Thermal performance of tubular heat exchanger with multiple twisted-tape inserts

The paper presents an experimental investigation on enhanced heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics by using single, double, triple, and quadruple twisted-tape inserts in a round tube having a uniform heat-fluxed wal . The investigation has been conducted in the heat exchanger tube inserted with various twisted-tape numbers for co-and counter-twist arrangements for the turbulent air flow, Reynolds number (Re) from 5300 to 24000. The typical single twisted-tape inserts at two twist ratios, y/w=4 and 5, are used as the base case, while the other multiple twisted-tape inserts are at y/w=4 only. The experimental results of heat transfer and pressure drop in terms of Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f), respectively, reveal that Nu increases with the increment of Re and of twisted-tape number. The values of Nu for the inserted tube are in a range of 1.15–2.12 times that for the plain tube while f is 1.9–4.1 times. The thermal enhancement factor of the inserted tube under similar pumping power is evaluated and found to be above unity except for the single and the double co-twisted tapes. The quadruple counter-twisted tape insert provides the maximum thermal performance.     

带V型折流板圆管中流动结构与传热的三维数值研究(英文)

A 3D numerical investigation has been carried out to examine periodic laminar flow and heat transfer character-istics in a circular tube with 45° V-baffles with isothermal wal . The computations are based on the finite volume method (FVM), and the SIMPLE algorithm has been implemented. The fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics are presented for Reynolds numbers ranging from 100 to 2000. To generate main longitudinal vortex flows through the tested section, V-baffles with an attack angle of 45° are mounted in tandem and in-line arrangement on the opposite positions of the circular tube. Effects of tube blockage ratio, flow direction on heat transfer and pressure drop in the tube are studied. It is apparent that a pair of longitudinal twisted vortices (P-vortex) created by a V-baffle can induce impingement on a wal of the inter-baffle cavity and lead a drastic increase in heat trans-fer rate at tube wall. In addition, the larger blockage ratio results in the higher Nusselt number and friction factor values. The computational results show that the optimum thermal enhancement factor is around 3.20 at baffle height of B=0.20 and B=0.25 times of the tube diameter for the V-upstream and V-downstream, respectively. ? 2014 The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China, and Chemical Industry Press. Al rights reserved.     

Numerical investigation on flow and heat transfer characteristics of corrugated tubes with non-uniform corrugation in turbulent flow

Based on finite volume method, the pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics of one smooth tube and ten different axisymmetric corrugated tubes, including two with uniform corrugation and eight with non-uniform corrugation, have been studied. A physical model of the corrugated tube was built, then the numerical simulation of the model was carried out and the numerical simulation results were compared with the empirical formula.The results show that: the friction factor decreases with the increase of Reynolds number ranging from 6000 to 57000, the value of which in the corrugated tubes with non-uniform corrugation(tube 03–10) are smaller than those with uniform corrugation(tube 01–02). The geometry parameters of tube(01) have advantages on the heat transfer enhancement in low Reynolds number flow region(from 6000 to 13000) and tube(07–08)have advantages on the heat transfer enhancement in high Reynolds number flow region(from 13000 to 57000). The vortex, existed in each area between two adjacent corrugations called second flow region, is the root of the enhancement on heat transfer in the corrugated tubes. The effectiveness factor decreases with the increasing of Reynolds number and the performances of the corrugated tubes with pitch of 12.5 mm have advantages than these of 10 mm under the same corrugation geometric parameter.     

含间隔分置旋流片的缩放管复合强化传热

Pressure drop and compound heat transfer characteristics of a converging-diverging tube with evenly spaced twisted-tapes （CD-T tube） have been investigated experimentally. Swirl was generated by evenly spaced twisted-tape elements which vary in twist ratio and rotation angle. Space ratio also has an important effect on the characteristics. For comparison, experiments in a smooth circular tube and a converging-diverging （CD） tube with-out twisted-tapes were carried out. The results show that the twisted-tape with twist ratio y=4.72 and rotation angle θ=180° has the best performance among the four types of twisted-tapes presented in this paper. At Reynolds number ranging from 3400 to 20000, when space ratio s=48.6, the heat transfer efficiency index, which increases as the Reynolds number increases, is 0.85-1.21 and 1.07-1.15 compared to that of a smooth circular tube and a CD tube without twisted-tape inserts, respectively.     

装填有矩形切口螺旋带的管中的湍动传热和压降(英文)

Heat transfer, friction factor and thermal enhancement factor characteristics of a double pipe heat exchanger fitted with square-cut twisted tapes (STT) and plain twisted tapes (PTT) are investigated experimentally using the water as working fluid. The tapes (STT and PTT) have three twist ratios ( , 4.4 and 6.0) and the Reynolds number ranges from 2000 to 12000. The experimental results reveal that heat transfer rate, friction factor and thermal enhancement factor in the tube equipped with STT are significantly higher than those fitted with PTT. The additional disturbance and secondary flow in the vicinity of the tube wall generated by STT are higher compared to that induced by the PTT is referred as the reason for better performance. Over the range considered, the Nusselt number, friction factor and thermal enhancement factor in a tube with STT are respectively, 1.03 to 1.14, 1.05 to 1.25 and 1.02 to 1.06 times of those in tube with PTT. An empirical correlation is also formulated to match with experimental data of Nusselt number and friction factor for STT and PTT.     

Turbulent forced convection in a heat exchanger square channel with wavy-ribs vortex generator☆

Turbulent forced convective heat transfer and flow configurations in a square channel with wavy-ribs inserted diagonally are examined numerical y. The influences of the 30° and 45° flow attack angles for wavy-ribs, blockage ratio, RB=b/H=0.05–0.25 with single pitch ratio, RP=P/H=1 are investigated for the Reynolds number based on the hydraulic diameter of the square channel, Re=3000–20000. The use of the wavy-ribs, which inserted diagonal in the square channel, is aimed to help to improve the thermal performance in heat exchange systems. The finite volume method and SIMPLE algorithm are applied to the present numerical simulation. The results are presented on the periodic flow and heat transfer profiles, flow configurations, heat transfer characteristics and the performance evaluations. The mathematical results reveal that the use of wavy-ribs leads to a higher heat transfer rate and friction loss over the smooth channel. The heat transfer enhancements are around 1.97–5.14 and 2.04–5.27 times over the smooth channel for 30° and 45° attack angles, respectively. However, the corre-sponding friction loss values for 30° and 45° are around 4.26–86.55 and 5.03–97.98 times higher than the smooth square channel, respectively. The optimum thermal enhancement factor on both cases is found at RB=0.10 and the lowest Reynolds number, Re=3000, to be about 1.47 and 1.52, respectively, for 30° and 45° wavy-ribs.     

Heat transfer and friction factor of Therminol liquid phase heat transfer fluid in a ribbed tube

Experiments and simulations on flow and heat transfer behavior of Therminol-55 liquid phase heat transfer fluid have been conducted in a ribbed tube with the outer diameter and inner diameter 25.0 and 20.0 mm,pitch and rib height of 4.5 and 1.0 mm.respectively.Experimental results show that the heat transfer and thermal performance of Therminol-55 liquid phase heat transfer fluid in the ribbed tube are considerably improved compared to those of the smooth tube.The Nusselt number increase with the increase of Reynolds number.The increase in heat transfer rate of the ribbed tube has a mean value of 2.24 times.Also,the pressure drop results reveal that the average friction factor of the ribbed tube is in a range of 2.4 and 2.8 times over the smooth tube.Numerical simulations of three-dimensional flow behavior of Therminol-55 liquid phase heat transfer fluid are carried out using three different turbulence models in the ribbed tube.The numerical results show that the heat transfer of ribbed tube is improved because vortices are generated behind ribs,which produce some disruptions to fluid flow and enhance heat transfer compared with smooth tube.The numerical results prove that the ribbed tube can improve heat transfer and fluid flow performances of Therminol liquid phase heat transfer fluid.     

Water slip flow in superhydrophobic microtubes within laminar flow region

The fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces and the studies on water flow characteristics therein are of great significance to many industrial areas as wel as to science and technology development. Experiments were car-ried out to investigate slip characteristics of water flowing in circular superhydrophobic microtubes within lam-inar flow region. The superhydrophobic microtubes of stainless steel were fabricated with chemical etching–fluorination treatment. An experimental setup was designed to measure the pressure drop as function of water flow rate. For comparison, superhydrophilic tubes were also tested. Poiseuille number Po was found to be smaller for the superhydrophobic microtubes than that for superhydrophilic ones. The pressure drop reduc-tion ranges from 8%to 31%. It decreases with increasing Reynolds number when Re b 900, owing to the transition from Cassie state to Wenzel state. However, it is almost unchanged with further increasing Re after Re N 900. The slip length in superhydrophobic microtubes also exhibits a Reynolds number dependence similarly to the pressure drop reduction. The relation between slip length and Darcy friction factor is theoretically analyzed with consideration of surface roughness effect, which was testified with the experimental results.     

Enhanced heat transfer in a heat exchanger square-duct with discrete V-finned tape inserts☆

The article presents an experimental and numerical study on thermal performance enhancement in a constant heat-fluxed square-duct inserted diagonal y with 45° discrete V-finned tapes (DFT). The experiments were carried out by varying the airflow rate through the tested square duct with DFT inserts for Reynolds number from 4000 to 25000. The effect of the DFT with V-tip pointing upstream at various relative fin heights and pitches on heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics was experimentally investigated. Both the heat transfer and pressure drop were presented in terms of Nusselt number and friction factor respectively. Several V-finned tape characteristics were introduced such as fin-to duct-height ratio or blockage ratio (RB=e/H=0.075, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2), fin pitch to duct height ratio (RP=P/H=0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0) and fin attack angle,α=45°. The experimental results reveal that the heat transfer and friction factor values with DFT inserts increase with the increment of RB but the decrease of RP. The inserted square-duct at RB=0.2 and RP=0.5 provides the highest heat transfer and friction factor while the one with RB=0.1 and RP=1.5 yields the highest thermal performance. Also, a numerical simulation was conducted to investigate the flow structure and heat transfer mechanism inside the tested duct with DFT inserts.     

xperimental Study of Heat Transfer Enhancement and Friction Loss Induced by Inserted Rotor-assembled Strand （I） Water

The single-phase pressure drop and heat transfer in a rotor-assembled strand inserted tube were measured using water as the working fluid. Experiment using a smooth tube was carried out to calibrate the experimental system and the data reduction method. In the experiment, fixed mounts were used to eliminate the entrance effect. The experimental results of smooth tube show that employment of fixed mounts leads to a visible bias of friction factor at relative low Reynolds numbers, although it does not significantly affect the Nusselt numbers. The measured data of inserted tube reveal that rotor-assembled strand can significantly improve heat transfer with the Nusselt number increased by 101.6%-106.6% and the overall heat transfer coefficient increased by 58.1%-67.4% within the Reynolds number range of 20000 to 36000. Meanwhile, friction factor increases by 52.2%-84.2% within the same Reynolds number range. The correlations of Nusselt number and friction factor as function of the Reynolds number and Prandtl number were determined through multivariant linear normal regression.     

换热管内置螺旋线圈的阻力及传热特性实验研究

将9种不同结构尺寸的螺线线圈分别置入换热管内进行实验研究,分析了其阻力和传热特性。实验结果表明,在相同的Re下,管内插入螺旋线圈后流体压降和传热系数都有较大提高。通过多元线性回归分析,得到了压降增量和传热系数关联式。由传热性能分析,得到了综合评价因子φ=0.77~1.60,为如何选用性能优越的螺旋线圈提供了参考依据。     

螺旋隔板三维翅片管传热实验研究与数值模拟

文章对冷却水在换热器管程流动并与壳程的热油逆流换热条件下,对螺旋隔板三维翅片管换热器的传热与压降性能进行了实验研究,并与光滑管进行了对比。在相同壳程Reynolds数下,三维翅片管的壳程Nusselt数是光滑管的2.2—2.9倍,而压降是光滑管的2.3倍左右。采用计算流体力学软件F luent 6.0对螺旋隔板三维翅片管和光滑管换热器进行了数值模拟。结果表明,螺旋流条件下光滑管表面速度矢量均匀、稳定,而三维翅片表面的速度矢量因翅片激发流体而产生湍动和不规则的二次流,从而强化了流体的对流传热。对于螺旋隔板三维翅片管换热器,壳程Nusselt数和压降的数值模拟结果与实验计算值吻合良好,最大偏差分别为6.3%和9.8%。     

Heat transfer and pressure drop performance of alumina–water nanofluid in a flat vertical tube of a radiator

This work presents experimental investigation on the effects of nanofluid inlet temperature (40–90°C), Reynolds number (12,000–30,000), particle concentration (0–1 vol.%), and air velocity (0.25–0.55?m/s) on thermal and flow characteristics of water-based alumina nanofluids in a flat vertical tube of a radiator. The specific heat capacity, viscosity, density, and thermal conductivity were measured experimentally. The heat transfer coefficient enhanced (up to 31%) with an increase in fluid inlet temperature, particle volume concentration, Reynolds number as well as air inlet velocity. The pressure drop increased with an increase in the particle volume concentration and Reynolds number, while it decreased slightly with an increase in the fluid inlet temperature. The friction factor and pumping power increased with particle concentration. The friction factor decreased, while the pumping power increased with sn increase in fluid flow rate.     

Performance evaluation on an air-cooled heat exchanger for alumina nanofluid under laminar flow

This study analyzes the characteristics of alumina (Al₂O₃)/water nanofluid to determine the feasibility of its application in an air-cooled heat exchanger for heat dissipation for PEMFC or electronic chip cooling. The experimental sample was Al₂O₃/water nanofluid produced by the direct synthesis method at three different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt.%). The experiments in this study measured the thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluid with weight fractions and sample temperatures (20-60°C), and then used the nanofluid in an actual air-cooled heat exchanger to assess its heat exchange capacity and pressure drop under laminar flow. Experimental results show that the nanofluid has a higher heat exchange capacity than water, and a higher concentration of nanoparticles provides an even better ratio of the heat exchange. The maximum enhanced ratio of heat exchange and pressure drop for all the experimental parameters in this study was about 39% and 5.6%, respectively. In addition to nanoparticle concentration, the temperature and mass flow rates of the working fluid can affect the enhanced ratio of heat exchange and pressure drop of nanofluid. The cross-section aspect ratio of tube in the heat exchanger is another important factor to be taken into consideration.     

Thermal performance and entropy generation for nanofluid jet injection on a ribbed microchannel with oscillating heat flux: Investigation of the first and second laws of thermodynamics

In current numerical study, forced flow and heat transfer of water/NDG (Nitrogen-doped graphene) nanofluid in nanoparticles mass fractions (φ) of 0, 2% and 4% at Reynolds numbers (Re) of 10, 50, 100 and 150 are simulated in steady states. Studied geometry is a two-dimensional microchannel under the influence of nanofluid jet injection. Temperature of inlet fluid equals with T_c=293 K and hot source of microchannel is under the influence of oscillating heat flux. Also, in this research, the effect of the variations of attack angle of triangular rib (15°, 30°, 45° and 60°) on laminar nanofluid flow behavior inside the studied rectangular geometry with the ratio of L/H=28 and nanofluid jet injection is investigated. Obtained results indicate that the increase of Reynolds number, nanoparticles mass fraction and attack angle of rib leads to the increase of pressure drop. By increasing fluid viscosity, momentum depreciation of fluid in collusion with microchannel surfaces enhances. Also, the increase of attack angle of rib at higher Reynolds numbers has a great effect on this coefficient. At low Reynolds numbers, due to slow motion of fluid, variations of attack angle of rib, especially in angles of 30°, 45° and 60° are almost similar. By increasing fluid velocity, the effect of the variations of attack angle on pressure drop becomes significant and pressure drop figures act differently. In general, by using heat transfer enhancement methods in studied geometry, heat transfer increases almost 25%.     

Optimization of the Heat Transfer Rate and Pressure Drop of Inside Profiled Tubes – Part 1

Nine inside profiled tubes were developed and investigated for optimization of the heat transfer rate and pressure drop behavior. The results of this work are presented in two parts. This part describes the comparative investigation of five tubes with different inside profiles to simulate the heat transfer and friction loss of fired tubular heaters in petrochemical processes. In part 2, a further four tubes with different inside profiles will be compared. To test the efficiency of the new profiles a test rig was modified. Using the similarity laws by Reynolds, the Reynolds number calculated for the gas flow in the heater tubes was converted into the flow rate, as well as the pressure and temperature of a distilled water system. Axial and peripheral velocities were measured using a Laser‐Doppler‐Velocimeter (LDV). Friction pressure drop and heat transfer were measured to determine the efficiency of each tested tube under the constant conditions of the distilled water system. The results of the investigations on these five inside profiles showed that profiles with eight flat and symmetrically distributed straight fins (tube III) or with a twist angle of 30° to the tube axis (tube IV), produced heat transfer rates higher that that of the bare tube by 120 % and 156 %, respectively, with increases in pressure drop only 46 % and 76 %, respectively.     

Prediction of Nusselt Number and Friction Factor of Water-Al2O3 Nanofluid Flow in Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger with Helical Baffles

Heat transfer and flow field of water-Al₂O₃ nanofluid were simulated three-dimensionally in the shell-side of shell-and-tube heat exchanger with helical baffles. The effects of Reynolds number and volume fraction on heat transfer and pressure drop were evaluated. Increasing the volume fraction and Reynolds number intensified both heat transfer and pressure drop. Reduction of the Reynolds number increased the friction factor, but no considerable change was observed in the friction factor by increasing the volume fraction at constant Reynolds number. Heat transfer of the nanofluid revealed greater dependency on the volume fraction of particles at lower Reynolds numbers. Models of Nusselt number and friction factor were obtained in the heat exchanger in terms of Reynolds number and volume fraction using neural network. The neural network predicted the output variables with great accuracy.     

内置螺旋弹簧换热管内流动与传热三维数值模拟

为研究内置螺旋弹簧换热管单管强化传热原理,采用Fluent软件对内置螺旋弹簧换热管内流体流动与传热特性进行数值模拟,考察了弹簧的应用对管内流场、压降和换热性能的影响,并分别取螺旋弹簧节距p分别为2 mm、4 mm、5 mm初步研究了弹簧的节距对强化传热效果的影响。模拟结果显示：弹簧管内流体呈螺旋流动状态,管壁附近流体切向速度和径向速度有一定程度的提高,从而加剧了管内流体的混合及边界层的扰动,充分换热,弹簧管进出口温度差较光管有所增加,最高增加了0.9 ℃;相同雷诺数条件下,内置螺旋弹簧换热管Nu数均高于光管,而压降和阻力系数相比光管有明显增加,随着弹簧节距减小换热增强而摩擦阻力系数增加。     

Application of different CFD multiphase models to investigate effects of baffles and nanoparticles on heat transfer enhancement

In this work, the effect of baffles in a pipe on heat transfer enhancement was studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in the presence of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles which are dispersed into water. Fluid flow through the horizontal tube with uniform heat flux was simulated numerically and three dimensional governing partial differential equations were solved. To find an accurate model for CFD simulations, the results obtained by the single phase were compared with those obtained by three different multiphase models including Eulerian, mixture and volume of fluid (VOF) at Reynolds numbers in range of 600 to 3000, and two different nanoparticle concentrations (1% and 1.6%). It was found that multiphase models could better predict the heat transfer in nanofluids. The effect of baffles on heat transfer of nanofluid flow was also investigated through a baffled geometry. The numerical results show that at Reynolds numbers in the range of 600 to 2100, the heat transfer of nanofluid flowing in the geometry without baffle is greater than that of water flowing through a tube with baffle, whereas the difference between these effects (nanofluid and baffle) decreases with increasing the Reynolds number. At higher Reynolds numbers (2100–3000) the baffle has a greater effect on heat transfer enhancement than the nanofluid.