来,从而更充分地利用这些动物蛋白的方法.这种方法     

班产10吨禽骨肉糜生产流水线及主要设备研究

介绍了一套班产10 t禽骨肉糜的生产流水线。着重介绍了流水线中主要设备工作原理、性能参数、功能实现方式、技术特点等。阐述了该套生产线的应用对国民经济相关领域发展、行业进步等方面的积极作用。     

肉糜的乳化及斩拌终点的研究进展

介绍了肉糜乳化的基本原理,阐述了斩拌时间、斩拌温度、肥瘦比、淀粉添加量、pH等因素对肉糜乳化的影响,并在此基础上综合讨论了斩拌终点的研究方法,为肉糜制品实际生产提供参考.     

肉糜的乳化及斩拌终点的研究进展

介绍了肉糜乳化的基本原理,阐述了斩拌时间、斩拌温度、肥瘦比、淀粉添加量、pH等因素对肉糜乳化的影响,并在此基础上综合讨论了斩拌终点的研究方法,为肉糜制品实际生产提供参考。      

芦丁对冷藏猪肉糜脂肪和蛋白氧化及品质特性的影响

研究不同浓度(0、0.05、0.1和0.2 g/kg)的多酚物质芦丁对冷藏猪肉糜的抗氧化效果及其对肉糜品质特性的影响,并以0.2 g/kg叔丁基羟基茴香醚(butylhydroxyanisole,BHA)作为对照,测定了硫代巴比妥酸值(TBARS值)、总巯基含量、羰基含量、表面疏水性以及猪肉糜的色泽、蒸煮损失和质构特性。结果表明:芦丁对TBARS生成、总巯基损失、表面疏水性的增加具有一定的抑制作用,但对羰基含量不具有抑制作用,且高浓度芦丁反而促进了羰基氧化产物的生成;芦丁能提高肉糜红度值,减少蒸煮损失,并能提高熟肉糜的硬度和弹性等质构特性。因此,适量的芦丁对抑制猪肉脂肪和蛋白氧化以及改善其品质特性具有较好的作用。     

没食子酸对猪肉糜脂肪和蛋白氧化的抑制作用及对肉糜品质特性的影响

为研究没食子酸对冷藏（4 ℃,9 d）猪肉糜脂肪和蛋白氧化的抑制作用及对肉糜品质的影响,将没食子酸添加到猪肉糜中（0、0.05、0.10、0.20 g/kg）,添加0.20 g/kg叔丁基羟基茴香醚（butylated hydroxyanisole,BHA）作为对照组,对肉糜的硫代巴比妥酸（thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,TBARs）值、总巯基含量、羰基含量、表面疏水性、色泽及蒸煮损失进行分析。结果表明：空白组猪肉糜的TBARs值显著增加,蛋白质总巯基含量降低,羰基含量增加,表面疏水性升高,红度值降低,蒸煮损失增加;没食子酸的添加降低了TBARs值的增加幅度,抑制了羰基化合物的生成和表面疏水性的增加,并且随着贮藏时间的增加,能够减少总疏基含量的损失,降低脂肪氧化和蛋白氧化的程度,没食子酸还有利于猪肉糜红度的保持,但对蒸煮损失无改善作用。因此,没食子酸可作为天然抗氧化剂应用于肉及肉制品中。     

亲水胶体改善低脂乳化肉糜制品品质的研究进展

动物脂肪对乳化肉糜制品的多汁性以及风味起着重要作用,但是其含有大量的饱和脂肪酸和胆固醇,过量摄入会对人体造成潜在的危害。然而,单纯地降低乳化肉糜制品中的脂肪含量会对产品的品质产生负面影响。因此,如何降低乳化肉糜制品中的脂肪含量并改善产品的品质已经成为肉类工业中亟待解决的问题。不同来源（植物源、动物源、微生物源以及合成）的亲水胶体因其良好的增稠、凝胶、稳定、保水以及乳化能力,可以在一定程度上赋予低脂产品润滑、醇厚的口感来达到降低乳化肉糜制品的脂肪含量并改善最终产品的品质特性的目的。因此,本文全面综述了亲水胶体改善低脂乳化肉糜制品品质的机制,以及不同来源的亲水胶体改善低脂乳化肉糜制品品质特性的应用情况,为生产新型健康的低脂乳化肉糜制品提供理论依据。     

牛肉肉糜类制品加工技术研究进展

随着经济的发展,人们对物质生活的需求不断提升,以低胆固醇、高蛋白含量为代表的牛肉产品逐渐受到大众青睐,牛肉肉糜类产品种类也日益增多,成为广大消费者日常饮食的重要组成部分。本文概述了当前牛肉肉糜制品的主要种类,对牛肉肠、牛肉脯、牛肉饼、牛肉馅、牛肉丸、牛肉发酵香肠和牛肉膨化食品等牛肉肉糜产品的生产技术、品质与保鲜技术等进行了比较系统的阐述,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

亲水胶体取代肉糜脂肪的研究

本实验按现在通行的肉糜加工方法加工样品,并在样品中添加不同水平的大豆分离蛋白、魔芋精粉、黄原胶、卡拉胶取代部分脂肪,研究了各水平含量对肉糜凝胶强度、持水性、加热稳定性、乳化稳定性的影响.通过正交试验筛选出最佳配方水平为大豆分离蛋白 2.0%,魔芋精粉2.0%,黄原胶0.4%和卡拉胶0.3%.对最佳配方亲水胶体作成的肉糜制品在不同温度、不同加热时间下进行感官评定,确定在含水量35%,100℃加热1.5h条件下肉糜品质最好.     

Quality of comminuted sausages formulated from mechanically deboned poultry meat

Comminuted sausages formulated with mechanically deboned poultry meat-MDPM (turkey or chicken, frame or neck) treated in different ways before production (vacuum packed MDPM or air packed skeletons deboned at production) and stored frozen for 6 or 18 weeks have been studied using a full-factorial design and chemical, physical and sensory analysis. MDPM was obtained from a Beehive separator. Comminuted sausages with MDPM from turkey frames, stored at -25?°C as skeletons, packed in air for 18 weeks developed marked rancid odour and flavour which could also be detected by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the concentration of volatile compounds. Vacuum packed mechanically deboned meat irrespective of species and carcass part could be stored for up to 18 weeks and used in formulation of sausages without any serious changes in their sensory profiles. Instrumental colour differences between sausages were mainly due to species. Turkey sausages were darker, redder and less yellow than chicken sausages. Moisture and fat contents were influenced by carcass part and to a lesser extent depended on species and storage time. Principal least squares regression (PLS2) showed close relationships between instrumental parameters and sensory attributes. TBARS, hexanal and volatile compounds were highly correlated with rancid flavour while redness (a(?)) was strongly related to sensory colour hue and colour strength.     

Estimating calcium in mechanically deboned poultry meat by oxidimetry and atomic absorption spectrophotometry

In samples taken over six months from 68 lots of mechanically deboned poultry meat, from several Dutch meat producers, average calcium content by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) was 2·36 g/kg. As AAS requires expensive equipment, laboratories less well equipped need something less sophisticated. A series of ten meat samples with increasing calcium content was analysed by two oxidimetric methods and by AAS. For in-plant quality control to a maximum calcium content of 2·5 g/kg the oxidimetric methods seemed sufficiently precise and repeatable because a confidence interval of 0·40 g/kg (P = 0·95) was found for analysis on duplicate subsamples. The relationship between the oxidimetric method of Peter (1966) and AAS could not be explained completely, whereas the oxidimetric method of AOAC corresponded well with AAS. There was a significantly (α = 0·01) higher correlation (r = 0·9996) between the AOAC method and AAS, so that the AOAC method is preferred more than that of Peter.     

The influence of mechanically deboned meat and pH on the water-holding capacity and texture of emulsion type meat products

The influence of the amount of mechanically deboned pork meat (MDM) on the quality of model 'Frankfurters' was studied, and the relationship between the pH of the blends versus the texture and water-holding capacity (WHC) of the finished products was investigated. In the experiments 2·9%, 5·8% and 11·6% pork loin were exchanged with MDM. It was found that addition of MDM increased the pH and the WHC, and that moderate addition of MDM resulted in greater yield stress and elasticity modulus, while higher concentrations of MDM resulted in very soft texture. The pH of the meat blends was very important for the functional properties of the pasteurized products. It made no difference whether pH was determined by the meat raw materials alone or adjusted through addition of NaOH or MDM.     

Casein peptides with inhibitory activity on lipid oxidation in beef homogenates and mechanically deboned poultry meat

Bioactive peptides obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of casein may have antioxidant activity. In this work, casein peptides were obtained using the proteolytic enzymes Alcalase and Flavourzyme. Casein was hydrolyzed for 4 h at 50 °C and pH 8, and the resulting peptides were analyzed. The enzymatic hydrolysis with Flavourzyme resulted in higher concentration of soluble protein and free amino acids, and produced peptides with lower molecular mass than those obtained with Alcalase, as observed by gel permeation chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Casein peptides obtained with Flavourzyme also exhibited greater antioxidant capacity using the ABTS radical method. Casein peptides (20 mg ml⁻¹) effectively inhibited lipid peroxidation in ground beef homogenates and mechanically deboned poultry meat. Casein peptides may be useful in meat processing as another naturally occurring antioxidant, helping to prevent off-flavor formation in meat products and increasing shelf life.     

Effects of the addition of mechanically deboned poultry meat and collagen fibers on quality characteristics of frankfurter-type sausages

The effects of mechanically deboned poultry meat (MDPM) and levels of collagen fibers on comminuted, cooked sausage quality characteristics were investigated using the central composite rotatable design of response surface methodology (RSM). Use of collagen fiber as an additive affected the sausage characteristics, but the effect depended on the amount of the MDPM used. While MDPM additions resulted in higher cooking loss and darker and redder frankfurters, the addition of collagen fibers improved cooking yields and contributed to the lightness of the final product. Higher collagen fiber content was also accompanied by a significant increase in frankfurter hardness regardless of the MDPM content. Use of collagen fibers countered the negative effects of MDPM on sausage quality attributes, especially on cooking yields and final product color.     

Biological evaluation of mechanically deboned chicken meat protein quality

Mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) is a meat product obtained by crushing tissues after meat removal and is largely used in meat products. Protein quality of flour prepared from defatted MDCM and from fresh chicken breast meat (FCBM) was chemically and biologically evaluated by rat growth and nitrogen balance studies. Proximate chemical composition, on a dry basis, of MDCM and FCBM showed protein contents of 90.5% and 82.2%, lipid contents of 3.0% and 13.2% and ash contents of 6.1% and 4.2%, respectively. There was a relatively good balance of essential amino acids in both samples although lysine was in low concentration in MDCM being a limiting amino acid. Feeding of flour diets resulted in high protein efficiency ratio, a high net protein utilization and high nitrogen balance, thus showing a high biological value and also high true digestibility and, consistently, NPU for both samples is similar to casein.     

Effect of gamma radiation on refrigerated mechanically deboned chicken meat quality

Samples of mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) were irradiated in the frozen form with doses of 0.0, 3.0 and 4.0 kGy, stored at 2±1?°C and evaluated for their sensory characteristics, color, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total psychrotrophic bacterial count for up to 12 days. The sensory analysis showed that volatile compounds associated with the odor irradiation produces, were dissipated from the samples of irradiated MDCM during storage and that the oxidation odor perceived in the samples irradiated with doses of 3.0 and 4.0 kGy was more pronounced (P<0.05) than in the non-irradiated samples, as from the 8th and 12th day of refrigeration, respectively, in agreement with the TBARS values. Irradiated MDCM showed higher values (P<0.05) for a(?) (redness) than the non-irradiated samples as from the 4th day under refrigeration. Considering the sensory analyses, color, psychrotrophic bacterial counts and TBARS analyses as a whole, the MDCM samples irradiated with doses of 0.0, 3.0 and 4.0 kGy were acceptable under refrigerated storage for 4, 10 and 6 days, respectively.     

Commercial antioxidants control lipid oxidation in mechanically deboned turkey meat

Effects of commercial rosemary antioxidants on oxidative stability of mechanically deboned turkey meat (MDTM) compared with Trolox C (vitamin E), ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and control without antioxidant were investigated. Antioxidants were added to meat at three levels. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay and dynamic headspace gas chromatography were used to assess the effects of commercial antioxidants on lipid stability of MDTM during 7 months of frozen storage. Increased levels of TBA-reactive substances (TBARS) and volatile carbonyl compounds were noticed in all meat samples during storage, however most distinctly in meat without antioxidants. Retarding effect of antioxidants on the development of oxidation depended on the level and type antioxidants. Trolox C-a water soluble, synthetic derivative of vitamin E possessed the greatest antioxidative activity reflected by the lowest values of TBARS and volatile compounds. Ascorbic acid was less efficient than Trolox C and Biolox HT-W (rosemary), but more potent than most rosemary extracts in suppressing lipid oxidation especially in the long term frozen storage MDTM. The DPPH() method confirmed that antioxidant activity depends on the concentration of active compounds present in the samples available to scavenge the free radicals formed during the storage period. Supplementation of MDTM with antioxidants could be an alternative method to prevent oxidative degradation of the meat during frozen storage when vacuum packaging is not practical.     

Cadmium and lead in muscle tissue and organs of broilers, turkeys and spent hens and in mechanically deboned poultry meat

Cadmium and lead levels have been determined in meat, livers and kidneys of turkeys, in livers and kidneys of spent hens, in kidneys of broilers and in mechanically deboned poultry meat (MDPM), by dry ashing of the sample with Mg(NO3)2 followed by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric analysis. The possible age-dependent cadmium and lead accumulation in livers and kidneys of turkeys was also studied. The cadmium concentrations in meat and organs of poultry are in good agreement with data reported for other countries, but lead concentrations were low compared with most data reported in the literature. The cadmium levels in kidneys and livers of turkeys increased with age, whilst the lead concentrations were unrelated to age. The cadmium and lead concentrations in industrially prepared MDPM from broiler carcasses were very low (less than 0.001-0.004 mg/kg and less than 0.01-0.06 mg/kg, respectively). In MDPM prepared from backs (including the kidneys) and necks, elevated cadmium concentrations were found. The increase was related to the cadmium concentrations in the kidneys. In MDPM prepared from broilers, turkeys and spent hens the cadmium concentrations varied between 0.001 and 0.002 mg/kg, 0.005 and 0.006 mg/kg and 0.007 and 0.028 mg/kg, respectively. For lead the concentrations in meat and MDPM were similar. It can be concluded from the results that in MDPM prepared from spent hens and possibly turkeys, when incorporating the kidneys, cadmium concentrations greater than 0.05 mg/kg, (the legal limit for cadmium in poultry meat in The Netherlands) may occur.