Transmit/receive module technology for X-band active arrayradar

Phased array radar system developments using X-band transmit/receive (T/R) module technology are summarized. Requirements are developed from systems concepts for fighter aircraft radar applications. Factors influencing system performance are discussed in terms of the allowable tradeoffs that must be considered for deployable systems. T/R module architectures are investigated in light of the system derived performance requirements. These module requirements are reduced to the individual circuit function level, and examples of circuits developed to meet these requirements are presented. Critical T/R module technologies are discussed in view of the latest developments in microwave active and control devices, manufacturing assembly processes and equipment, package materials and fabrication processes, and test automation. Module developments during the past 25 years are discussed chronologically and described in terms of the performance characteristics attained. Test requirements unique to module integration and aperture-level performance verification are highlighted. Module price targets are derived from affordability constraints imposed by the fighter aircraft radar application     

机动雷达自动架撤液压系统控制

随着对雷达机动性要求的提高,雷达天线车的快速架设、撤收等指标要求也越来越高,液压系统以其控制功率大等独特的优点在机动雷达天线车的架设和撤收控制中得到了广泛的应用,文中阐述了雷达车液压控制系统的调平控制策略,说明了自动化流程的实现,并对工程实践中遇到的实际问题提出了建议.     

The SIR-C/X-SAR synthetic aperture radar system

The SIR-C/X-SAR synthetic aperture radar, a three-frequency radar to be flown on the Space Shuttle in September 1993, is described. The SIR-C system is a two-frequency radar operating at 1250 MHz (L-band) and 5300 MHz (C-band), and is designed to get four-polarization radar imagery at multiple surface angles. The X-band synthetic aperture radar (X-SAR) system is an X-band imaging radar operating at 9600 MHz. The discussion covers the mission concept; system design; hardware; RF electronics; digital electronics; command, timing, and telemetry, and testing     

一种雷达阵面T/R供电模块的研究与实践

雷达阵面大规模发射/接收组件高可靠性和安全性工作,给其供电系统提出了越来越高的要求。新一代有源相控阵雷达常采用两级式供电网络,实现应力分散。该文研究了适合于阵面二次电源应用的倍流整流式半桥变换器系统,建立了系统的小信号模型,在频域内设计了系统的补偿环节参数,样机试验结果表明了分析与设计的正确性,也验证了倍流整流式半桥变换器作为二次电源应用于两级式供电网络方案的可行性。     

机载脉冲多普勒预警雷达海地杂波功率计算

随着电子战仿真技术应用的不断深入，用户对电子战仿真环境的要求也越来越高。机载脉冲多普勒预警雷达海地杂波功率计算是电子战仿真研究的一个热点和难点问题。文章分析了机载脉冲多普勒预警雷达的杂波特性，给出了机载脉冲多普勒预警雷达主瓣杂波、旁瓣杂波以及高度杂波功率的数学模型。并进一步探讨了不同条件下机载脉冲多普勒预警雷达总杂波功率的计算方法。     

雷达自动化电源系统设计

电源是雷达系统不可缺少的一部分 ,是雷达系统可靠工作的保证。随着新体制雷达的不断出现以及雷达系统的复杂化 ,对电源系统的自动化和防护功能提出了越来越高的要求。该文主要介绍了雷达供配电系统的设计 ,以及供配电系统中遥测、遥控、遥信和网络通信的实现以及系统防雷的设计     

一种新颖的实现大小功率切换的技术

针对大功率雷达发射组件大小功率切换技术的要求,利用环行器3个端口环行的特点,提出了一种新颖且更易于实现的大小功率切换技术。该技术只需一个PIN二极管单刀单掷的大功率射频开关,便可实现大小功率的切换,且射频开关无需通过大功率,只需对其进行反射,因此大幅降低了实现难度。同时,采用该技术研制了一部S波段发射组件,其大功率输出达到1 500 W以上,成功实现了大小功率的切换,且功率容量和切换速度均满足设计要求,具有较高的实用性。     

Prelaunch performance of the NASA altimeter for the TOPEX/Poseidonproject

The TOPEX/Poseidon radar altimeter satellite applies advances in remote sensing instrumentation to reduce long wavelength measurement errors to dramatically lower levels. The TOPEX altimeter measures the range to the ocean surface with 2-cm precision and accuracy through the use of both Ku- and C-band radars, a high pulse repetition frequency, an agile tracker, and absolute internal height calibration. Dual pulse bandwidths for both frequencies make it possible to quickly acquire the surface and begin tracking after crossing the land/ocean boundary. The altimeter requirements and the elements of the altimeter design that have resulted in meeting these requirements are presented. Prelaunch test data, based on the use of a radar altimeter system evaluator to simulate the backscatter from the ocean surface, are presented to demonstrate that the TOPEX altimeter will meet these requirements and provide the data necessary to the understanding of basin scale mean circulation     

宽禁带半导体功率器件在现代雷达中的应用

现代战争对雷达性能的要求日益提高,基础材料、工艺和元器件的飞速发展,促进了雷达技术的不断进步.宽禁带半导体功率器件的出现,使得雷达发射机乃至雷达性能的大幅度提升成为可能.文中简要介绍了现代雷达对大功率发射机的迫切需求,结合宽禁带半导体器件的特点,阐述了该类器件的发展现状,给出了发展趋势及应用展望.     

天线差斜率对测量雷达测角精度的影响

对于精密跟踪测量雷达,系统的威力和跟踪精度是天线设计时考虑的两个重点。在天线设计中,威力主要由天线的和增益保证,而精度主要是由雷达天线的归一化差斜率保证,即天线归一化差斜率是影响精密跟踪测量雷达测角精度的重要因素。文中着重阐述了差斜率的定义以及差斜率对系统精度的影响进行了分析;然后结合实际情况,分析了五喇叭馈源差斜率对系统精度的影响情况,最后提出了馈源优化的措施,并且检验了馈源优化后的系统角度随机误差,满足雷达设计要求。     

微波/红外成像复合制导技术发展分析

军事需求是武器装备发展的源动力,军事需求来源于对战场环境的准确分析。通过对现代高科技局部战争中战场环境的变化和反舰导弹面临的作战形势的分析,结合各种制导体制的优缺点以及复合制导技术的现状,提出了发展微波/红外成像复合导引头以完成反舰导弹面临的新的作战任务,并对复合导引头的关键技术进行了分析论证,最后得出发展微波/红外成像复合导引头可以提高反舰导弹突防能力的结论。     

一种主振放大链式发射机冷却系统的热力学研究

以某雷达主振放大链式发射机液体冷却系统为基础,建立了液冷系统的热力学模型,并重点对该模型进行热交换器的热力学分析,推导出理论上所需冷却系统的散热功率。对该雷达冷却系统的测试表明,被冷却器件实际的发热功率低于理论推导功率,即该冷却系统能满足电子器件冷却的要求。     

面向复杂场景的反导雷达模拟器设计

为了更好地支撑反导雷达装备的研制，满足对弹道目标进行动态推演和建模的需求，提出了一种面向复杂场景的反导雷达模拟系统。该系统具备弹道导弹和雷达装备的仿真建模能力，提供导弹飞行全过程建模，支持导弹多级分离和分离体运动轨迹的模拟，支持雷达参数建模和威力范围设置，提供可视化编辑和二三维一体的模拟场景展示界面，具备雷达目标穿屏分析和动态推演能力。该系统高度模块化，支持复杂场景建模，人机交互友好，已在多型雷达装备中成功应用。     

Ultra-Wideband Multifunctional Communications/Radar System

We have designed, simulated, fabricated, and tested an ultra-wideband (UWB) multifunctional communication and radar system utilizing a single shared transmitting antenna aperture. Two surface acoustic wave bandpass chirp filters were used to modulate the radar and communications pulses, generating linear frequency modulation waveforms with opposite slope factors. The system operates at a center frequency of 750 MHz with 500 MHz of instantaneous bandwidth. The measured range resolution is 63 cm (25 in) using targets with a radar cross section of 2.7 m². The probability of detection was measured to be 99%, and the probability of false alarm was 7% with the communication and radar systems operating simultaneously. The bit error rate for simultaneous communication at 1 Mb/s, and radar at 150 kHz pulse repetition frequency and 1.5-ns pulsewidth is 2e - 3. Our UWB multifunctional system demonstrates the ability to simultaneously interrogate the environment and communicate through a shared transmitting antenna aperture, while realizing a simple system architecture with low output power and not employing time-division multiplexing.     

大功率多注速调管发射机的小型化设计

车载和大功率机载雷达对真空管发射机的体积和质量提出了严格要求,发射机的小型化很有必要。文中介绍了一种大功率多注速调管发射机的小型化设计,叙述了发射机的主要技术指标和系统组成;阐述了高功率密度高压电源、小型化固态调制器、高压一体化设计和末级组件热设计等发射机小型化关键技术。实验表明:小型化发射机达到预期设计要求。文中对该小型化发射机的实际应用情况和使用前景进行了介绍。     

激光雷达测距系统光源驱动设计

脉冲式激光雷达探测性能与激光光源发出的光脉冲密切相关,而激光二极管(LD)驱动电路性能直接决定了光脉冲的优劣。基于激光雷达系统要求,选用超快速金属氧化物半导体场效应管(MOSFET)作为开关器件,建立驱动电路模型,对驱动电路设计与分析,经过多次试验,成功设计出最小脉宽10 ns,上升沿3.5 ns,重复频率可达50 kHz的LD驱动电路。驱动LD峰值功率将近60 W,成功用于激光雷达光源部分,测距精度达到3 cm/10.77 m,满足激光雷达系统要求。     

Hardware design for modern radar processing

Programmability and flexibility are often emphasised in today's hardware design for modern radar processing, but in many radar applications this does not lead to the desired optimum hardware solution, especially if application-specific requirements, such as limited processor size and power consumption combined with extremely high throughputs, play a key role. Many parts of a radar processing system can be optimised if dedicated hardware solutions are permitted for the so-called `bulk-processing', which requires a low degree of flexibility and has a high algorithmic regularity. In this paper some arguments are given in favour of combined programmable/dedicated-hardware solutions for radar processing applications, supported by illustrative application and design examples     

机载雷达2kW大功率发射机的研究

由于机载雷达要求越来越高,要求发射机的体积小、重量轻,但输出功率高,时域特性和频域特性好,发射机不仅要在技术上突破,增加功率密度,还必须促进基础、核心器件研制。文中从研制平均功率2 kW大功率机载雷达发射机的实际出发,介绍了发射机的设计思想,以及重点和难点的解决。     

Recursive T-matrix algorithms for the solution ofelectromagnetic scattering from strip and patch geometries

Two recursive T-matrix algorithms are presented and their reduced computational complexities and reduced memory requirements are demonstrated. These algorithms are applied to the problem of electromagnetic scattering from conducting strips and patches with canonical geometries. The geometries are reminiscent of finite-sized frequency selective surfaces. Computational complexities of O( N²) and O(N^7/3) and memory requirements of O(N) and O(N ^4/3) are shown to be feasible for two-dimensional and three-dimensional geometries, respectively. The formulation uses only two components of the electric field. Therefore, the vector electromagnetic problem of scattering from three-dimensional patch geometries can be solved using scalar addition theorems for spherical harmonic wave functions. For a two-dimensional strip problem, both TM and TE polarizations can be solved simultaneously using this formulation. Numerical scattering results in the form of radar cross sections (RCS) are validated by comparison with the method of moments     

机载大功率雷达发射机的研制

机载雷达对发射机的要求越来越高,特别是发射机的高输出功率、频域特性好及高功率密度。机载环境条件苛刻,给发射机的研制带来很大难度。本文介绍的大功率机载雷达发射机在采用新研制的高可靠性、高效率二级降压栅控大功率行波管作为末级放大器,并对传统技术进行改进的基础上研制成功。该产品通过了机载的各项环境试验,性能优良,完全满足雷达总体对发射机的研制要求。同时,本文讲解了发射机的各项技术指标和发射机的组成,重点介绍了机载大功率雷达发射机的研制过程及设计时的注意事项。