我国碎米资源及其转化利用技术 现状与发展

稻米加工过程中会产生15%~20%的碎米,其营养成分和整米相近,碎米资源的增值利用技术备受关注。总结并分析了国内外碎米淀粉、蛋白质资源转化利用技术及碎米全利用与食品转化技术的研究现状与发展,旨在为我国碎米资源转化利用新技术及新产品开发提供参考。     

米糟制备大米蛋白研究

以米糟为原料对四种制备大米蛋白不同方法,即碱蛋白酶两步法、水溶液洗涤法、淀粉酶除杂法和非淀粉酶除杂法进行比较;研究结果发现,后三种方法在制备大米蛋白时得率(>85%)和纯度(>80%)明显高于第一种方法得率(约69.2%)和纯度(约70%)。     

分析影响大米水分因素

大米水分是大米一个重要质量指标。该文从原粮供应至终端销售整个生产体系对大米水分有影响因素进行综合分析,以便生产企业参考。     

浅析上海市场粳米样品质量

为方便消费者选购所需粳米,从上海多家超市、大卖场随机采集各地生产、各种规格、包装,具代表性品牌商品粳米作为样品;通过相关仪器检测及结合国标"米饭感官评价评分"标准综合评分,力图客观重点分析各粳米样品食味品质并将其汇总展示,以供消费者选购粳米时参考,以期能明白、安心、满意消费。     

Comparison of physical and chemical properties of medium-grain rice cultivars grown in California and Arkansas

ABSTRACT:  The physical attributes, chemical composition, and physicochemical properties of 2 medium-grain rice cultivars from Arkansas (Bengal, Medark) and from California (M202, M204) were compared when grown in their respective locations and grown together in Arkansas to better understand the impacts of heredity and environment on medium-grain rice quality. Variations existed in grain dimensions, particularly length distribution, among cultivars and between crop years. When grown separately, the Arkansas cultivars tended to have higher protein and lipid contents but lower amylose contents than the California cultivars. M204 contained a significantly higher apparent amylose content (21.0%) compared with the other 3 cultivars (14.3% to 16.4%). The Arkansas rice cultivars exhibited higher pasting and gelatinization temperatures and produced harder gels and less sticky cooked rice. However, when the 4 cultivars were grown together in Arkansas, differences in protein and amylose contents, gelatinization and pasting properties, and cooked rice texture decreased. This study demonstrated that genetics, location, and crop year all contributed to variations in rice chemical and physical characteristics.     

无机砷在糙米中的分布规律研究

研究无机砷在不同品种糙米中的含量及其分布规律。选取宜昌地区8个不同品种的糙米,分别测定大米和米糠中无机砷的含量及砷类物质的组成。大米中无机砷含量范围为0. 080～0. 142 mg/kg,平均值为0.092 mg/kg,米糠中无机砷含量范围为0.371～0.875 mg/kg,平均值为0.609 mg/kg,米糠中无机砷含量约为大米中无机砷含量的5. 3～8. 2倍。每千克糙米中无机砷的质量范围为0. 147～0. 313 mg,平均值为0. 198mg,其中米糠中无机砷比重占55. 27%～66. 26%,约为大米中无机砷比重的2倍。糙米中砷的形态主要为无机砷,主要分布于米糠中。     

方便米饭保质期快速检测方法研究

方便米饭是我国食品业新兴一种食品,由于其独特加工工艺和食用方法,产品保质期判断和快速测试分析方法不同于一般食品;该文介绍一种方便米饭保质期快速有效检测方法。     

糙米储藏过程中品质变化研究进展

该文主要对糙米在贮藏过程中品质变化进行综述,包括如水分、脂肪酸、淀粉总量、过氧化氢酶和粘性等特性;同时介绍贮藏过程有害生物对糙米品质影响。     

大米蛋白制备研究进展

大米蛋白是一种优质的谷物蛋白,是目前稻米深加工的研究热点。制备大米蛋白的常用方法有溶剂提取、酶法提取、碱法提取、物理分离和复合提取法。溶剂提取和酶法提取成本高,碱法提取耗用大量碱性溶液,物理分离需要特制设备,复合提取是今后的研究方向     

大米蛋白制备研究进展

大米蛋白是一种优质的谷物蛋白,是目前稻米深加工的研究热点。介绍了制备大米蛋白的常用方法如溶剂提取、酶法提取、碱法提取、物理分离和复合提取法,并且探讨了各自的特点。     

HU10FT新型砻谷机简介

介绍了佐竹公司最新研制的HU10FT型砻谷机,从产量,脱壳率,碎米率、风选性能等方面分析了该机型的优势。     

大米蛋白研究进展

本文从开发利用蛋白质的角度，介绍了近年来国内外在大米蛋白结构、性质、功能及开发方面的研究进展。指出大米蛋白中有大量-s-s-的存在，大米蛋白及其水解物不仅具有重要的营养功能、适宜的食品加工性能，还具有潜在的医疗保健作用，它是宝贵的蛋白资源。开发利用大米蛋白具有重要意义。     

日本碾米工业的技术发展

着重介绍了日本碾米工业发展的新技术、新工艺和新成果，并简单介绍我国在新陈稻判定和大米保鲜技术方面取得的新成果。     

Non-linear viscoelastic behavior of cooked white,brown, and germinated brown Thai jasmine rice by large deformation relaxation test

Stress relaxation tests at high strain were conducted on scoops of cooked white, brown, and germinated brown Thai jasmine rice using a King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang test rig. The diameter of the scoop was 35 mm and the height was 10 mm. Non-linear modeling, consisting of four relaxation models, was applied to the data obtained for each type of rice. The modeling methods included Peleg and Normand’s; Yadav, Roopa, and Bhattacharya’s; Jaya and Durance’s; and Myhan, Markowski, and Daszkiewicz’s. The cooked white rice showed greater tenderness compared to the others. The toughness of the three types of cooked rice was not found to be different. The Myhan et al. model was the most accurate in describing the non-linear viscoelastic behavior of all types of cooked rice. The cooked brown rice showed the highest initial decay rate, but the lowest relaxation, lowest elasticity, and greatest viscosity. In contrast, the cooked white rice had opposite characteristics.     

非糯性大米粉糊粘度性质的研究

本文用Brabender粘度计研究了多种粳、籼米粉在不同糊浓度、pH值、蔗糖、盐存在下，糊粘度的变化性质。     

大米储藏保鲜技术研究进展

大米是人类主要食品,大米保鲜目的是防止大米在仓储、市场流通和消费者存放过程中生虫、长霉及延缓其陈化,大米主要储藏技术包括常温储藏、低温储藏、气调(自然缺氧、充CO2、充N2、真空)储藏、化学储藏等常规保鲜法:一些新的技术如辐照技术、纳米技术、微波技术和涂抹保鲜技术等也已开始研究应用。该文介绍大米储藏保鲜技术现状及几种新型保鲜技术。     

稻米胚及米胚油的品质分析

从原料米糠中分离出纯稻米胚和纯米糠,利用溶剂浸出法分别提取其中油脂并进行品质分析对比,以研究稻米胚及米胚油的营养品质。结果表明:稻米胚粗脂肪含量27.06%,粗蛋白含量19.50%,粗纤维含量4.88%,比米糠粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量明显提高,粗纤维含量降低;米胚油的酸值(KOH)、过氧化值、维生素E含量、谷维素含量、植物甾醇含量分别为21.7 mg/g、6.1 mmol/kg、43.18 mg/100 g、0.47%、3.07%,与米糠油相比,米胚油的酸值(KOH)降低了23.8 mg/g,过氧化值降低了1.7 mmol/kg,维生素E含量提高了17.18 mg/100 g,植物甾醇含量相差不大,谷维素含量降低0.93个百分点。米胚油在酸值和维生素E含量方面较米糠油具有明显优势,新鲜稻米胚既可以直接作为营养丰富的产品,也是优质食用油的原料。     

The effect of Thai glutinous rice cultivars, grain length and cultivating locations on the quality of rice cracker (arare)

Physicochemical and thermal properties of two Thai glutinous rice cultivars (RD6 and Short Grain) differing in grain length (whole grain and broken rice) and cultivating locations (the upper northeastern and the middle northeastern regions) and the quality characteristics of glutinous rice cracker produced from them were studied. RD6 cultivar was different in amylose content, gel consistency, volume expansion and hardness of rice cracker with those of Short Grain cultivar. Broken rice significantly gave greater amylose content, harder cool gel texture, less swelling, lower volume expansion and harder texture of rice cracker than whole grain rice. Furthermore, structure of starch molecule of broken rice differed from that of whole rice. The physicochemical, thermal properties and the qualities of rice crackers of RD6 cultivated from the upper northeastern and the middle northeastern regions showed no significant difference. To obtain good qualities of rice cracker, the rice should have lower amylose content, softer cool paste texture, greater breakdown value and less setback of amylogram. Amylose content and alkali gel consistency (120 mg flour) were significantly correlated with several other rice properties. The analysis of both properties is useful for the industry in controlling the quality of glutinous rice being used as raw material.     

米糠蛋白综合利用

该文以稻谷加工过程中主要副产品之一的米糠作为蛋白原料进行综合利用分析,并阐述了米糠蛋白的提取方法。     

生米发酵食品的研究进展

生米发酵食品是一种重要的米制品种类,在我国具有悠久的发展历史。本文阐述了几种生米发酵食品的特点及大米在发酵过程中的微生物的变化情况及发酵对化学组成和理化性质的影响。发酵过程中微生物对大米中的物质进行降解,形成发酵制品的特殊风味,其中优势菌种为乳酸菌。发酵后淀粉的含量有所增加,脂肪、蛋白质和灰分的含量逐渐减少,但游离脂肪酸的含量增加。发酵有利于淀粉的糊化,较大地改变了大米制品的质地。随着对发酵米制品的制作机理的深入研究,生米发酵制品在食品工业中的应用将越来越广泛。