轧制方式对工业包装铝合金板材微结构 及各向异性的影响

为了获得工业包装用高强高韧铝合金材料,采用喷射成形快速凝固技术和大压下量轧制技术制备了Al-9Mg合金板材。采用透射电镜、扫描电镜(采用EBSD技术)和X射线衍射仪测定了挤压态和轧制态Al-9Mg合金板材的微结构及织构特征,并测试了板材的各向异性行为。试验结果表明:大压下量交叉轧制CBA促进了动态再结晶的发生,细化了晶粒组织,显著提高了大角度晶界的比例;与挤压态和AAA轧制方式相比较,CBA轧制方式显著降低了挤压态合金中典型的Brass织构{110}112的取向密度,在β取向线上CBA轧制态板材中的Brass织构取向密度最低,且板材中没有典型的织构特征;同时,CBA轧制态合金板材具有更好的深冲性能,在3个方向0°,45°和90°的力学性能基本一致,其室温拉伸强度和伸长率分别在592MPa和19.6%以上。     

镁合金板材轧制成型的研究进展

镁合金板材在变形镁合金中占有重要的地位,但其轧制成型工艺还不是很成熟.分析了镁合金轧制成型的特点,论述了镁合金板材轧制成型的工艺,及异步轧制、等径角轧制、交叉棍轧制、累积叠轧等轧制方式对轧制成形性及板材组织性能的影响.重点阐述了通过调整轧制工艺和选择轧制方式提高镁合金的轧制成形性.指出了镁合金板材轧制中存在的问题和今后发展的方向.     

Ti-6Al-4V合金包覆叠轧薄板的轧制工艺对力学性能的影响

主要研究了包覆叠轧加工及热处理工艺对Ti-6Al-4V合金室温拉伸及疲劳性能的影响规律,用金相显微镜和扫描电镜观察分析了疲劳裂纹的扩展路径及断口形貌.结果表明,在交叉轧制状态下,Ti-6Al-4V合金板材的织构较弱,且该状态下的疲劳性能最好,疲劳裂纹尖端有塑性钝化;而在较低轧制温度和单向轧制状态下,合金板材具有强烈的织构,疲劳裂纹呈快速扩展.     

镁稀土合金板材的热轧工艺与组织性能研究

对挤压态Mg-12Gd-3Y-0.4Zr合金板材在450℃下分别以10%,30%,50%和70%的道次压下量进行轧制,并对轧制板材进行时效处理以进一步提高其强度。本文研究了合金在轧制及时效态的组织及力学性能。试验结果表明,轧制过程可显著细化合金组织并有第二相析出,使力学性能得到提高。其中以50%压下量轧制的板材组织及力学性能最优,T5处理后其最高强度可达屈服396MPa,抗拉486MPa。     

热处理工艺对钼金属板材组织和性能影响的研究进展

金属钼是一种硬而坚韧的难熔金属,熔点高达2620℃,具有良好的耐腐蚀、抗蠕变和抗热震性,被广泛应用于航空航天、核工业及电子产业.钼及钼合金常通过粉末冶金制备,避免传统工艺制备工序复杂的同时保证了钼及钼合金的成分及成品质量.其体心立方结构和塑脆转变温度高,严重影响了钼和钼合金的成型加工性能及由资源向钼成品转化的经济效益.成型加工中常使用锻造和轧制手段进行变形,但是会造成严重的加工硬化.热处理工艺能简单有效地改善钼金属在加工过程中的残余应力、加工硬化等不利影响,提升产品的质量与性能.钼合金变形过程中,单向轧制时会产生{111}织构,在较高的变形量下,织构发生偏转,转至{112}<110>;交叉轧制时趋向{100}织构.轧制变形量为40％～90％,1200℃退火处理后钼合金板材均会完成再结晶,当温度升至1250℃以上时晶粒变得粗大,无论是单向轧制织构还是再结晶期间织构转化时<110>织构均会存在.加热速率较快(>100 K/min)的情况下,钼合金的晶粒尺寸更细小.钼中掺入Ti、Zr、La等元素,会在亚晶界或晶界处形成碳化物或氧化物,改变微观组织,提升了再结晶温度,热处理后断裂方式从脆性断裂转变为韧性解理断裂,提升了钼合金的综合力学性能.本文综述了纯钼和钼合金板材的变形量、热处理工艺参数对其组织和性能影响的研究,对简化、有效生产高质量的钼板材过程给予理论指导,同时削减热处理能耗,有助于发展绿色热处理技术,并对未来钼板材热处理研究方向提出了展望.     

轧制变形对Ti-5322板材组织与性能的影响EI北大核心

Ti-5322是一种低成本的高强钛合金。本工作研究了β温区开坯的Ti-5322钛合金在α+β相区经不同变形量轧制板材后的组织及拉伸性能。显微组织的分析表明,当成品轧制变形量在50%时,合金板材呈现为具有连续晶界的网篮结构;当轧制变形量为75%时,合金板材呈现为包含球状及棒状α相组成的双态组织,晶界不连续。热处理后的拉伸性能测试结果显示,较大的轧制变形量有利于提高合金板材的强度与塑性的匹配。     

高性能轧制镁合金研究进展

随着轻量化需求的不断增加,镁合金作为最轻的结构金属材料受到了广泛关注。商用镁合金的强度与塑性仍然较低,限制了其在各领域的广泛应用,深入研究高性能镁合金板材制备工艺是打破其应用限制的关键所在。目前,轧制是生产高性能镁合金板材的重要手段,短流程、高效率、低成本的镁合金板材轧制工艺研发是国内外研究的焦点。综述了近几年先进轧制技术（如衬板控轧、非对称轧制、交叉轧制、叠轧、电脉冲辅助轧制及铸轧等）在制备高性能镁合金板材上的最新进展,浅析了几种新型轧制方法在工业应用方面的局限性,提出了未来高性能镁合金板材的研发需基于对工艺-组织-性能关系的深入探索,从新型低合金化体系开发和低成本短流程制备工艺两方面探索优化,为进一步满足镁合金工业应用需求提供思路。     

晶界角度对Al-Mg-Sc-Zr合金板材各向异性行为的影响

通过多向锻造和退火处理对Al-Mg-Sc-Zr合金进行晶界优化，对比研究混合晶界结构对合金板材力学性能各向异性行为的影响。结果表明：均匀化状态合金以高角度晶界为主，经过轧制变形后形成较多轧制剪切带和高强度的Brass, Copper和S织构，轧制板材力学性能各向异性行为较为明显，屈服强度IPA_YS和抗拉强度IPA_UTS指数分别为6.68%和5.85%;合金经过多向锻造和退火处理后，基体为高/低角度晶界结构并存的混晶组织，经过轧制变形后剪切带密度和织构强度明显降低，合金轧制板材性能各向异性行为得到明显改善。     

塑性成形方法对镁合金耐蚀性的影响及展望

随着镁合金产业的快速发展,如何通过塑性成形方法提高镁合金的耐蚀性成为了重要课题。镁及其合金因具有低密度、高比强度和较好的回收性等优点而受到广泛关注,然而室温变形能力和耐腐蚀性能差等缺点是其广泛应用的瓶颈。在总结镁合金腐蚀特点及面临问题的基础上,综合分析了国内外塑性成形方法对镁合金腐蚀领域的相关研究,综述了不同加工成形方法在提高镁合金耐蚀性应用方面的进展,从腐蚀机理和工艺参数2个方面进行了讨论。介绍了不同塑性成形方法对镁合金耐蚀性的影响机制,其中包括挤压–ECAP、超声滚压处理、等通道转角挤压、热轧处理、触变成形、板材挤压、板材轧制、交叉轧制、异步轧制和异步交叉轧制、压铸、快速凝固、搅拌摩擦焊、增材制造、喷丸等。从成分分布、析出相等微观角度阐述了影响镁合金腐蚀行为的机制,指出了塑性成形方法在提高镁合金耐蚀行为方面存在的问题,为提高镁合金的耐蚀性提出建议。     

初始晶粒尺寸对高温交叉轧制镁合金板材组织和力学性能的影响

目的 揭示晶粒尺寸对多道次高温交叉轧制AZ31镁合金板材组织和力学性能的影响规律及机制.方法 通过对不同初始晶粒尺寸的镁合金板材进行高温交叉轧制变形及热处理,获得不同状态的镁合金板材,采用金相显微分析、X射线衍射(XRD)分析及室温拉伸实验等手段研究镁合金板材的晶粒组织(形态、尺寸、取向)及力学性能.结果 经过多道次交...     

加工方式对AZ31变形镁合金热拉伸流变应力的影响

针对不同方法制备的AZ31镁合金薄板,利用热拉伸试验机和金相显微镜对其在不同温度和变形速率下的流变应力进行了实验研究.结果表明:挤压、交叉、热轧和冷轧等方法制备的AZ31镁合金薄板的应力-应变曲线基本特征是相同的.峰值流变应力随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而降低,在低温时具有明显的厚度效应;当温度大于350℃时峰值流变应力几乎不随板材厚度变化而变化;应变速率小于1.0×10-2s-1,变形温度大于150℃下所有AZ31薄板的延伸率均δ≥45%;单向轧制薄板的各向异性随温度提高减小.     

Improved ductility of magnesium alloy sheets by pre-hardening and annealing

The mechanical behaviour of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets were evaluated at different directions tilting 0, 45 and 90° to rolling direction. A suitable critical point of pre-stretching has been investigated through the work hardening curve of the magnesium alloy sheets. The microstructure and mechanical properties were examined and compared. The results indicated that the average yield strength of the 0, 45 and 90° pre-hardened 4% specimens followed by annealing decreased 30 MPa and the average uniform elongation increased up to 38% compared with the as received sheet. Pre-hardening process is suggested as a potential technique to improve the ductility and anisotropy of magnesium alloy sheets.     

循环道次对高温叠轧AZ31镁合金板材组织与性能的影响

目的通过高温累积叠轧工艺制备出高强度的镁合金,并研究该过程中循环道次对AZ31镁合金板材的微观组织与性能的具体影响。方法对累积叠轧1～5次板材进行微观组织观察,并进行显微硬度的测试,得到不同板材的硬度值,通过X射线衍射分析得到不同板材的取向结果,最终进行力学性能实验,并对比分析。结果随着循环道次的增加,板材抗拉强度有明显改变。从260 MPa先增加至310 MPa,最后稳定在350 MPa左右;非基面织构比重增加;断裂伸长率先降低后升高并稳定在10%左右。结论累积叠轧工艺使得AZ31镁合金板材产生了加工硬化,并显著细化了晶粒。循环道次的增加、孪晶产生和晶界数量显著增多导致强度进一步提高。     

镁合金板材的生产历史与研究现状

近年来,来自节能和环保的压力大大促进了镁合金产业的发展,具有高技术含量的镁合金板材的制备技术愈来愈受到人们关注。介绍了国内外镁合金板材的生产历史及其制备技术的研究现状,并讨论了传统制备技术和近来发展起来的几种新型轧制制备技术的特点、基本原理、研究现状及应用,对我国镁合金板材生产的发展状况进行了阐述,并提出了我国镁合金板材的发展方向。     

Tearing energy of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets determined by the multiple tensile testing method

Tearing energy of the AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets in the annealed (O-tempered) and half-hard (H24) conditions was studied in both rolling and transverse directions by the multiple tensile testing method. The results showed that while plastic deformation energy was primarily controlled by the strain hardening exponent, tearing energy was directly related to the neck breadth parameter N, which depends on the strain hardening, strain rate hardening, and plastic anisotropy of the tested sheets. It was also found that the tearing energies obtained for the annealed AZ31 sheets were comparable to those of AA5010 aluminium sheets, while the plastic deformation energies were much higher than those of aluminium sheets. This may imply that AZ31 magnesium sheets can be potential candidates for dissipating the impact energy in the vehicles structures which are prone to collision.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of twin-roll cast Mg–4.5Al–1.0Zn sheets processed by differential speed rolling

The microstructure and mechanical properties of the twin-roll cast (TRC) Mg–4.5Al–1.0Zn alloy sheets produced by differential speed rolling (DSR) were investigated by optical microscopy, transmission electron microscope and electron backscattered diffraction. The results are compared with those of the sheet processed by equal speed rolling (ESR). It is shown that twining played an important role at the initial stage of rolling. With the increase of the rolling reduction, the microstructures in the processed sheets become more homogeneous and they are more refined by DSR than by ESR. After annealing, the sheet processed by DSR shows a higher elongation and slightly lower yield strength than those of the ESR-processed sheet, which could be attributed to grain refinement and texture weakening. These results suggest that, in comparison with conventional casting and rolling, the combined technology of TRC and DSR is a more effective way to process magnesium sheets with enhanced formability after final annealing.     

Influence of rolling temperature on static recrystallization behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy

Poor formability of rolled magnesium (Mg) alloys extremely restricts applications in form of sheets originating from formation of strong basal texture. Recently, we found that increasing rolling temperature from 723 to 798 K for a AZ31 Mg alloy can significantly improve stretch formability due to remarkable texture weakening after annealing. In this study, static recrystallization behaviors of AZ31 alloy sheets rolled at 723 and 798 K were investigated by electron backscattered diffraction analyses at different annealing stages in order to understand the origin of high temperature rolling on texture weakening. For both sheets, similar deformation microstructures with approximately the same types and fractions of twins exist in the as-rolled condition and recrystallized grains are mainly formed at pre-existing grain boundaries due to discontinuous recrystallization during subsequent annealing. However, only the basal texture of the latter remarkably weakens due to the formation of new recrystallized grains with well-dispersed orientations. Non-basal slips enhanced during high temperature rolling at 798 K are most likely responsible for the texture randomization as a result of rotations of recrystallization nuclei.     

AZ31镁合金轧制工艺的研究

对AZ31镁合金在400℃条件下的轧制工艺进行了研究,在不同压下量、不同道次条件下分别进行了轧制实验,并对轧制后AZ31板材的组织和力学性能进行了研究。实验结果表明:在400℃条件下,以小变形量轧制,每道次压下量为1mm时,较好的加工工艺条件为轧制到第8道次,累积变形量50%;每道次轧制压下量为2mm时,较好的加工工艺条件为轧制到第2道次,累积变形量为25%;AZ31镁合金在大变形量下轧制易产生裂纹,裂纹的产生可能是由于随着累积变形量增加,内应力激增,在难变形的硬取向晶粒区或第二相处产生应力集中,萌生裂纹。裂纹尖端扩展经过的区域变形量较大,因而裂纹两侧存在再结晶细晶区域。