硝胺推进剂用聚合物键合剂的分子设计

针对硝胺推进剂能量提高与力学性能降低的矛盾,阐述了硝胺推进剂产生"脱湿"现象的原因和键合剂的选择原则,设计了聚醚环酰胺类和中性聚合物2类聚合物键合剂,为用于硝胺推进剂键合剂的研究提供一条新途径。     

硝胺推进剂用键合剂的研究新动向

综述了硝胺固体推进剂中氧化剂-粘合剂间粘附的有关问题,讨论了脱湿现象及其后果,介绍了近几年国内外有关适用于硝胺推进剂体系的键合剂及其作用机理。     

硝胺推进剂用聚合物键合剂的研究进展

综述了硝胺推进剂产生"脱湿"现象的原因及改善力学性能的方法,介绍了目前国内外用于改善硝胺推进剂力学性能的三种聚合物键合剂的作用机理和效果。     

硝胺类推进剂用键合剂的研究进展

综述了各类适用于硝胺类推进剂的键合剂的研究情况,认为中性聚合物键合剂（NPBA）提高硝胺类推进剂的力学性能效果较好,需根据具体配方情况合成具有适当溶度积参数的NPBA,并根据NPBA的临界温度确定合适的推进剂制备温度条件。酰胺类和硼化物类键合剂具有成为优良键合剂的潜力,应加强对其合成与应用的研究。通过文献分析,认为键合剂的作用效果是官能团因素和分子结构因素共同作用的结果。对今后用于硝胺类推进剂的键合剂的发展提出了一些建议。     

用键合剂改善硝胺CMDB推进剂的力学性能

讨论了脱湿对硝胺CMDB推进剂力学性能的影响和脱湿机理,总结了改善硝胺CMDB推进剂力学性能的各种技术途径,认为键合剂是增强硝胺CMDB推进剂界面粘接、提高力学性能的有效和现实的技术途径,综述了键合剂的主要种类及其最新应用研究进展;分析了键合剂在硝胺CMDB推进剂中应用的难点和键合剂选择原则．表明在硝胺CMDB推进剂中应用键合剂是必要和可行的。     

键合剂在固体推进剂中的应用

综述了固体推进剂中产生脱湿现象的原因及其防止方法,介绍了目前国内用于改善固体推进剂力学性能的键合剂类型和效果。     

键合剂对RDX/HTPB推进剂界面粘结效能的影响

应用接触角测定仪测试了几种键合剂对ＲＤＸ／ＨＴＰＢ界面粘结效能的影响。选择了两种键合剂制备了ＲＤＸ／ＨＴＰＢ推进剂，测定了推进主 单轴拉伸力学性能和单拉伸破坏能。结果表明，键合改善ＲＤＸ／ＨＴＰＢ推进剂力学性能的主要原因在于它们改善了ＲＤＸ颗粒与ＨＴＰＢ粘结剂基体间的界面粘结效能。     

聚醚环酰胺键合剂的设计及合成路线

针对硝胺推进剂能量提高与力学性能降低的矛盾,阐述了硝胺推进剂产生“脱湿”现象的原因,并根据键合剂的设计原则及相关技术,提出了聚醚环酰胺类键合剂的分子设计和合成路线,为硝胺推进剂键合剂的研究提供一条新途径。     

键合剂对HTPE推进剂力学性能的影响

采用单向拉伸试验研究了小分子键合剂(JX01、JX02)、大分子键合剂(ZX01、ZX02)对端羟基共聚醚(HTPE)推进剂力学性能的影响。结果表明:采用JX01时,HTPE推进剂的高温(70℃)、常温抗拉强度偏低,高温最大伸长率30%,低温(–45℃)出现"脱湿"现象;采用JX02时,HTPE推进剂可获得较佳的常温、低温力学性能,但高温伸长率偏低;采用ZX01时,HTPE推进剂高温伸长率有所提高,最大伸长率约为40%,但高温抗拉强度350 k Pa;采用JX02与ZX01复配,HTPE推进剂可获得较佳力学性能,高温抗拉强度600 k Pa、最大伸长率50%,常温抗拉强度1 000 k Pa,低温最大伸长率70%。     

叠氮硝酸酯对硝胺改性双基推进剂燃烧性能的影响

研究了一种叠氮硝酸酯PDADN对硝胺改性双基推进剂燃烧性能的影响。结果表明添加叠氨酸酯是一种提高硝胺改性双基推进剂燃速与能量的切实可行途径。     

Effect of Bonding Agent on the Mechanical Properties of GAP High‐Energy Propellant

Three kinds of bonding agent were chosen to improve the mechanical properties of GAP high‐energy composite propellant based on GAP, BuNENA, HMX, AP, and Al. These bonding agents are N,N ′‐bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) dimethylhydantoin and 1,3,5‐trisubstituted isocyanurates (BA1), cyano‐hydroxylated amines (BA2), and hyperbranched polyether with terminal groups substituted by hydroxyl, cyano and ester functional groups (BA3). To study the interaction between bonding agents and oxidizers, the effect of coating by bonding agents on the characteristic absorption peaks of AP and HMX were first studied by infrared spectroscopy. Then the effect of bonding agents on the adhesion work between oxidizers and binder system were determined. The results showed that BA2 has the strongest interaction with AP, whereas BA1 and BA3 have relatively strong interaction with HMX. The AP grain coated by BA2 has the strongest adhesion work to the binder system, and there is not much difference in the values of adhesion work towards binder system of three coated HMX grains. At last the three bonding agents were added to GAP propellant, which has a theoretical specific impulse of 276.03 s. When the three kinds of bonding agent was used alone, the sense of “dewetting” in propellant was relieved but still existed. The combination of BA2 to BA1 or BA3 improved the adhesions between oxidizers and binder system effectively, and the mechanical properties of GAP propellant reached to δ _m=0.69 MPa, ϵ _b=32.7 %.     

Formulation and Characterization of a New Nitroglycerin‐Free Double Base Propellant

Double base propellants composed of nitrocellulose (NC) and nitroglycerine (NG) are widely used. However, the inclusion of liquid NG presents both stability and performance problems: the NG may migrate from the propellant in storage, and it softens the propellant at high inclusion levels. In this work, the novel nitrate ester 1,4‐dinitrato‐2,3‐dinitro‐2,3bis(nitratomethylene) butane (SMX) is considered as a replacement for NG in a double base propellant. Thermochemical calculations indicate improved performance when compared with the common double base propellant JA2 at SMX loadings above 40 wt‐%. Also, since SMX is a room temperature solid, migration may be mitigated. Both unplasticized and plasticized propellants were formulated to enable the study of the interaction of SMX with nitrocellulose. Thermal analysis of unplasticized propellant showed a distinct melt‐recrystallization curve, which indicates that a solid phase solution is being formed between SMX and NC, and that SMX would not act as plasticizer. Analysis of propellant prepared with diethyleneglycol dinitrate (DEGDN) plasticizer indicates that the SMX is likely dissolved in the DEGDN. The plasticized material also showed similar hardness and modulus to JA2. Safety characterization showed that sensitivity is similar to JA2. In short, replacing NG with SMX results in a new family of propellants with acceptable safety characteristics and which may also offer improved theoretical performance.     

双基药块组型用黏结剂的选择

通过测试药．胶的相容性、胶的耐热老化性、黏结剂的高、低温冲击性能以及黏接试样的内弹道试验,确定了ZS-1型胶可用作双基药块组型用黏结剂。实验结果表明,只要选择适当的黏结剂,通过对双基药块进行黏合组型可满足设计要求。     

复合改性双基推进剂燃烧性能研究

采用近距摄影、扫描电镜、电子能谱、X-射线衍射等多种技术,对CMDB（复合改性双基）、Al-CMDB、Mg／Al-CMDB推进剂燃速和火焰结构进行了研究。结果表明,在CMDB推进剂中添加A1、Mg／A1等金属燃料,改变了火焰结构;Mg／Al合金可提高金属燃料Al粉的燃烧效率。