"米邦塔"仙人掌营养面包的工艺研究

将仙人掌磨成粉添加到小麦粉中制作面包,通过添加SSL、单甘脂和卵磷脂来考察仙人掌面包老化的程度,采用乙醇提取一分光光度计法测定焙烤制品中黄酮含量.结果表明在小麦粉中添加5%的仙人掌粉,0.5%卵磷脂制作面包,面包的老化时间可延长2 d,感官特性无不良影响,黄酮类化合物在焙烤加工中损失较小.     

仙人掌饼干的配方优化

以小麦粉为主要原料,加入仙人掌汁、砂糖、奶油等成分制作出植物类营养饼干.先确定仙人掌汁对饼干的感官评价水平,再用4因素3水平(砂糖20%、24%、28%;奶油10%、15%、20%;水分28%、30%、32%;仙人掌汁6%、5%、4%)正交试验设计和模糊综合评价产品感官质量的方法,对仙人掌饼干的配方进行优化选择.研究结果的最优配方为:砂糖24%、奶油15%、水分32%、仙人掌汁6%,影响仙人掌饼干品质的主次因素从大到小依次为水分、仙人掌汁、奶油、砂糖.     

仙人掌黄瓜复合饮料的研制

以“米邦塔”仙人掌和黄瓜为原料,进行仙人掌护色、原料配比、仙人掌黄瓜复合饮料稳定性和产品质量指标实验,研制出复合饮料。采用正交试验探索出仙人掌黄瓜复合饮料的最佳工艺配方：仙人掌汁15%,黄瓜汁30%,白砂糖9%;仙人掌汁较好的护色剂为0.6g/L VC ＋ 0.02g/L Na2SO3、热烫时间3min、护色时间0.5h,复合稳定剂为同时添加总量各为0.1% 的耐酸CMC-Na 和卡拉胶。     

"米邦塔"仙人掌护绿工艺的研究

以"米邦塔"仙人掌茎片为原料,通过热烫实验、金属单因素护色实验、抗氧化剂单因素护色实验和护色工艺正交实验,得出"米邦塔"仙人掌的最佳护色工艺为:将均匀切分的仙人掌块置于90℃、质量浓度为0.4g/L的醋酸铜溶液中热烫100min;再浸泡在质量浓度为1.0g/L的柠檬酸和1.0g/L的植酸混合溶液中90～ 100min以协同护色.     

“米邦塔”仙人掌酸乳的研制

以鲜牛乳和“米邦塔” (OpuntiaMilpaAlta) 仙人掌汁为主要原料 ,进行乳酸菌发酵 ,研制出仙人掌酸乳。通过正交试验选择出最佳配方 :鲜牛乳 90 %、仙人掌汁 10 %、白砂糖 7%。并探讨了生产仙人掌酸奶的工艺条件。     

顶空固相微萃取气相色谱/质谱法测定 "米邦塔"仙人掌挥发性成分

用顶空固相微萃取方法收集仙人掌的挥发性成分。所得到的仙人掌挥发性成分用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法分离并分析鉴定其成分及质量分数,共鉴定出47个化合物,主要为酸、醛、脂类和酮类物质,其中酸类物质41.99%;醛类物质20.15%;醇类物质19.92%;酯类物质4.25%;酮类物质3.43%。此外还鉴定出4种胺类物质(2.22%),1种酚类物质(0.80%),1种呋喃类物质和2种硫化物(1.46%)。     

仙人掌乳清饮料的研制

以食用仙人掌与乳清为原料,进行仙人掌原汁护色脱腥、复合饮料调配和稳定性实验,探讨新型保健饮料的加工工艺。结果表明,绿茶量为0.8%、100℃处理10min不仅掩盖大部分的仙人掌草腥味,而且汁液保持鲜绿。新型饮料的最佳配方为仙人掌汁10%、乳清20%、白糖量12%、羧甲基纤维素钠0.1%和海藻酸钠0.1%时其稳定性和口感最好。     

仙人掌-菠萝香型饮料的工艺研究

以仙人掌、菠萝为主要原料，加以柠檬酸、蜂蜜等辅料，经科学加工制成有保健功能的水果香型饮料。本文对仙人掌-菠萝混合汁饮料的生产工艺、配方和技术关键进行了研究。通过正交试验及方差分析，确定出该饮品的最佳组合方式为E4D4B2A2C4，即澄清的仙人掌-菠萝混合汁用量35％，蔗糖8％，蜂蜜2．8％，柠檬酸钾0．2％，柠檬酸0．4％，水为53．6％（上述百分比均为质量分数）。试验还确定出产品最适稳定剂配方为0．20％羧甲摹纤维素钠＋0．01％黄原胶＋0．15％果胶为最佳。     

仙人掌葡萄复合型保健果露酒的研制

以"米邦塔"食用仙人掌和"巨峰"葡萄及赤霞珠干红葡萄酒为原料,采用混合发酵和勾兑方式生产复合型保健果露酒.结果表明,仙人掌热烫温度和时间对仙人掌汁液的色泽影响较大;在85℃下,热烫1 min护色效果较好;将0.10%抗坏血酸与0.05%柠檬酸同时添加护色效果较好;仙人掌原汁的添加量为8%时,产品色质较好,产品兼具营养性和保健功能.     

悬浮仙人掌果粒酸性乳饮料的研制

悬浮仙人掌果粒酸性乳饮料的最佳配方为:仙人掌粒5%,蔗糖85%,奶粉4%,柠檬酸0.32%,稳定剂(TKM21G-I)0.8%,经调配制成口感优良、风味独特、质量稳定、感觉清新的悬浮仙人掌果粒酸性乳饮料。仙人掌最佳护色工艺为:先将仙人掌粒用85～90℃,0.35g/L醋酸铜溶液热烫12min,再用1.0g/LL-抗坏血酸和0.3g/L柠檬酸对仙人掌粒协同护色,仙人掌最佳粒径为:3mm×3mm×3mm。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the