聚苯砜醚应用简介

聚苯砜醚塑料是近几年来在双酚A型聚砜的基础上发展起来的一种新型合成材料。其结构式为:     

新型聚芳醚砜的合成

聚芳醚砜(PES)作为综合性能优良的工程塑料,近年来得到广泛的应用。本文研究了聚合时间、聚合温度、反应物配比对聚芳醚砜产量和分子量的影响,在双酚S/双氯/NaOH摩尔比为1∶1∶2.48、脱水时间2 h、聚合温度230℃、聚合时间8 h的条件下,制备了—OH封端的聚芳醚砜。     

新型特种工程塑料聚芳醚砜酮和聚芳醚砜热分解动力学及寿命预测

采用逐步聚合方法制备了新型特种工程塑料含二氮杂萘酮结构的聚芳醚砜酮［PPESK(1/1)］和聚芳醚砜(PPES).利用热失重(TGA)分析仪,氮气氛围中,多重加热扫描速率下的不定温法对PPESK(1/1)及PPES进行热分解动力学研究.根据Satava法得出,聚合物PPESK(1/1)分解反应机理为随机成核和随后生长,反应级数n=1;而聚合物PPES的热分解反应机理为相界面反应模式,反应级数n＝2.同时采用经典动力学方程Friedman、Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose(KAS)及Ozawa方程计算了热分解动力学参数(E_a,lnZ).重点考察升温速率、不同酮/砜比对PPESK（1/1）热稳定性影响,并且根据得到的动力学参数推测其在高温使用条件下的使用寿命及对热分解反应过程中“动力学补偿效应”（KCE）进行分析.     

新型工程塑料—聚羟砜醚

聚羟砜醚是一种新型热塑性工程塑料。它由苯酚与硫酸作用先合成双酚S,再与环氧氯丙烷在碱性介质中进行溶液缩聚而生成的一种含有砜基的酚氧树脂。其结构是:     

聚羟砜醚的热分析

聚羟砜醚是一种含有砜基的苯氧树脂,其结构式为它具有优良的热稳定性,耐化学腐蚀性,较高的硬度、抗弯性能,和优良的耐磨性能,是我国近年来发展起来的一种有希望的热塑性工程塑料。由于聚羟砜醚是一种新型的材料,其有关热分析方面的资料,所见不多。本工作系广州化工研究所及南中塑料厂委托。期望通过聚羟砜醚的热分析,为此种塑料的加工、改性及应用提供某些方面的参考依据。     

聚芳醚砜树脂干燥动力学研究

采用沸腾床干燥机,通过测定不同工艺条件下的干燥曲线和干燥速率曲线,研究了PES树脂的干燥特性。结果表明,进风温度和物料层厚度对干燥过程都有明显的影响,且PES干燥的动力学模型符合Page方程,并得到本试验条件下的动力学方程。实验方法与工业干燥过程接近,实验结论对PES的工业化装置选型及干燥过程参数控制具有重要参考意义。     

合成聚羟基醚砜的反应动力学

本文以聚乙二醇为催化剂，通过双酚－Ｓ和环氧氯丙烷反应合成了聚羟基醚砜。通过测定加入反应体系中碱的消耗研究了此聚合物生成反应的动力学。实验证明酚基与环氧氯丙烷反应的表观反应级数为二级，与链末端环氧基的反应也为二级。测定了该反应的速率常数和反应活化能     

新型工程塑料——聚羟砜醚简介

由广州市化工研究所和广州市南中塑料厂组成的聚羟砜醚试制小组,近二年来以批林整风为纲,开展工业学大庆,坚持毛主席的革命科研路线,走厂所结合的道路,研制出一种新型的工程塑料——聚羟砜醚,为我国工程塑料增添了一种新品种。聚羟砜醚是由苯酚与硫酸作用先合成双酚 S,再与环氧氯丙烷在碱介质中缩聚而成的一种含有砜基     

聚芳醚砜酮纤维的热性能

采用DSC、TG测定了含联苯结构聚芳醚砜酮 (PPESK)纤维的热性能 ,结果表明 ,纤维的玻璃化温度随砜酮比的增大而提高 ,纤维的起始分解温度大于 463℃。当砜酮比为 15 / 85 ,5 0 / 5 0 ,75 / 2 5时 ,纤维的玻璃化温度分别为 2 5 7.62 ,2 78.64 ,2 79.71℃ ;热分解活化能分别为 15 0 .8,2 19.9,195 .5kJ/mol;热分解反应级数分别为 1,1.76,1级     

Antifouling ultrafiltration membrane fabricated from poly (arylene ether ketone) bearing hydrophilic hydroxyl groups

A new kind of membrane formation polymer, cardo poly(arylene ether ketone) bearing hydrophilic hydroxyl groups (PEK‐OH) was synthesized from the biphenol monomer 2‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐3, 3‐bis (4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐isoindolin‐1‐one (PPH‐OH), and 4, 4′‐difluorodiphenylketone. PEK‐OH asymmetric ultrafiltration membranes were prepared using the immersion coagulation phase inversion method. The PEK‐OH membrane prepared using the optimized conditions exhibited a pure water flux of 516 ± 18 L·m^?2·h^?1 and a 99.1 ± 1.4% rejection of bovine serum albumin (BSA) at an operating pressure of 0.1 MPa. The contact angle of PEK‐OH membrane was 66.0 ± 2.4 lower than these of the PEK‐C membrane (87.0 ± 2.8°, prepared from polymer PEK‐C under the same membrane formation condition as PEK‐OH membrane) and the UE50 membrane (84.0 ± 1.6°, a commercial PES ultrafiltration membrane). The amount of BSA protein adsorbed to the PEK‐OH membrane under static condition was measured to be 3.12 μg·cm^?2, which was greatly lower than that of 88.71 μg·cm^?2 and 74.40 μg·cm^?2 for the PEK‐C and the UE50 ultrafiltration membranes, respectively. Under dynamic filtration of BSA experiments, the PEK‐OH ultrafiltration membrane showed a 78.3% water flux recovery ratio, while only a 39.7% for the PEK‐C membrane and 46.5% for UE50 membrane were detected in the first cycle. After three cycles of BSA and LYZ filtration, the flux recovery ratio of PEK‐OH ultrafiltration membrane changed to be stable at 75% and 73%, while that of PEK‐C and UE50 ultrafiltration membranes remained declining gradually. Thus, hydrophilic PEK‐OH improves antifouling membrane property. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 132, 42809.     

Anisotropic membranes from electrospun mats of sulfonated/nonsulfonated poly (ether ketone)s containing ion-rich paths as proton exchange membranes

Anisotropic proton exchange membranes composed of five layers with different contents of ionic groups across the membrane were prepared by simultaneous electrospinning of sulfonated and nonsulfonated poly(ether ketone) (PEK)s. To prepare nonporous and defect- free membranes from electrospun mats, nonsulfonated fibers as hydrophobic part of the membrane were melted by hot-pressing so that covered sulfonated fibers (hydrophilic part). Prepared membranes showed better thermal and dimensional stability compared to Nafion 115. Proton conductivity of membranes was comparable with Nafion especially at higher temperatures. Water uptake of prepared membranes and mechanical strength of them were in an acceptable range. The results showed that the difference between sulfonated PEK fibers in surface and center of the membranes affect proton conductivity and mechanical properties of the membranes.     

一步法制备含氨基化合物的非对称CO2分离膜

采用一步相分离法,制备以聚醚砜（PES）为主体材料,二乙醇胺（DEA）为添加剂和氨基载体的膜,用于CO₂分离。考察了PES浓度、DEA浓度、膜厚度对CO₂/N₂分离性能的影响,同时考察了膜性能的长时间稳定性。当涂膜液中DEA/PES的质量比为12/26、刮刀与无纺布的距离为300 μm、进料气压力为0.11 MPa（表压）时,膜的CO₂渗透速率可达274 GPU,CO₂/N₂分离因子可达50。测试温度低于40℃时,DEA/PES膜的CO₂渗透速率和CO₂/N₂分离因子保持稳定。另外,对CO₂/N₂分离性能较好的DEA/PES膜（质量比为12/27）进行CO₂/CH₄分离性能测试,在1 MPa（表压）下性能优于商品膜。上述结果表明,本文研制的DEA/PES膜制备步骤简单,易于规模化制备,性能较优,在CO₂分离领域具有良好的应用前景。     

微孔无机膜的研究状况与展望

本文作者借助大量的研究文献报道，较详细地综述了微孔及致密无机膜的近期研究进展。在综述了微孔无定形和多晶(沸石)无机膜的合成技术及其主要的特征的基础上，指出：寻求好的膜材质，开发有效的膜合成方法及改进当前膜材质的化学和结构稳定性，仍将是这些领域的研究焦点。     

Chemical modification of polyethersulfone nanofiltration membranes: A review

Polysulfone (PS) and poly(ether)sulfone (PES) are often used for synthesis of nanofiltration membranes, due to their chemical, thermal, and mechanical stability. The disadvantage for applying PS/PES is their high hydrophobicity, which increases membrane fouling. To optimize the performance of PS/PES nanofiltration membranes, membranes can be modified. An increase in membrane hydrophilicity is a good method to improve membrane performance. This article reviews chemical (and physicochemical) modification methods applied to increase the hydrophilicity of PS/PES nanofiltration membranes. Modification of poly(ether)sulfone membranes in view of increasing hydrophilicity can be carried out in several ways. Physical or chemical membrane modification processes after formation of the membrane create more hydrophilic surfaces. Such modification processes are (1) graft polymerization that chemically attaches hydrophilic monomers to the membrane surface; (2) plasma treatment, that introduces different functional groups to the membrane surface; and (3) physical preadsorption of hydrophilic components to the membrane surface. Surfactant modification, self‐assembly of hydrophilic nanoparticles and membrane nitrification are also such membrane modification processes. Another approach is based on modification of polymers before membrane formation. This bulk modification implies the modification of membrane materials before membrane synthesis of the incorporation of hydrophilic additives in the membrane matrix during membrane synthesis. Sulfonation, carboxylation, and nitration are such techniques. To conclude, polymer blending also results in membranes with improved surface characteristics. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Characteristics and Performances of Blended Polyethersulfone and Carbon-Based Nanomaterial Membranes: Effect of Nanomaterial Types and Air Exposure

Polyethersulfone (PES) is a widely used polymeric material for ultrafiltration or nanofiltration membranes. To enhance membrane permeability, rejection, and antifouling performance, the effect of four different types of carbon-based nanomaterials and air exposures during PES/carbon-based nanomaterial membrane fabrication was evaluated. The carbon-based nanomaterials were pristine carbon nanotubes, oxidized CNTs (CNTs-O), pristine graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs-P), and oxidized graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs-O). The characteristics and performances of pure and blended membranes were investigated based on their permeability, porosity, morphology, and hydrophobicity. Longer air contact time during membrane preparation resulted in lower membrane permeability, hydrophobicity, and porosity. All fabricated membranes tended to have channelled sponge-like structure, and highest permeability was attributed to the PES/GNPs-O membrane.     

聚醚砜膜原位清洗方法的实验研究

实验对已污染的聚醚砜膜进行了清洗的研究,并通过测量各种清洗剂清洗后膜水通量的恢复,确定适宜的清洗剂、清洗时间、清洗液浓度和操作压力,选择出最佳的清洗方案,取得较好的清洗效果。通过研究表明:被污染的聚醚砜膜用混合清洗剂清洗恢复率可达到85%,效果要明显优于单一的清洗方法。     

Effects of pre-oxidant (KMnO4) on structure and performance of PVDF and PES membranes

The structure and performance of membrane materials are very important to the efficient and stable operation in membrane drinking water purification technology. Potassium permanganate (KMnO₄), which can change the characteristics of organic matters and control membrane surface fouling, has been widely used as pre-oxidant in the front of membrane drinking water process. This study investigates the evolution of membrane surface structure and performance when polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyethersulfone (PES) were exposed to 10, 100 and 1000 mg·L^-1 KMnO₄ solution for 6 and 12 d, respectively. The aged membrane physicochemical characteristics such as membrane surface morphology, chemical composition, hydrophilicity, porosity and zeta potential were evaluated by modern analytical and testing instruments. The anti-fouling property of membrane surface was also investigated by the filtration-backwash experiment. The results indicated that the different concentrations and exposure time of KMnO₄ led to a different variation on PVDF and PES membrane surface structure and performance, which could further affect the membrane separation performance and the membrane fouling behaviors. The membrane surface pore size and porosity increased due to the dislodgment and degradation of membrane additive (PVP), which improved membrane permeability and enhanced the adsorption and deposition of pollutants in the membrane pores. With the increase of exposure time, the membrane surface pore size and porosity reduced for the reactions of chain scission and crosslinking on membrane materials, and the backwashing efficiency declined, leading to a more serious irreversible fouling. Compared with PVDF membranes, the formation of sulfonic group for PES membranes increased the negative charge on membrane surface due to the oxidation of KMnO₄. The present study provides some new insights for the regulation of the pre-oxidant dose and the selection of the membrane materials in KMnO₄ pre-oxidation combined with membrane filtration system.     

Polyethersulfone-polyvinylpyrrolidone composite membranes:Effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone content and polydopamine coating on membrane morphology,structure and performances

Hydrophilic modification is a promising method to inhibit fouling formation on ultrafiltration membrane.In this work,different mass concentrations (1％-16％) of hydrophilic polyvinylpyrrolidone were incorpo-rated into polyethersulfone (PES) membranes fabricated by none-solvent induced phase separation.Then,polydopamine (PDA) coating on the surface of prepared membrane was carried out at pH 8.5.The mor-phology and structure,surface hydrophilicity,permeation flux,BSA rejection,antifouling and stability performances of PES and PDA/PES modified membranes were investigated in detail.The results indicated that PDA was successfully attached onto the membranes.Membrane hydrophilicity was evaluated by water contact angle measurement.The contact angles of modified membranes reduced remarkably,sug-gesting that the membrane hydrophilicities were significantly increased.The results of filtration tests,which were done by dead-end filtration of bovine serum albumin solution,showed that the properties of permeability and fouling resistance were obviously improved by PDA modification.When polyvinylpyrrolidone mass content reached 10％,flux recovery ratio of modified membrane was up to 91.23％,and its BSA rejection were over 70％.The results of stability tests showed that the modified mem-branes had good mechanical stability and chemical stability.This facile fabrication procedure and out-standing performances suggested that the modified membranes had a potential in treating fouling.     

Characterization of Surface Modification of Polyethersulfone Membrane

Surface modification of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane surfaces using UV/ozone pretreatment with subsequent grafting and interfacial polymerization on membrane surface was investigated in order to improve the resistance of membrane surface to protein adsorption. The surface modifications were evaluated in terms of hydrophilicity, chemical composition of the surface and static protein adsorption. In both methods, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and chitosan were chosen as hydrophilic polymers to chemically modify the commercial virgin PES membrane to render it more hydrophilic as these materials have excellent hydrophilic property. Modified PES membranes were characterized by contact angle and XPS. Contact angles of modified PES membranes were reduced by 19 to 58% of that of the virgin PES membrane. PES membrane modified with PEG shows higher wettability than other hydrophilic materials with the highest contact angle reduction shown for UV/ozone pretreated, PEG grafted PES membrane surface. In general, XPS spectra supported that the PES membranes were successfully modified by both grafting with UV/ozone pretreatment and interfacial polymerization methods. The results of the static protein adsorption experiments showed all surface modifications led to reduction in protein adsorption on PES membranes; the highest protein adsorption reduction occurred with membrane modified by UV/ozone pretreatment followed by PES grafting, which corresponded to the highest contact angle reduction. However, there seems to be no clear correlation between contact angle reduction and reduction in protein adsorption in the case that involved chitosan. Nevertheless, membranes modified with chitosan do show higher reduction in protein adsorption than membranes modified with other materials under the same conditions.