基于宽带均匀同心球阵列的低复杂度二维波达方向估计算法

该文提出一种基于宽带均匀同心球阵列(UCSA)的2维波达方向(2D-DOA)低复杂度估计算法。该方法将宽带UCSA输出信号转换为相位模式,并对其进行频率补偿,实现近似频率不变(FI)特性,从而降低宽带信号处理的计算复杂度。为了进一步降低2D-DOA估计的计算复杂度,该文提出基于FI-UCSA的降维多重信号分类(MUSIC)算法。该方法将相位模式导向向量分解为方位角和仰角相关的两个矩阵,从而把2维搜索问题简化为1维(1D)搜索,实现降维优化并降低计算复杂度。仿真结果表明,该算法计算复杂度相较于2维MUSIC算法得到了极大的降低,并且在估计精度和分辨率上均稍有改善。     

降维空时自适应处理研究

该文首先分析了降维空时自适应处理(STAP)的一般原理,接着从理论上证明了在处理器维数和辅助样本数相同的条件下降维STAP的互谱方法(CSM)提供了特征空间内所有降维处理方法的性能上界。文中还通过仿真将两种固定结构的降维方法与CSM做了性能比较,结果表明时域预滤波级联局域空时联合处理法(3DT-SAP)非常接近性能上界,是一种非常有效的降维方法。     

基于谱回归特征降维与后向传播神经网络的识别方法研究

采用后向传播(BP)神经网络对空间目标进行识别时,高维的输入特征导致网络结构复杂,识别性能降低。针对上述难点,该文提出一种基于谱回归(SR)特征降维与BP神经网络的识别方法。该方法首先对空间目标进行HOG特征提取,然后将提取的高维HOG特征进行SR降维,最后把降维后的数据通过BP分类器进行训练识别。实验结果表明：该方法的降维和识别特性优于传统降维方法PCA, KPAC, LPP, KLPP等,能够兼顾实时性和准确性,提高了识别性能。     

基于ESPRIT算法的L型阵列MIMO雷达降维DOA估计

该文针对L型阵列MIMO雷达的2维角度估计问题,基于ESPRIT算法提出两种降维DOA估计方法。首先通过降维矩阵的设计及回波数据的降维变换,将高维回波数据转换至低维信号空间;然后分别基于特征分解和传播算子获得信号子空间的估计,最后利用ESPRIT算法实现2维空间角参量的联合估计及参数的自动配对。算法不牺牲阵列孔径,最大程度地降低了回波数据的维数,具有更低的运算复杂度。仿真结果验证了该文理论分析的正确性和算法的有效性。     

机载雷达三维空时两级降维自适应处理

该文研究了机载雷达3维空时自适应处理(3D-STAP)方法,并结合先时后空的自适应处理(mDT-SAP)结构提出了一种新的空时两级降维准最优技术。该方法首先采用固定结构的时域多普勒预处理降低杂波时域相关性,然后基于2维空域的可分离性构造出两个低维的俯仰和方位向权值,最后结合双迭代算法进行循环求解。理论分析与仿真结果表明,该文所提方法与传统方法相比具有运算量小、收敛性强、所需训练样本少的优点,并拥有优良的杂波抑制性能和较强的误差鲁棒性,有利于工程化实现。     

基于L1-范数的二维线性判别分析

为了避免图像数据向量化后的维数灾难问题,以及增强对野值(outliers)及噪声的鲁棒性,该文提出一种基于L1-范数的2维线性判别分析(L1-norm-based Two-Dimensional Linear Discriminant Analysis, 2DLDA-L1)降维方法。它充分利用L1-范数对野值及噪声的强鲁棒性,并且直接在图像矩阵上进行投影降维。该文还提出一种快速迭代优化算法,并给出了其单调收敛到局部最优的证明。在多个图像数据库上的实验验证了该方法的鲁棒性与高效性。     

流形判别分析

传统降维方法主要有两种思路：一是利用样本的全局特征,保证降维前后样本的全局特征不变;二是尽量保证相邻样本在降维前后的相对关系不变。传统方法由于未能充分利用样本的已有信息,因此降维效率有限。鉴于此,在Fisher准则和局部流形保持的基础上,该文提出流形判别分析。该方法首先定义了基于流形的类内离散度MWCS和类间离散度MBCS,然后利用Fisher准则找到最佳投影方向,该方向满足MBCS与MWCS之比最大。该方法不仅继承了传统降维方法的优势,而且进一步提高了降维效率。标准数据集上的实验结果表明该文所提方法的有效性。     

信号DOA和极化信息联合估计的降维四元数MUSIC方法

基于简化电磁矢量传感器阵列,该文提出了一种新的降维四元数MUSIC估计方法。文中引用了四元数的概念,利用四元数的正交特性能够很好地描述矢量传感器阵元的正交结构这一优点,建立了电磁矢量传感器阵列的四元数模型,利用降维Q-MUSIC (Quaternion-MUSIC)方法先对极化信号DOA进行估计,通过已经估计出来的DOA信息,再借助传统的V-MUSIC (long-MUSIC)方法估计极化信息。从而依次获得极化信号的4个参数。仿真实验验证了算法的可行性。     

基于MUSIC算法的L型阵列MIMO雷达降维DOA估计

该文提出一种基于MUSIC算法的L型阵列多输入多输出雷达降维波达方向(DOA)估计算法。该算法首先针对L型阵列导向矢量的结构,构造出一个降维矩阵,将回波信号转换到低维空间。然后利用二次优化方法将2维DOA估计分解为两个1维DOA估计。最后利用MUSIC空间谱估计其中1维角度,并利用求得的角度回代谱函数,对另1维角度进行求根估计。该算法将2维空间谱搜索降为1维搜索,极大地降低了运算复杂度。理论分析和仿真结果验证了该算法的准确性和可行性。     

基于Kronecker压缩感知的宽带MIMO雷达高分辨三维成像

在宽带多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达3维成像中,MIMO雷达收发阵元数量和空间分布的限制会导致图像的2维横向分辨率难以满足实际需求。该文利用压缩感知(CS)理论来实现图像在2维横向上的超分辨。考虑到对信号的每一维分别进行超分辨会损失各维间的耦合信息,提出一种基于Kronecker CS(KCS)的2维联合超分辨方法;为解决KCS在多维高分辨应用中存储量大、计算效率低的问题,进一步提出了一种基于低分辨3维图像先验信息的降维KCS方法。仿真和实测数据实验验证了方法的有效性。     

辐射定标对SAR欺骗干扰的影响及改进方法

基于辐射定标的SAR反欺骗干扰以及针对辐射定标的欺骗干扰方法得到了研究.首先,介绍了欺骗干扰概念和基本原理;其次,研究了基于辐射定标反欺骗干扰及2种常规的欺骗干扰方法:大面积欺骗干扰和弱反射体直接覆盖强反射体欺骗干扰容易被识破;最后,提出了2种新的针对辐射定标的干扰方法,直接欺骗干扰以及间接欺骗干扰方法.     

An adaptive speckle suppression filter for medical ultrasonic imaging

An adaptive smoothing technique for speckle suppression in medical B-scan ultrasonic imaging is presented. The technique is based on filtering with appropriately shaped and sized local kernels. For each image pixel, a filtering kernel, which fits to the local homogeneous region containing the processed pixel, is obtained through a local statistics based region growing technique. The performance of the proposed filter has been tested on the phantom and tissue images. The results show that the filter effectively reduces the speckle while preserving the resolvable details. The simulation results are presented in a comparative way with two existing speckle suppression methods.     

Engine Fault Analysis: Part I-Statistical Methods

Several studies have been performed to detect faults in engines. Fourier series and autocorrelation-based methods have been shown to be useful for this purpose. However, these and other methods discussed in the literature cannot locate the fault. In this paper, the focus is on techniques that will enable the location of the fault. In general, our approach involves the analysis of the instantaneous angular velocity of the flywheel. Three methods of analysis are presented. The first method depends on the computation of a set of statistical correlations. The second method is based on evaluation of similarity measures. These methods are able to locate faults in several tests that have been performed. The third approach uses pattern recognition methods and involves three stages?data extraction, functional approximation to determine a feature vector, and classification based on a Bayesian approach. This method is computationally more complex than the other approaches. However, on the basis of the experimental results it appears that the third method leads to a lower error rate. Cases involving faults in one and two cylinders are presented.     

基于传声器阵列的产品噪声源定位技术的应用

基于传声器阵列的产品噪声源定位技术有两个主要方法:STSF和Beamforming,但两者的实现方法各不相同。通过对STSF和Beamforming声源定位技术的推导,给出了两种测量技术适用的频率范围和空间范围,从理论上对其应用范围的差异进行了说明,并提出了在实际测量中如何选择合适的声源定位方法。结合两种测量技术的特点,还提出了声源定位技术下一阶段的研究课题。     

A comparative study of two transient analysis algorithms for lossy transmission lines with frequency-dependent data

Two general algorithms for the modeling or lossy transmission lines with frequency-dependent parameters are contrasted and compared. The first is based on the generalized method of characteristics while the second is based on a more recent Pade macromodeling approach. The different approximations made in these two algorithms are contrasted and computational evidence is presented to show that these two methods complement each other in their properties.     

基于电路逻辑设计的图像处理

基于电路逻辑设计的算法硬件加速技术使系统能够有效提高实时处理能力、集成度和可靠性.直方图统计和像素邻域提取是图像处理中的两个基本操作,提出了基于电路逻辑设计解决这两个基本问题的方法,给出了硬件结构图和主要时序图,在所承担的工程化项目中进行了实际应用,取得了较好的效果.     

Noise correction on Rician distributed data for fibre orientation estimators

New complex tissue microstructure estimators have been presented recently in order to elucidate white matter fibre orientations. Since these algorithms are based on the diffusion-weighted signal profile, the estimations are affected by noise artefacts. The proven robustness of these methods cannot counteract distortions since the statistical Rician behavior has not been taken into account. In this study, two techniques to counteract the noise distortions are presented to improve the fibre orientation estimations. Simulations and in vivo experiments show an improvement in the angular resolution and convergence of the results. One of these strategies represents a good compromise between computational cost and result improvements.      

高温箱内空气循环对自冷设备高低温环境试验影响与对策

文章通过热测试和热仿真试验验证高温箱内空气循环对自冷设备高低温环境试验的影响,针对此问题查阅相关国内外标准并结合笔者多年热测试经验。提出一套标准试验和简易测试方法,对自冷设备热测试或高低温环境试验有很强的指导作用和应用价值。     

High frequency techniques for antenna analysis

A summary of various high-frequency techniques is presented for analyzing the electromagnetic radiation from antennas in the presence of their host environment. These techniques provide physical insight into antenna radiation mechanisms and are found to be highly efficient and accurate for treating a variety of practical antenna configurations. Examples to which these techniques have been applied include open-ended waveguide antennas, horn and reflector antennas, and antennas on aircraft and spacecraft. The accuracy of these techniques is established via numerical results which are compared with those based on other independent methods or with measurements. These high frequency methods can be combined with other techniques, through a hybrid scheme, to solve an even greater class of problems than those which can be solved in an efficient and tractable manner by any one technique alone     

红外点目标图像的两种滤波技术

通过对点目标图像预处理方法的研究,采用基于形态学滤波与维纳差分滤波背景抑制算法,在matlab中利用这2种算法进行红外点目标图像的处理仿真。仿真结果表明形态学滤波有更好的滤波效果,实时性好,易于硬件实现,更适合作为红外图像弱小目标检测的预处理手段。