钢的屈服强度及平面应变断裂韧性和疲劳裂纹扩展速率之关系的经验表达式

测定了5CrNiMo 及3Cr2W8V 钢的疲劳裂纹扩展速率 da/dN。讨论了钢的屈服强度σ_s 及平面应变断裂韧性 K_(1C)和 da/dN 之间的关系,提出了经验表达式:da/dN=A·(△K)~2/E·σ_s·(K_(1C)-K_(max))。根据一种热处理状态下的 da/dN/△K 关系便可计算获得同种钢在其它热处理状态下的 da/dN 值。     

基于概率统计理论的da/dN-△K曲线分析方法研究

通过对高强钢(10Ni5CrMoV)裂纹扩展速率试验结果中da/dN和ΔK两列数据进行对数插值,利用概率统计理论建立p-da/dN-ΔK曲线分析方法——da/dN-ΔK成组法,并与a-N统计法作了对比研究,结果表明:在有效ΔK范围内的任一可靠度p下,da/dN-ΔK法得到的p-da/dN值均比a-N法得到的p-da/dN值大,当ΔK为最大值100 MPa·m~(0.5)时,da/dN-ΔK法得到的p_(0.99)-da/dN值比a-N法得到的p_(0.99)-da/dN值约大25%;da/dN-ΔK法获得的p-da/dN-ΔK曲线与实际试验结果中da/dN、ΔK分布符合较好,是一种获得材料p-da/dN-ΔK曲线的有效方法。     

K5定向合金高温低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率的研究

本文件对国产K5定向凝固、普通铸造合金,分别在700和950℃空气介质中,用电位法测定了低周疲裂劳纹扩展速率,并分别用线弹性断裂力学参量△K和弹塑性断裂参量△J对其实验结果进行了处理,结果表明: 1.K5合金的高温低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/dN可以用应力强度因子范围△K来表征。 2.定向和普通铸造K5合金700℃的da/dN,前者略低于后者,而950℃时,前者明显地优于后者,当△K从80增至150kg·mm~(-3/2)时,约低2.3至3.7倍。 3.700和950℃下出现1毫米长时的裂纹形成寿命N_i,定向的均比普通铸造的长,分别的为1.4和4倍。     

弹性铜合金带的弯曲疲劳试验

自行设计,制造了带材弯曲疲劳试验机。采用恒应力试样,对国产厚度为0.4mm 为铍青铜(QBe2固溶处理后,320℃3h 时效)和锡磷青铜(QSn6.5～0.1硬态)进行了弯曲疲劳试验,得出了它们的疲劳极限为,铍青铜σ_(-1)(10~7)=S45N/(mm)~2,锡磷青铜σ_(-1)(5×10~6)=154N/(mm)~2,与国外同类材料相比,锡磷青铜疲劳极限至少要低40%左右。对疲劳后的断口进行了观察。     

温度因素对LY-12CS铝合金△K_(th)及da/aN的影响

本文用中心缺口拉伸试样(CCT试样)在空气介质中测试了LY-12CS铝合金从室温到250℃的疲劳门坎值△K_(th),以及200℃三种载荷比(R=0,0.33,0.67)条件下门坎值以上的裂纹扩展速率da/dN。结果表明: (1)在试验的温度范围内,随着温度的升高,门坎值△K_(th)也随着升高; (2)在250℃以下升高温度并不提高裂纹扩展速率da/dN,而是降低了da/dN。在三种载荷比条件卜,△K从7～12kg/mm~(3/2),室温的da/dN是200℃的1～3倍。     

LY-12CS铝合金在空气和盐水介质中△K_(th)和da/dN规律的研究

本文用中心缺口拉伸试样(CCT试样)测试了LY-12CS铝合金在室温空气和3.5％NaCl水溶液介质中三种载荷比(R=0,R=0.33,R=0.67)条件下的疲劳裂纹扩展门坎值△K_(th)及da/dN,结果表明: (1)在三种载荷比条件下,盐水介质比空气介质明显地降低了△K_(th)而提高了疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/dN。在我们试验的三种载荷比△K=7～15kg/mm~(3/2)范围内,盐水介质的da/dN是空气介质的1.6～3.4倍。 (2)在两种介质中,随着载荷比R(或平均应力)的增加,门坎值△K_(th)下降而da/dN增加。     

疲劳裂纹在奥氏体／铁素体异种钢接接头中的扩展行为

采用三点弯曲试样研究了疲劳裂纹在奥氏体 /铁素体异种钢焊接接头中的扩展行为与显微组织的关系 ,测得疲劳裂纹在 Cr2 5 Ni13/ 13Cr Mo44异种钢焊接接头中的扩展速率 da/ d N,并且讨论了疲劳裂纹扩展与显微组织之间的关系。实验结果表明 ,疲劳裂纹在异种钢焊接接头熔合区中扩展的路径 ,是接头中韧性最低的热影响区过热区 ,裂纹在铁素体材料侧 ,跟随熔合线并平行于熔合线 5～ 2 5 μm扩展 ,而马氏体层对疲劳裂纹有较大的抗力 ,疲劳裂纹的扩展路径主要受组织韧性的控制。疲劳裂纹在 Cr2 5 Ni13/ 13Cr Mo44异种钢接头的扩展速率为 :da/ d N=7.0 7× 10 - 1 3(△ K ) 3.86 3     

疲劳裂纹在奥氏体/铁素体异种钢焊接接头中的扩展行为

采用三点弯曲试样研究了疲劳裂纹在奥氏体/铁素体异种钢焊接接头中的扩展行为与显微组织的关系,测得疲劳裂纹在Cr25Ni13/13CrMo44异种钢焊接接头中的扩展速率da/dN,并且讨论了疲劳裂纹扩展与显微组织之间的关系。实验结果表明,疲劳裂纹在异种钢焊接接头熔合区中扩展的路径,是接头中韧性最低的热影响区过热区,裂纹在铁素体材料侧,跟随熔合线并平行于熔合线5～25μm扩展,而马氏体层对疲劳裂纹有较大的抗力,疲劳裂纹的扩展路径主要受组织韧性的控制。疲劳裂纹在Cr25Ni13/13CrMo44异种钢接头的扩展速率为：da/dN=7.07×10-13(△K)3.863。     

温度对TC4-DT损伤容限型钛合金疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响

对TC4-DT损伤容限型钛合金在150℃,25℃下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/dN进行了测试,给出了扩展速率和应力强度因子幅值△K之间的关系曲线.用SEM对2种温度下断口形貌进行了观测,实验结果表明,150℃的疲劳裂纹扩展速率试样具有较低的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,25℃的疲劳裂纹扩展速率试样具有较低的门槛值;稳态扩展区解理断裂和条带循环机制共存,150℃的da/dN试样中的疲劳辉间距比25℃试样细;快速扩展区的断口形貌呈韧窝型静载断裂特征,150℃的da/dN试样中的韧窝比25℃试样深.     

显微组织对Ti-6Al-4V ELI合金疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响

研究了Ti-6Al-4V ELI合金板材的显微组织对疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响.用金相显微镜对不同热处理制度下该合金α和β转变组织的变化进行了观察分析.采用MTS-810低周疲劳试验机测试合金的裂纹扩展速率.通过Origin 6.0软件对数据进行处理并绘制裂纹扩展速率(△a/△N)与应力强度因子幅△K的关系曲线.结果表明:在Pairs区范围内,疲劳裂纹扩展速率对双态组织中初生α相含量的多少不敏感,而在近门槛区和快速扩展区,裂纹扩展速率对组织比较敏感;在本实验研究的条件下,细针编织状魏氏组织的da/dN<平直状片层组织的da/dN<双态组织的da/dN.     

The stress–life fatigue behaviour of aluminium alloy foams

The tension–tension and compression–compression nominal stress versus fatigue life responses of Alulight closed cell aluminium alloy foams have been measured for the compositions Al–1Mg–0.6Si and Al–1Mg–10Si (wt %), and for relative densities in the range 0.1–0.4. The fatigue strength of each foam increases with the relative density and with the mean applied stress, and is greater for the transverse orientation than for the longitudinal orientation. Under both tension–tension and compression–compression loading the dominant cyclic deformation mode appears to be material ratchetting; consequently, the fatigue life is highly sensitive to the magnitude of the applied stress. A micromechanical model is given to predict the dependence of life upon stress level and relative density. Panels containing a central hole were found to be notch insensitive for both tension–tension and compression–compression fatigue loading: the net-section strength equals the unnotched strength.     

An improved neural computing method for describing the scatter of S–N curves

The reliability evaluation of structural components under random loading is affected by several uncertainties. Proper statistical tools should be used to manage the large amount of causalities and the lack of knowledge on the actual reliability-affecting parameters. For fatigue reliability prediction of a structural component, the probability distribution of material fatigue resistance should be determined, given that the scatter of loading spectra is known and a suitable damage cumulating model is chosen. In the randomness of fatigue resistance of a material, constant amplitude fatigue test results show that at any stress level the fatigue life is a random variable. In this instance fatigue life is affected by a variety of influential factors, such as stress amplitude, mean stress, notch factor, temperature, etc. Therefore a hybrid neural computing method was proposed for describing the fatigue data trends and the statistical scatter of fatigue life under constant loading conditions for an arbitrary set of influential factors. To support the main idea, two examples are presented. It can be concluded that the improved neural computing method is suitable for describing the fatigue data trends and the scatter of fatigue life under constant loading conditions for an arbitrary set of influential factors, once the optimal neural network is designed and trained.     

泡沫陶瓷压缩性能的实验研究

研究了两种不同工艺(11#自然硬化法和22#烧结法)生产的泡沫陶瓷分别在1mm／min和5mm／min的变形速率和不同方向受到单向压缩条件下的应力—应变曲线或力—位移曲线。结果表明：泡沫陶瓷受压缩的应力—应变曲线并不具备泡沫材料受压缩的典型应力—应变曲线的三阶段特征，它没有明显的弹性变形段，只有屈服平台段和紧实段；在压缩过程中，11#泡沫陶瓷的骨架变形以弯曲为主，22#泡沫陶瓷的骨架变形主要是由局部断裂产生；泡沫陶瓷结构为各向同性。     

Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Fractional Factorial Plans

Procedures for constructing plans which permit uncorrelated estimation of all main effects and some specified number of two-factor interaction effects are developed for symmetrical factorial arrangements. These plans can then be adjusted to yield plans with similar properties for asymmetrical factorial experiments.     

Simple expressions to estimate the Manson–Coffin curves of ductile cast irons

Due to the possibility of improving and adjusting their mechanical properties using austempering heat treatments, ductile cast irons are very attractive materials for structural applications. However, for this class of materials, very few fatigue data are available for designers in the International Standards. Therefore, at least in the preliminary design phase, simple expressions to estimate the fatigue properties of these materials, taking advantage of their static properties, can be useful for designers. In the recent literature, a simple method was proposed to estimate the strain-life curve of steels based only on the Brinell hardness and the elastic modulus of the material. In this paper, the possibility of extending this approach to ductile cast irons is discussed based on a set of more than 130 fatigue data obtained by the author on ferritic, pearlitic, isothermed and austempered ductile irons.     

活塞中凸形线和椭圆曲线光学测量方法的研究

分析了目前国内外对活塞测量的常用方法和不同特点,提出了光学法非接触式测量活塞中凸形线和椭圆曲线的测量原理,并给出了误差分析和实验结果。     

New method for determining P‐S‐N curves in terms of equivalent fatigue lives

A new method for determining the P‐S‐N curves is proposed by the probabilistic analysis of the mixed samples that are composed of the testing fatigue lives and equivalent fatigue lives. The equivalent fatigue lives at each level are converted from all the testing data at all the testing levels according to the equivalent fatigue failure probability, where the life distributions are determined by the medians of logarithmic fatigue lives at respective levels and a unified coefficient of variation. Comparison results of the P‐S‐N curves of 2024‐T3 and A356.0‐T6 alloys with the different methods indicate that the new method can determine the high‐precision P‐S‐N curves with different sample sizes of the S‐N testing data, and can save testing time and improve testing efficiency, especially for the situation of large‐scatter S‐N testing data.     

A note on cyclic groups,finite fields,and the discrete logarithm problem

We show how the discrete logarithm problem in some finite cyclic groups can easily be reduced to the discrete logarithm problem in a finite field. The cyclic groups that we consider are the set of points on a singular elliptic curve over a finite field, the set of points on a genus 0 curve over a finite field given by the Pell equation, and certain subgroups of the general linear group.     

Expected term bases for generic multivariate Hermite interpolation

The main goal of the paper is to find an effective estimation for the minimal number of points in in general position for which the basis for Hermite interpolation consists of the first ℓ terms (with respect to total degree ordering). As a result we prove that the space of plane curves of degree at most d having singularities of multiplicity ≤ m in general position has the expected dimension if the number of low order singularities (of multiplicity k ≤ 12) is greater then some r(m, k). Additionally, the upper bounds for r(m, k) are given.     

MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF TENSILEσ-εCURVES

本文以实验事实证明宏观的σ-ε曲线的非唯一性。由于材料成分、体积、试样历史及处理条件以及试样试验温度、压力和环境等的不同,宏观本构方程中变量ε的系数K 和幂指数n 一定是不同的。只有上述热力学参数与外加应力σ同时被确定,才会有宏观应力σ与宏观应变ε之间一一对应的确定关系。但实验发现:不同热历史条件下宏观应力σ与微观应变ε_(mic)或位错亚结构分布组态之间总是存在一一对应的确定关系。