桥式超导故障限流器的数字仿真研究

桥式超导故障限流器,它由超导磁体、二极管桥路和直流偏压源组成。超导故障限流器与常规限流电抗器不同之处是:将其接入电网,当电力系统正常运行时,超导体电阻几乎为零,对电力系统运行无影响;当电网发生短路故障时,超导线圈可以无时延地被自动串入线路,从而限制了短路故障电流,使得轻型断路器可以正常动作。通过PSCAD软件对超导故障限流器的运行特性进行仿真分析,证明超导故障限流器在电力系统中应用的意义与前景。     

桥式超导故障限流器的短路试验研究

电力系统传统的限制短路电流的方式是加装限流电抗器,但它在系统正常运行时有电压降和能耗。中科院电工所在国家超导中心的支持下,研制了２２０Ｖ／２５Ａ桥式超导故障限流器,它由ＮｂＴｉ超导磁体、二极管桥路和直流偏压源组成。将其接入电网,当电力系统正常运行时,超导体电阻几乎为零,对电力系统运行无影响;当电网发生短路,超导线圈被自动串入线路,从而限制了短路电流。在４．２Ｋ温度下进行短路试验,短路电流缩减率达４     

超导故障限流器

电力系统的高速发展导致了短路电流水平急剧增大，短路电流的增加严重影响了电网的安全运行。超导故障限流器集检测，触发和限流于一身，可快速有效地限制短路电流，突破电网安全瓶颈，有效解决困扰电力系统发展的短路电流问题。文中介绍各种超导故障限流器的基本工作原理、国内外发展概况及其应用情况。     

超导故障限流器的电力应用研究进展

从限制电力系统短路电流出发,介绍了一种全新的超导限流技术,分析 了超导故障限流器的限流原理和特性,详细介绍了6种类型的超导故障限流器结构及其工作 原理,并阐述国内外各种超导故障限流器的研究现状和前景。     

新型桥式超导故障限流器的仿真研究

普通桥式超导故障限流器(Superconducting Fault Current Limter,SFCL)只能限制故障短路电流的峰值.不能限制短路电流的稳态值.应用电力电子技术对桥式超导限流器的结构进行改进,能在保持原有桥式限流器优点的基础上,有效限制短路电流的稳态值.针对一种新型桥式SFCL,在分析其限流过程的基础上,利用PSCAD仿真系统分析发生三相短路故障时的限流情况,并对影响其限流效果的限流电阻、超导电感及电阻投切装置的响应时间3个主要参数进行了进一步的讨论.结果表明,该限流器在配电网中不仅能有效地限制短路故障电流,抑制母线电压跌落,而且不用更换现有的开关设备,具有较大的经济效益.     

超导故障限流器及其研究现状

本文介绍超导故障限流器的类型，结构和原理，并对各类限流器进行评价，综合了其研究现状和发展趋势。     

超导故障限流器的电力应用研究进展

从限制电力系统短路电流出发,介绍了一种全新的超导限流技术,分析了超导故障限流器的限流原理和特性详细介绍了６种类型的超导故障限流器结构及其工作原理,并阐述了国内外各种超导故障限流器的研究现状和前景。     

超导故障限流器及其进展

阐述了超导限流器的工作原理和结构，并介绍国外最近研制的超导限流器模型、特性和试验结果。     

超导故障限流器在电力系统中的应用研究

超导故障限流器与常规限流电抗器不同的是：它不但可以限制短路电流,使得轻型断路器可以正常动作,而且在电网正常运行时不呈现任何阻抗和电压降。首先对超导故障限流器的原理,分类及主要运行参数进行了讨论。通过ＥＭＴＰ９６对超导故障限流器的运行特性进行了仿真,证明超导故障限流器可以在电力系统中的应用。     

超导故障限流器的应用研究新进展

在对原有超导限流器分类的基础上,论述了超导限流器在电力系统应用的最新进展及国内外的工程情况。着重介绍了电阻型、桥路型、桥路串阻型及全控桥型等几种具有较高应用价值的超导故障限流器的原理及特点,并对限流储能相结合的超导设备原理进行了探讨。最后,指出了超导限流器的未来发展趋势及面临的若干问题。     

Magnetic-shield type superconducting fault current limiter with high Tc superconductors

The continuous development of electric power utilities has led to the increase in problems concerning fault currents. The use of fault current limiters, which suppress fault currents below a certain level, has been examined widely. The authors have studied a superconducting fault current limiter that is based on the magnetic shielding characteristics of superconductors. In this paper, three kinds of fault current limiters with high T_c superconductors and their results tested at liquid nitrogen temperature are presented. The experimental results show that the impedances of limiters in the fault condition became higher than those in the normal condition but were lower than the anticipated ones. Next, a numerical calculation model to analyze the experimental results is presented. The calculation results with this model agreed with the aforementioned experimental ones very well. From these studies it is concluded that it is necessary for the sudden transition from the superconducting state to the fully resistive state to be caused by suitable means.     

一种新型超导直流故障限流器

与用于交流系统或双极直流系统的限流器不同,用于多端柔性直流系统的故障限流装置应能够在短路故障发生初期有效抑制故障电流的快速上升,避免在线路断路器动作之前换流器桥臂闭锁。针对这一性能要求提出了一种专门用于多端柔性直流电网中的新型超导故障限流器的基本结构和工作原理,并制作了原理验证样机。通过对原理验证样机开展的一系列实验,证明了设计结构与原理的可行性。实验结果也充分展示了这类限流器的功能特性,如其能充分利用铁芯的最大磁导率在短路故障发生的几个毫秒内实现最大限流感抗,从而有效抑制故障早期的短路电流上升率。此外,可以通过对超导隔离环组数量的调整,设定限流器的限流阈值,灵活适应不同直流系统的限流需求。     

Proposed hybrid superconducting fault current limiter for distribution systems

In this paper, a new hybrid fault current limiter is proposed for primary distribution systems. It incorporates a high temperature superconducting element in parallel with other two branches. The first is an inductive impedance to share the fault current with. The second branch is a gate-turn-off thyristor switch controlled to work in either of two modes. For the main mode, it controls the temperature of the superconducting element and protect it against damaging excessive heating. Instead, it keeps the device applicable without that superconducting element in the auxiliary operation mode. The design, control and operation of the device is addressed. Its performance in 11 kV distribution systems with DG is investigated. The factors affecting the device behavior for different scenarios are explored.     

Case study of HTS resistive superconducting fault current limiter in electrical distribution systems

As electric power systems grow and become more interconnected, the fault current levels increase. Superconducting fault current limiters (SFCL) can limit the prospective short-circuit currents to lower levels, so that the underrated switchgears can be operated safely. In order to introduce SFCL into the electric power system, we need a way to conveniently predict the limiting characteristics in a given situation. We have developed an Electromagnetic Transient Program (EMTP) model of high temperature resistive type SFCL based on the electric field (E)–current density (J) characteristic of the superconductor. The SFCL in series with a circuit breaker could be practically used in electrical distribution systems. Case studies of EMTP simulations show that the SFCL cannot only limit the fault current to an acceptable value, but also reduce voltage decrease and the rise rate of the transient recovery voltage. In order to ensure the safe and proper usage of SFCL, some future considerations on the interaction between SFCL and power systems are presented as well.     

一种电感型超导故障限流器的设计要点

引言电力系统的发展使故障电流不断增加 ,因而对电力系统的设备也增加了不利影响 ,故障电流增加时 :·在设备上增加了电流的动态影响 ;·增加了热影响 ;·有可能超过断路器的电流遮断能力。故障时的其他不利影响是对并网发电机和电机的干扰。故障电流水平的增加导致有必要去制造出新的变压器、发电机、母线和断路器 ,在计算它们的参数时必须计及故障电流的不利影响。这样的结果是大量增加设备的尺寸、重量和成本。传统的限制故障电流的方法会导致电力设备成本的增加 ,用户供电可靠性的降低和电力系统动态稳定的削弱等等。一种更加引人注目的…     

Fundamental performance of superconducting fault current limiter with two air core coils

In this paper, we theoretically compared the fundamental characteristics of fault current limiter (FCL) with high‐Tc superconductor (HTS) and two coaxial air‐core coils based on steady‐state analysis. Two types of FCL are possible. One is parallel type and the other is transformer type. The parallel type can be divided into two types according to the combination of the winding direction of coils. That is, there are two cases that the coils are wound so that the magnetic fluxes induced by coils reduce and increase each other. In this paper, we called them parallel type 1 and 2, respectively. There is no significant difference in the HTS volume required to satisfy both the specified limiting impedance Z_FCL and initial current I_ini in limiting operation among those three FCLs although the HTS in each type of FCL has different length and cross‐sectional area. In the cases of those FCLs, we can improve the current limiting performance by arranging the HTS in the coils and applying the magnetic flux to the HTS in the limiting operation. The magnitudes of the magnetic flux density are almost the same. From the viewpoint of the FCL impedance in normal operation, parallel type 1 has the most desirable structure. On the other hand, transformer type is the best to eliminate the magnetic flux applied to the HTS in the normal operation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(3): 29–36, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20477     

Bridge-type superconducting fault current limiter effect on distance relay characteristics

The growth of the electrical energy generation and the increased interconnection of networks lead to higher fault current levels. The superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) offers a solution to these problems with many significant advantages. The bridge-type SFCL can limit the fault current without any delay and smooth the surge current waveform. The application of SFCLs in networks can affect the protection system. In this paper, the impact of the bridge-type SFCL on the apparent impedance of the distance relay is studied. The analytical and simulation studies are presented for phase to ground and phase to phase faults, to show the impact of the bridge-type SFCL on the performance of the distance relay and its characteristics.     

Application study of a high‐temperature superconducting fault current limiter for electric power system

Using high‐temperature superconductors, a superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) was fabricated and tested. The superconductor and a vacuum interrupter serving as a commutation switch were connected in parallel with a bypass coil. When a fault occurs and excessive current flows, the superconductor is first quenched and the current is transferred to the bypass coil because of the voltage drop of the superconductor. At the same time, since a magnetic field is generated by the current flowing in the bypass coil, the commutation switch is immediately driven by an electromagnetic repulsion plate connected to the driving rod of the vacuum interrupter (VI), and the superconductor is separated from this circuit. Using the test model, we were able to separate the superconductor from the circuit by the movement of the VI within a half current cycle and to transfer all current to the bypass coil. Since the operation of the commutation switch is included in the current limiting operation of this test model, it will be a useful circuit in the development of SFCL in the future. Moreover, since it can make the energy consumption of the superconductor small during the fault state due to the realization of a high‐speed switch with simple composition, the burden on the superconductor is reduced compared with the conventional resistive type of SFCL and it is considered that the flexibility of SFCL design is increased. Cooperation with a circuit breaker was also considered; trial calculations of the parameters and energy of operation were conducted and a discussion of the installation of the SFCL in an electric power system is presented. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 155(4): 20–29, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20265