pH、离子强度、时间和温度对Cd(Ⅱ)在伊利石上吸附的影响

用批量平衡法研究了pH值、离子强度、反应时间和温度对Cd(Ⅱ)在伊利石上吸附的影响。并用Lagrange准二级动力学方程、Langmuir等温线方程、Freundlich等温线方程以及D-R等温线方程对实验数据进行拟合。结果表明:pH值和离子强度对Cd(Ⅱ)在伊利石上的吸附均有明显的影响,低pH值下Cd(Ⅱ)在伊利石上的吸附主要是通过外层络合和离子交换;而在高pH值下Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附主要是通过内层络合作用进行;Cd(Ⅱ)在伊利石上的吸附动力学符合Lagrange准二级动力学方程;热力学符合Langmuir等温线方程;升高温度有利于Cd(Ⅱ)在伊利石上的吸附。     

坡缕石对Sr(Ⅱ)的吸附热力学研究

采用静态吸附法研究了坡缕石对水溶液中Sr(Ⅱ)的吸附热力学特征,并考察了时间、溶液pH值和离子强度对吸附效果的影响。结果表明：Sr(Ⅱ)在坡缕石上的吸附受pH值和离子强度的影响明显;坡缕石对Sr(Ⅱ)的吸附主要通过表面络合和离子交换进行;吸附过程符合Lagergren准二级速率方程;吸附等温线符合Freundlich和D-R模型,升高温度有利于吸附反应的进行;热力学参数ΔH°、ΔS°和ΔG°的计算结果表明,坡缕石对Sr(Ⅱ)的吸附是自发进行的吸热反应。     

离子强度、温度、pH和腐殖酸浓度对Th(Ⅳ)在凹凸棒石上吸附的影响

用静态批式的方法研究了pH值、离子强度、温度和腐殖酸浓度等因素对Th(Ⅳ) 在凹凸棒石上的吸附、解吸的影响.结果表明,pH值对Th(Ⅳ) 在凹凸棒石上的吸附有显著影响,而离子强度对吸附的影响却相对较弱;Th(Ⅳ)在凹凸棒石表面的吸附主要通过内层络合形式进行,而外层络合和离子交换只是微弱的作用;当pH=1.80时,富里酸(FA)和胡敏酸(HA)对吸附亦有促进作用;升高温度有利于Th(Ⅳ) 在凹凸棒石上的吸附,通过热力学数据ΔH, ΔS和ΔG分析发现,Th(Ⅳ) 在凹凸棒石上的吸附是一个吸热且自发的过程;同时,Th(Ⅳ)在凹凸棒石上的吸附过程是不可逆的.     

ZSM-5分子筛表面酸碱性质及对Co~(2+)的吸附

采用XRD、FTIR和酸碱滴定等手段对ZSM-5分子筛性质进行研究。采用静态批实验方法研究pH值、离子强度、固液比、平衡时间和Co2+浓度等因素对Co2+在ZSM-5分子筛表面上吸附的影响。结果表明,ZSM-5分子筛对Co2+具有较好的吸附能力和吸附容量;在低pH值下ZSM-5分子筛表面吸附位是以XH、YOH、YO-、YOH2+和XNa形态为主;而在高pH值条件下以YO-和XNa两种形态为主。Co2+在ZSM-5分子筛上的吸附符合准二级动力学;吸附作用受离子强度和pH值影响比较明显。在低pH值下,Co2+主要与ZSM-5分子筛表面发生离子交换作用(X2Co);在高pH值下以表面络合吸附为主(主要形成YOHCo2+和YOCo+两种形态)。     

等离子体诱导乙烯吡啶修饰多壁碳纳米管富集放射性核素60Co(Ⅱ)

采用等离子体诱导方法在多壁碳纳米管(multi-walled carbon nanotubes,MWCNTs)上修饰上乙烯吡啶,获得乙烯吡啶改性碳纳米管(碳纳米管-乙烯吡啶,MWCNTs-g-VP)。用静态批实验的方法研究了pH值、吸附剂浓度和离子强度等因素对碳纳米管-乙烯吡啶富集放射性核素60 Co(Ⅱ)的影响。结果表明:引入乙烯吡啶不仅能改善碳纳米管在水溶液中的分散性,同时还能提高碳纳米管表面官能团的含量,进而提高碳纳米管对60 Co(Ⅱ)的富集效果;pH值与离子强度对碳纳米管-乙烯吡啶富集60 Co(Ⅱ)有显著影响;碳纳米管-乙烯吡啶富集60 Co(Ⅱ)的作用方式包括内层络合和外层络合。Langmuir模型拟合结果显示:在pH=7.5时,碳纳米管-乙烯吡啶对60 Co(Ⅱ)的最大富集量是13.9mg/g,相对较高的富集量说明碳纳米管-乙烯吡啶可以用于水溶液中放射性核素的富集。     

聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸共聚微凝胶对水溶液中Ni(Ⅱ)的吸附性能

以聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸共聚微凝胶(PNIPA-co-AA)为吸附剂，采用静态批试法研究了Ni(Ⅱ)在共聚微凝胶上的吸附行为。探讨了震荡时间、固液比、pH值、离子强度及温度等因素对吸附结果的影响，测定了共聚微凝胶在不同温度下对Ni(Ⅱ)的吸附等温线。结果表明：固液比、pH值和离子强度均对吸附过程有明显影响；吸附过程在30 min内即可达到平衡；Langmiur方程能够很好的拟合吸附等温线。热力学参数(ΔH、ΔS和ΔG)表明，此吸附过程是一个自发、吸热的过程。吸附能力在经过7次的吸附-解吸附过程后没有明显的下降。离子交换是此吸附过程的主要机理。     

Th(Ⅳ)在高庙子膨润土上的吸附行为

采用静态批式法研究了Th(Ⅳ)在高庙子膨润土上的吸附行为。探讨了接触时间、pH、离子强度、固液比以及腐殖酸对吸附的影响。测定了293.15 K下的吸附等温线。实验结果表明,pH和离子强度对Th(Ⅳ)吸附的影响很大,腐殖酸在低pH下促进Th(Ⅳ)在高庙子膨润土上的吸附,而在高pH下几乎没有影响;Th(Ⅳ)在高庙子膨润土上的吸附主要通过表面络合和离子交换进行;Langmuir方程可以很好的拟合吸附等温线。     

放射性核素60Co(Ⅱ)在伊利石上的吸附行为

本工作利用FTIR和XRD对伊利石进行了详细的表征和分析,并采用静态批式法研究了接触时间、pH、离子强度、溶液电解质离子类型和腐殖酸等环境因素对放射性核素60Co(Ⅱ)在伊利石上吸附行为的影响.实验结果表明,60Co(Ⅱ)在伊利石上的吸附受pH和离子强度影响明显.在pH＜8时腐殖酸促进60Co(Ⅱ)在伊利石上的吸附,而...     

~(125)I~-在高庙子膨润土上的吸附行为

通过批式吸附实验研究了溶液pH值、离子强度、温度、固液比等因素对~(125)I~-在高庙子膨润土上吸附行为的影响。结果表明,~(125)I~-在高庙子膨润土上的吸附受溶液pH值和离子强度影响显著,在中性和碱性条件下,~(125)I~-的吸附很弱,随着pH的降低吸附迅速增强并在pH=2.0出现最大值,之后随着pH继续降低,吸附迅速减小。在T=298K、pH=2.0、0.10mol/L NaClO_4背景电解质浓度下,~(125)I~-在高庙子膨润土上的最大吸附分配系数约为92mL/g。采用自动电位滴定技术测得高庙子膨润土的pH_(PZC)≈9.5,蒙脱石的pH_(PZC)≈10.5。温度对~(125)I~-在膨润土上的吸附无显著影响,Freundlich等温吸附模型更适合描述不同温度下~(125)I~-在高庙子膨润土上的吸附行为。     

离子强度、pH和腐殖酸对膨润土吸附Ni(Ⅱ)的影响

采用静态批式法研究了Ni(Ⅱ)在膨润土上的吸附行为,探讨了震荡时间、pH、离子强度、膨润土浓度以及腐殖酸浓度对吸附的影响。实验结果表明：在低pH条件下,离子强度对Ni(Ⅱ)的吸附影响很大,Ni(Ⅱ)的吸附主要是离子交换和外层表面络和作用;在高pH条件下,Ni(Ⅱ)的吸附受pH影响较小,Ni(Ⅱ)的吸附主要是内层表面络和作用。溶液中的腐殖酸,在低pH条件下促进Ni(Ⅱ)在膨润土上的吸附,而在高pH条件下降低Ni(Ⅱ)在膨润土上的吸附。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.