阿利特-硫铝酸锶钙水泥的制备与性能研究

通过固定硅酸盐水泥熟料率值,改变硫铝酸锶钙矿物的含量,研究了阿利特-硫铝酸锶钙水泥的合成与性能。利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜与能谱分析、岩相分析等测试手段分析了阿利特-硫铝酸锶钙水泥熟料的组成和结构。结果表明,硫铝酸锶钙矿物与硅酸盐熟料矿物可以共存,其最佳引入量为6%～12%,在1350～1380℃温度范围烧成时结晶较好。在上述条件下制备的阿利特-硫铝酸锶钙水泥的ld、3d和28d抗压强度最高分别达到30.5MPa、58.4MPa和122.2MPa。     

贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥的制备技术与力学性能

用正交试验法选择熟料率值和硫铝酸钡钙掺量为影响因素,研究了贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥熟料的制备技术和力学性能。研究结果表明,贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥熟料的最佳煅烧温度为1380℃,最佳组成为铝率为1.1,硅率为2.9,石灰饱和系数为0.81,硫铝酸钡钙掺量为9%。在最佳条件下制备的贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥的3d和28d抗压强度分别达到20MPa和80MPa展现了良好的力学性能。利用XRD,SEM-EDS等测试手段分析了该水泥熟料的组成和结构。     

阿利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥材料制备技术的研究

通过正交试验研究制备阿利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥材料。结果表明：阿利特和硫铝酸钡钙矿物能够共存于同一熟料体系,这为合成阿利特一硫铝酸钡钙水泥材料奠定了重要基础;对该熟料力学性能影响程度最大的因素是矿物设计比例,其次是煅烧温度,各因素的最佳水平分别为矿物设计比例C3S：C2S：C2.75,5B1.25A3S^-=15：15：65。煅烧温度为1350℃,Fe2O3掺加量为1％,CaF2掺加量为2％;同时,在最佳水平条件下制备的熟料1d,3d和28d抗压强度分别达到51．7MPa,77．0MPa和79．5MPa,展现出良好的早期力学性能。同时利用XRD和SEM-EDS对熟料矿物组成及结构进行了分析。     

CaF2对阿利特-硫铝酸锶钙水泥性能的影响

将硫铝酸锶钙矿物引入到硅酸盐熟料矿物体系中,合成阿利特-硫铝酸锶钙水泥.利用XRD,SEM-EDS和岩相等测试手段研究了CaF2对阿利特-硫铝酸锶钙水泥熟料矿物组成和水泥性能的影响.结果表明,CaF2能够促进固相反应使得阿利特在较低温度下形成,有利于阿利特和硫铝酸锶钙矿物的共存.当CaF2在熟料中的掺入量为0.6%时,阿利特-硫铝酸锶钙水泥的1 d、3 d和28 d抗压强度分别达到32.8 MPa、67.7 MPa和120.4 MPa,表现出良好的力学性能.     

钡掺杂对高阿利特硅酸盐水泥熟料组成与性能的影响

采用正交试验方法研究了掺杂氧化钡及形成的新矿物硫铝酸钡钙(C_(2.75)B_(1.25)A_3(S))对高阿利特水泥熟料组成与性能的影响.借助于X射线衍射和扫描电镜-能谱仪及岩相等分析方法,研究了水泥熟料的组成、结构及性能.结果表明:阿利特和硫铝酸钡钙矿物可以在同一熟料体系中共存;氧化钡的掺入促进了硫铝酸钡钙矿物的形成,同时对在低温下形成阿利特及对贝利特矿物的活化起到了重要作用.从早期强度角度分析,BaO的适宜掺量为1.8%(质量分数,下同),硫铝酸钡钙矿物的最佳设计含量为4.0%.所制备的高阿利特硅酸盐水泥的3,7,28d抗压强度分别为52.3,78.4,102.5MPa,展现了良好的早期力学性能;从后期强度分析,BaO的适宜掺量为1.3%,硫铝酸钡钙矿物的最佳设计含量为2.0%,所制备的高阿利特硅酸盐水泥的3,7,28d抗压强度分别为42.9,77.8,108.8MPa,显示了较高的后期强度.     

MgO对阿利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥性能的影响

主要研究了MgO对阿利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥性能的影响.通过抗压强度测试分析表明,初步确定了在MgO掺量为5.0％,煅烧温度为1380℃其性能最佳,其3d、7d抗压强度分别达到58.2 MPa和68.5 MPa,展现了良好的力学性能.本实验的主要目的是证明阿利特-硫铝酸盐水泥熟料中可允许有较高的MgO存在,使高镁原料的利用...     

贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥的煅烧及其性能

采用正交试验方法研究了贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥熟料的煅烧条件.实验表明:该水泥熟料的最佳煅烧温度为1 350℃,保温时间为90min,冷却方式是急冷.同时发现,水泥中石膏的最佳掺量为5%(质量分数).所制备的贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥的3 d和28 d抗压强度分别为26A MPa和80.4MPa,显示有良好的早期力学性能;石膏能促进该水泥的水化硬化,增加钙矾石在水化早期的形成数量,这是水泥早期强度提高的主要原因.对水泥熟料及其水化产物的组成、结构和形貌进行了分析.该水泥熟料的主要矿物组成为贝利特、阿利特和硫铝酸钡钙,主要水化产物有水化硅酸钙凝胶、钙矾石和氢氧化钙等.     

养护温度对贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥水化的影响

通过水化程度测试、抗压强度测试、XRD及SEM分析,研究了养护温度对贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥水化程度、力学性能和水化产物的组成及其结构的影响,并将实验结果与普通硅酸盐水泥的相关性能进行比较.结果表明:养护温度对贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥的早期水化影响较大,适当提高养护温度对贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥的早期水化具有显著的促进作用,而对后期水化影响较小.养护温度从5 ℃提高到35 ℃时,该水泥3 d水化程度由31.57%提高到62.56%,水化3 d抗压强度由28.1 MPa增强到52.7 MPa.与普通硅酸盐水泥相比,贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥早期抗压强度受养护温度的影响更大.     

阿利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥的性能

研究了熟料矿物组成、石膏掺量和环境温度等对阿利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥浆体的流变性和砂浆干缩性的影响.结果表明:阿利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥的新拌浆体属于Bingham型流体,水泥浆体的屈服应力和黏度受熟料中硫铝酸钡钙矿物含量变化的影响较大,随石膏掺量的增加和环境温度的增高而减小;阿利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥具有一定的微膨胀性能,其砂浆的干缩性能优于硅酸盐水泥砂浆.在水泥中掺入矿渣可以提高阿利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥的致密度,改善其干缩性能.     

阿利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的研究

本文研究了石膏掺量对阿利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响,并与硅酸盐水泥进行了比较;利用XRD,SEM-EDS等测试方法对侵蚀后水泥水化产物的物相组成和形貌进行了分析.研究结果表明:阿利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥具有良好的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能.当石膏掺量为5%时,阿利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥的抗蚀系数达1.31,而硅酸盐水泥的抗蚀系数仅为0.94.石膏对阿利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥硬化浆体的致密性有较大影响,进而影响水泥的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能.同时,对阿利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥的抗侵蚀机理进行了初步分析.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。