低温多股流板翅式换热器设计优化方法研究进展

针对多股流体流动换热、复杂翅片结构优化、多重通道排布匹配以及低温工程应用等特点,本文归纳分析了低温多股流板翅式换热器结构设计中凸显的流股换热匹配、通道分配排列、多物理场叠加以及低温特殊工况下的应用等问题。总结了在通道结构优化与零部件设计中,通过翅片通道传热流动特性及相关性能评价方法来指导结构选型。文章还深入分析国内外现状,讨论了板翅式换热器的研究热点与发展方向。文章指出低温多股流板翅式换热器应用于大型空分等石化工业流程中优势明显,可显著提高气体液化率,降低实际能耗,进而提升系统运行效率。因此,对于实际应用中可能遇到的设计问题,应考虑结合局部换热网络与多流股匹配、翅片结构设计与通道排列算法优化、多场仿真与试验研究等手段形成合理优化方法和设计框架,来摆脱目前传统经验试凑所带来的限制。     

Numerical Study on Plate‐Fin Heat Exchangers with Plain Fins and Serrated Fins at Low Reynolds Number

A simpler numerical model for plate‐fin heat exchangers with plain fins and serrated fins is presented, which incorporates the characteristics of fluid flow and heat transfer. The numerical simulations for heat exchangers with two fins at low Reynolds numbers are carried out by employing the simplified model and using the CFD code FLUENT. The results of heat transfer rate and pressure drop in numerical simulations are compared with the experimental results from the literature. It is shown that the results are in good agreement and the numerical model is reasonable and appropriate. The characteristics of fluid flow and heat transfer are analyzed and compared based on the numerical results. It is concluded that by applying the average heat transfer coefficient in practice, the heat transfer rate of the primary surface is overestimated, and the heat transfer rate and efficiency of the secondary surface are underestimated. The numerical modeling and conclusions provide the method and theoretical basis for the selection, optimization and analysis of plate‐fin heat exchangers.     

钢质T形翅片管的池沸腾传热研究

<正>1 引言 随着对传热过程这一客观规律认识的深化以及加工制造技术的进步,人们已能研制开发出各式各样的强化换热元件,并在工程实践中取代传统的光滑管从而取得省材节能的双重效果。T.C.Canavos曾预言:到目前为止,强化换热元件的工作还仅仅是个开始,但是它的好处是那样地明显,以至于普通光滑管之被淘汰只不过是一个时间的问题了。多年来的实践证明这种预言是正确的,在强化换热元件中,强化液体泡核沸腾的元件的研究进展尤为突出,自60年代末期以后,先后有4种管型实现商品化,其中一种就是T形翅片管（Gewa-T）。T形翅片管自1978年问世于原联邦德国的Wieland Worke公司以后,国内外已有多项研     

Local heat transfer and heat flux distributions in finned tube heat exchangers

A detailed analysis of the effect of local heat transfer distributions, which were determined experimentally, on temperature distributions in the fins and in the fluid between two adjacent fins of finned tube heat exchangers is presented. The heat transfer distributions, obtained by a mass transfer technique, prove to be very inhomogeneous over the fin surface, leading to variable results for fin efficiency calculated by the conventional method. In addition, the effect of temperature variation in the fluid, which is usually neglected in fin analysis, is shown in many cases to exert a very strong influence on fin efficiency and total heat flux. For the optimization of fin designs, a combined analysis of local heat transfer, conduction resistance in the fin and temperature variation in the passage is indispensable.     

Simulation of air-cooled heat exchangers

An algorithm is presented for the simulation of air-cooled finned tubes heat exchangers with topological configuration which preclude the use of method based on overall coefficients and mean temperatures differences. It is a generalization of the step by step method arising when the transfer area of each tube is divided into a finite number of elements. The heat transfer rate equations and the energy balances corresponding to all the elements of all tubes constitute a system of linear equations which is solved iteratively.     

封闭空间内纵向外翅片管结构参数对传热的影响

对封闭空间内的竖直纵向外翅片管在翅片长度、翅片夹角及基管壁温改变时的自然对流条件下的换热特性进行了三维数值研究。结果表明翅片管的单位质量散热量随翅片长度的增加而增大。在翅片长度一定时,其最大值大多出现在翅片夹角60°左右;在基管壁温升高时,对流占据比重出现极大值;在考虑翅片夹角对换热影响的基础上引入量纲1因子,依据65种算例结果拟合出竖直纵向外翅片管自然对流换热准则关系式,准则式与计算结果偏差平均为3.53%。     

单相自然循环回路的强化对流传热特性

通过实验对比分析了带有单相自然循环回路元件的铜板与光滑铜板相隔冷热空气逆流换热的换热效果。 结果表明,相同泵耗功情况下,加装单相自然循环回路元件的换热板的换热量是光滑铜板的1.1~1.3倍。在此基础上,本文通过数值模拟进一步对比分析了加装单相自然循环回路元件与相同形状、尺寸的铜翅片换热效果,针对影响自然循环回路传热性能的主要因素,如循环回路高度、横向与轴向倾斜角度、冷热源温差等,进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明：只有当温差超过等效温差点后,自然循环回路元件的换热效果才强于相同形状和尺寸的铜翅片;随着几何尺寸减少以及倾斜角度的增加,自然循环元件与铜翅片的等效温差点随之升高。     

圆弧型与X型开缝翅片空气侧流动与传热特性可视化试验

利用粒子图像测速(PIV,particle image velocimetry）技术和红外热成像技术对增压空冷器空气侧的4排叉排圆弧型和X型开缝翅片的流动和传热特性进行了可视化试验研究。在试验的Reynolds数范围内,得到了阻力和换热特性曲线以及能反映流动和传热细节的流场和温度场。试验结果表明：X型开缝翅片的波动强度、流动阻力大于圆弧型开缝翅片,但前者的换热性能和场协同性优于后者。提出的新概念波动强度是表征翅片结构对流场扰动程度的物理量,波动强度越大,流场内的速度梯度、涡量强度越大,翅片结构对流场的扰动越大。可视化的试验结果为后续的数值模拟和翅片结构优化设计提供了可靠的试验依据。     

Flow and heat transfer characteristics of finned tube with internal and external fins in air cooler for waste heat recovery of gas-fired boiler system

In this present study, attempts were made to investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of finned tube with internal fins and external fins by experiment and numerical simulation. The test finned tube was installed in a single smooth tube and formed a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The experiments were conducted in heat transfer test system with hot air in the tube side and cold air in the shell side. Overall heat transfer coefficients were calculated and heat transfer coefficients in the tube side were determined. Three-dimension computation was performed to predict the flow and heat transfer performance in the finned tube. The effects of external fin height and pitch of the finned tube on shell-side flow and heat transfer were studied by numerical simulation. The numerical results agree well with the measurements. The maximum differences between the present numerical results and the experimental data are approximately 6.9% for heat transfer coefficient and 4.7% for friction factor, respectively. The velocity and temperature fields are obtained to discern the mechanisms of heat transfer enhancement. Numerical results indicate that the steady and spatially periodic growth and disruption of vortices occur in external fin to fin region.     

Thermal decomposition of pyrite in the nitrogen atmosphere

The effects of gas flow rate, reaction temperature, particle size, and time on thermal decomposition of pyrite have been investigated between 673 and 1073 K in a nitrogen gas environment in which the gas–solid contact is effective. The decomposition reaction is well represented by the “shrinking core” model and can be divided into two regions with different rate controlling step. The rate-controlling step was found to be the heat transfer through the gas film for low conversion, but the mass transfer through product ash layer for high conversion. The activation energies for the heat transfer through the gas film and mass transfer through product ash layer-controlled cases were calculated as 113 and 96 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively.     

水冷壁气化炉温度分布及影响因素分析

对气流床水冷壁气化炉炉壁的温度分布及影响因素进行了计算和分析。建立了气流床水冷壁气化炉的三维传热数学模型,运用有限元方法,计算出水冷壁的温度分布,炉壁导热主要通过渣钉完成;探讨了水冷管内工质传热系数、炉内温度、渣钉间距、鳍片厚度、鳍片宽度及熔渣厚度对渣钉、水冷管、鳍片端部和根部等关键部位的最高温度点温度的影响;为了验证热分析的正确性,在实验室的小型气化炉上进行试验,鳍端背火侧温度计算值与实验测量值吻合良好,误差在5%之内;其计算模型和分析结果可为水冷壁气化炉的设计提供相应依据。     

吸附式制冷装置中吸附床传热传质的研究

本文根据吸附式制冷装置中吸附床的操作特性,建立了吸附床在受热解吸过程中的传热传质数学模型.在这个模型中,假设吸附床是均质的,吸附床的导热系数可用一个当量寻热系数表示,并考虑吸附床中吸附剂与传热片之间的接触热阻.以本文作者所建立的吸附式制冰机为例,对此数学模型进行了计算,计算值与实验结果吻合得较好.     

翅片板式传热器双流道传热与流动数值模拟

焊接型板式传热器的紧凑性好、质量轻、传热性能好、初始成本低等优越性已越来越被人们所认识,因此人们纷纷对板式传热器内流动状态和传热机理展开研究。鉴于此,本文运用数值模拟软件Fluent对全焊接翅片板式传热器双流道进行模拟,在此基础上又进行了实验研究及实验数据与数值模拟的对比分析,得出不同结构参数和操作参数下翅片的传热系数和压力降,并分析翅片高度和翅片间距对翅片传热性能与流动阻力的影响。结果表明：①固定冷侧的入口速度和温度,热侧的传热系数和压降随之热侧入口速度增加而增大;②板间距一定时,翅片高度并非越高传热性能越好;③翅片间距越小,传热性能越好。     

新型金属泡沫-微柱群复合热沉内流动传热性能分析

高效热管理技术是大功率微电子设备安全运行的可靠保障。为进一步强化高功率电子器件的冷却效果,本文提出了一种新型泡沫铝-微柱群复合热沉结构。采用实验和数值模拟相结合的方法对新型水冷泡沫铝-微柱群复合热沉内的流场分布、壁面温度分布、阻力系数、换热性能及柱鳍与泡沫铝间的耦合传热规律等开展了深入分析。研究结果表明,与传统微柱群热沉相比,20PPI泡沫铝-微柱群复合热沉的壁面最高温度大幅降低,平均换热性能提升了33.9%~41.5%。然而,微柱群内填充泡沫铝却导致流动阻力增大,增加了7.9~10.5倍。泡沫铝-微柱群复合热沉的强化换热机理为：微柱群热沉内填充高热导率泡沫铝提升了热沉整体的有效导热性能,热量可通过金属泡沫固体骨架迅速传递,同时多孔界面较强的传热能力能够保证热量及时被冷却流体散除。本文相关研究成果可为高热流密度电子器件散热装置的研发提供理论指导。     

换热器肋片的最小熵产优化研究

<正>肋片作为一种非常高效的强化传热技术,不仅是作为二次传热面,扩大传热面积,并促进流体介质扰动来强化换热,同时其增加的传热面积也会造成相对增加的流动阻力.关于肋片强化传热与增大流阻的综合评判准则在文献[1]中已有论述     

平直开缝翅片和波纹翅片管换热器换热特性的数值模拟

采用FLUENT数值模拟方法,研究了平直翅片、平直开缝翅片、正弦波纹翅片和均匀倾角波纹翅片4种形式的翅片管换热器的空气侧流动和传热特性。分析出2种不同的波纹形式以及翅片开缝对翅片管换热器换热特性的影响。改变进口风速,在不同雷诺数的工况下,得到4种换热器的换热量Q、努塞尔数Nu、压降△P以及阻力因子f等与进口风速u和雷诺数Re的关系。结果表明进口风速增大,雷诺数增加,可显著提高换热器换热量,然而同样带来更多的阻力损失。翅片开缝对传热能力有明显的提升作用,波纹翅片在提高换热效率的同时阻力损失增加较小。     

Extended surface heat transfer in fluidized beds

The emerging technology of fluidized bed combustion of coal and recognition of the fluidized bed heat exchanger as a heat transfer device with great potential have regenerated interest in the heat transfer process between a gas fluidized bed and immersed tubes with extended surfaces or fins. In the present work, a critical review of the effects of some important fluidization and fin geometry parameters on the bed-to-tube-surface heat transfer is presented. The significant features of finned tube heat transfer are discussed and areas requiring further attention are suggested.     

H型翅片管湿烟气对流冷凝传热的数值模拟研究

通过数值计算对湿工况下的H型和圆型翅片管换热器通道内充分发展段的对流冷凝传热特性进行模拟研究。计算采用压力与速度耦合的SIMPLER算法,湿烟气流速范围为1~5 m/s,水蒸气质量分数范围为5%~13%。讨论了不同入口速度、水蒸气质量分数对H型翅片管和圆型翅片管传热传质系数、传热量、冷凝水流量和翅片效率的影响,并进行定量比较分析。计算结果表明,H型翅片管的传热能力强于圆型翅片管,但冷凝生成量较圆型翅片管小,同时H型翅片管的总翅片效率和潜热翅片效率小于圆型翅片管。     

Optimum dimensions of longitudinal rectangular fins and cylindrical pin fins with variable heat transfer coefficient

Considering a temperature dependent heat transfer coefficient, the optimum dimensions of longitudinal rectangular fins and cylindrical pin fins have been investigated analytically. Employing the parameters of fin thickness or fin diameter and tip temperatures, the optimum dimensions, heat dissipation, and efficiency of fins are obtained by Lagrange's multiplier method. It is shown that the fin efficiency of an optimum cylindrical pin fin is higher than that of an optimum rectangular fin. To facilitate the thermal design of the heat transfer components, very simple mathematical expressions for the optimum dimensions of fins are presented in this study.     

锯齿翅片的传热与阻力性能试验

在风洞试验台上对16种不同结构参数的板翅换热器中使用锯齿翅片进行了传热和流动阻力性能试验,分析比较了翅片间距和翅片长度对其表面对流传热系数和空气阻力性能的影响。同时通过对16种翅片的244个试验数据点进行多元回归和F显著性检验,获得了j因子和f因子的经验关联式。在Re=500～7500范围内,经验关联式的最大误差范围为±10%,绝对平均偏差分别为4.2%和5.3%。