脂肪醇脱水制C8、C8/C10α-烯烃的研究

采用催化剂催化脂肪醇脱水制成了C8-C10α-烯烃,通过改进催化剂和开发先进工艺,在脱水装置上进行脂肪醇脱水实验,得出较为理想的烯烃产品。产品经过了气相色谱法分析和蒸馏分离。实验结果表明,Ba、H/γ-Al2O3为较好的催化剂,并得出Ba负载量为12%、催化剂焙烧温度550℃、装置反应温度310℃、空速0.3h^-1时的C8、C8/C10烯烃选择性均达到最大值98.1%和97.5%。     

H6P2W18O62/C催化合成环己烯

以活性炭为载体,用浸渍法制备出负载型Dawson结构磷钨酸(H6P2W18O62/C)催化剂,通过FT-IR和SEM对催化剂进行表征,以环己醇脱水合成环己烯为探针反应,考察催化剂的酸催化性能。实验结果表明,H6P2W18O62/C表现出良好的催化活性。在优化反应条件下:w(H6P2W18O62/C)=6.2%(基于环己醇质量),反应温度为180℃,反应时间为40 min,环己烯收率可达89.1%,催化剂重复使用5次后,收率仍可达80.3%。     

Nb2O5负载磷钨酸催化酯化反应研究

采用浸渍法制备TPA/Nb2O5催化剂,用于油酸与甲醇的酯化反应,考察了催化剂焙烧温度、甲醇与油酸物质的量比、反应时间、催化剂用量和TPA负载量等因素对油酸转化率的影响。结果显示,低负载量时(ω=5,10,15),TPA杂多阴离子高度均匀地分散在Nb2O5表面,随着负载量的增加,TPA在Nb2O5表面出现聚结。25-TPA/Nb2O5(300)催化剂在油酸与甲醇的酯化反应中具有良好的催化活性,在n(甲醇)/n(油酸)=12,m(催化剂)/m(油酸)=7%,反应时间在6 h的条件下,油酸的转化率高达92.24%。在303～333 K范围内,油酸的转化率随着温度的升高逐渐增大,油酸与甲醇在TPA/Nb2O5催化剂上的酯化反应符合准二级动力学方程,表观活化能为57.62 kJ/mol,指前因子为1.096×109(mol/L)-1.h-1。     

NiS插层复合HCa2Nb3O10的制备及光催化性能的研究

本文通过高温固相反应制备出KCa2Nb3O10,所制备的样品通过质子交换制备出HCa2Nb3O10,用C6H13NH2对样品进行柱撑制备出HCa2Nb3O10/n-C6H13NH2,然后将Ni2+插入HCa2Nb3O10层间区域,最后通过硫化反应制备出插层复合材料HCa2Nb3O10/NiS。在40W紫外灯照射下,研究了各光催化剂分别降解甲基橙和亚甲基蓝溶液的光催化活性,实验结果表明复合后的催化剂HCa2Nb3O10/NiS光催化分解甲基橙和亚甲基蓝的活性均高于未复合的催化剂单体。     

Bi2SiO5/SiO2的合成及催化丙烯气相环氧化反应

水热法合成了具有介孔特征的系列Bi2SiO5/SiO2催化剂（记为SBn,n为Si与Bi物质的量比,n=0.5、5、10、20、50）,并通过X射线粉末衍射、N2物理吸附-脱附和扫描电镜等技术对SBn催化剂进行表征。结果表明,以O2为氧源,SBn催化剂在气相丙烯环氧化反应中具有良好的催化活性。在温度330 ℃,SB20催化剂上环氧丙烷选择性达50%,对应丙烯转化率为0.6%;而在温度470 ℃时,SB20催化剂上丙烯转化率接近20%,但环氧丙烷选择性降至20%。     

固体超强酸催化剂S2O82-/ZrO2-M2O3（M=Al,Fe）制备5-羟甲基糠醛

研制了固体超强酸催化剂S2O82-/ZrO2-M2O3（M= Al, Fe）, 并以赤砂糖为原料,催化水解法制备5-羟甲基糠醛。通过单变量法考察了催化剂的焙烧时间、赤砂糖浓度、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂的用量等对5-羟甲基糠醛相对收率的影响,并采用了正交实验来确定最佳工艺条件。研究结果表明：当催化剂的焙烧时间为120 min、赤砂糖浓度为10 g/L、反应温度为200 ℃、反应时间为40 min、催化剂用量为赤砂糖量的15%时,5-羟甲基糠醛相对收率最大,达到41.43%。     

固体超强酸催化剂S2O82-/ZrO2-TiO2-Al2O3制备乙酰丙酸

研制了固体超强酸催化剂S2O82―/ZrO2-TiO2-Al2O3,并以蔗糖为原料,催化水解法制备乙酰丙酸。通过单变量法考察了催化剂的焙烧温度、催化剂的投加量、蔗糖浓度、反应温度、反应时间等对乙酰丙酸相对收率的影响,并采用了正交实验来确定最佳工艺条件。研究结果表明,当催化剂的焙烧温度为550℃、蔗糖浓度为15 g/L、催化剂用量为蔗糖质量的15%、反应温度为200℃、反应时间为60 min时,乙酰丙酸的相对收率最大,达到72.28%。     

叔戊烯与甲醇在Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40/SiO2 催化剂上的醚化

采用Cs2.5H0.5PWi2O40/SiO2催化剂进行了叔戊烯与甲醇的醚化反应研究考察了催化剂制备方法和工艺条件对叔戊烯转化率的影响.研究结果表明,以硅胶为载体,在负载量40%、焙烧温度400℃条件下制备的Cs2 5H0.5PWi2O40/SiO2催化剂具有较高的催化活性.在反应温度为80℃、压力为1.0MPa、n(甲醇)/n(叔戊烯)比为1.1、LHSV为1h-1的条件下,叔戊烯的转化率为68.57%.     

气相氟化四氯乙烯的ZnF2/Al2O3催化剂

采用浸渍法制备了ZnO/Al2O3催化剂,考察了载体Al2O3的焙烧温度对催化剂性能的影响。并对催化剂进行了X射线衍射（XRD）、Raman光谱、氨气程序升温脱附（NH3-TPD）和BET表征。结果表明：随着Al2O3焙烧温度升高,从900 ℃开始,?-Al2O3逐渐向?-Al2O3和α-Al2O3转变,1100 ℃焙烧样品中?-Al2O3的XRD峰强度达到最大。当温度继续升高,?-Al2O3将转变成α-Al2O3。Al2O3载体经过1100 ℃焙烧制得的ZnF2/Al2O3催化剂催化性能最高,当反应温度为300 ℃时,四氯乙烯的转化率为45.7%,HCFC-123(2,2-二氯-1,1,1-三氟乙烷)和HCFC-124(2-氯-1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷)的总选择性为48.2%。     

复合固体超强酸S2O8^2-/Fe2O3/ZnO/ZrO2催化合成环己烯

采用沉淀、老化、浸渍、干燥、焙烧制备了复合固体超强酸催化剂S2O82-/Fe2O3/ZnO/ZrO2,以环己醇脱水制备环己烯作探针反应,考察了反应时间、反应温度以及催化剂用量等对脱水反应的影响。结果表明,S2O82-/Fe2O3/ZnO/ZrO2是环己醇脱水制备环己烯的良好催化剂,反应时间短,后处理容易,催化剂用量少,可重复利用,收率较高。其最佳工艺条件为：催化剂用量为环己醇质量的6.7%,反应时间为0.9 h,反应温度为150℃。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。