基于光纤的能见度测量方法

提出了一种利用前向散射光束和透射光束测量近地大气横向能见度的方法。以阶跃折射率光纤作为空间滤波器限制散射光束和透射光束接收的视场角以及前向散射测量光束和大气散射辐射的背景干扰;采用相关检测法,排除测量通道视场角内的大气背景干扰,提高洁净大气条件下散射光强度信号测量的信噪比;对测量装置结构进行优化设计,减小热形变的影响;另一方面引入阶跃折射率光纤,使投射到光电探测器接收表面的光束光斑位置保持不变,进一步减弱形变对测量精度的影响。能见度的值用散射光强度和透射光强度之比表示,光源强度的变化和光学元件的污染对测量的影响可不考虑。用此方法测得的能见度与按严格定义的透射法所测能见度的相关系数约为98.2％。     

基于结构光投影的联合变换相关器

提出一种基于结构光的光电混合系统。为提高相关识别率，把结构光和基于SDF的相移功率谱相减的联合变换相关器结合起来，完成相关识别。该系统兼具有物体的灰度信息，又具有物体的形廓信息，是一种很有应用前景的图像识别系统。     

Y分支光学调制器的半波电压特性研究

为了研究光纤陀螺中Y分支光学调制器半波电压与工作波长和温度的关系,研制了带波长和温度记录功能的半波电压测试系统。采用一种基于4台阶波调制的半波电压测试法,测试了该系统的半波电压、波长和温度的相关性。结果表明：半波电压与波长呈二次多项式关系,与温度呈线性关系;在宽谱光作用下,对于参数确定的Y波导,其半波电压主要由宽谱光的谱型和实际工作温度决定,不同宽谱光作用下的同一Y波导半波电压的温度相关系数相等;在常温下测得的Y波导半波电压测量精度满足1 mV的需求。     

Correlation analysis of couple optical paths for micro stereovision with stereo light microscope

A micro stereovision system with a stereo light microscope (SLM) has been applied in micromanipulation systems. There is a coupling connection between two optical paths of a stereo light microscope. The coupling intension corresponds with two factors: the structure of an SLM and the position of an object point in the view of an SLM. In this paper, a correlation function is proposed to describe the coupling intension between the couple optical paths of an SLM. The quantified results are applied to the error analysis of the imaging model. Experiments show that the correlation of the optical paths of a common main objective of stereo light microscope (CMO-SLM) is little more than that of a G-SLM, and the error must be considered when a pinhole imaging model is used to analyze its correlation.     

扩散硅压力传感器灵敏度温度漂移的调整

根据扩散硅压力传感器灵敏度温漂产生的原理,分析了灵敏度与温度的关系。并依据实验数据论述了灵敏度系数和扩散表面杂质浓度的关系,以及电阻温度系数与表面杂质浓度的关系。简单介绍通过调整和控制表面杂质浓度等参数,得到所需的灵敏度温度漂移曲线。     

脉搏血氧饱和度测量系统的设计研究

本文设计了一种脉搏血氧饱和度测量系统,它采用调制光及同步检波方法取代传统的直流光,通过分析测试部位的血液随脉搏波动引起光吸收的变化推算出人体血氧饱和度(SO_2)。通过10例患者临床实验表明,本系统同临床血氧测定仪HP-56S测量结果有很高一致性,相关系数达到0.932。     

Testing feasibility of an accurate microscopic assessment of macrovesicular steatosis in liver allograft biopsies by smartphone add‐on lenses

Light microscopy is an essential tool in histological examination of tissue samples. However, the required equipment for a correct and rapid diagnosis is sometimes unavailable. Smartphones and mobile phone networks are widespread, and could be used for diagnostic imaging and telemedicine. Macrovesicular steatosis (MS) is a major risk factor for liver graft failure, and is only assessable by microscopic examination of a frozen tissue section. The aim of this study was to compare the microscopic assessment of MS in liver allograft biopsies by a smartphone with eyepiece adaptor (BLIPS device) to standard light microscopy. Forty liver graft biopsies were evaluated in transmitted light, using an Iphone 5s and 4 different mini‐objective, add‐on lenses. A significant correlation was reported between the two different approaches for graft MS assessment (Spearman's correlation coefficient: r_s = 0.946; p < .001). Smartphone with eyepiece adaptor had similar discriminatory power to identify MS in liver grafts than standard light microscopy. Based on these findings, a smartphone integrated with a low‐cost eyepiece adaptor can achieve adequate accuracy in the assessment of MS in liver graft, and could be used as an alternative to standard light microscope when unavailable.     

双探测器结构的近红外光谱仪的研究

目的：为了提高近红外光谱探测信号的稳定性,研制了双探测器结构的滤光片型漫反射近红外光谱仪。方法：首先单色光被分束镜分成两束,一束光直接被一个探测器接受,另一束光经过积分球后照射到样品上,样品的漫散射光被积分球上的另一个探测器接受,然后将两个探测器的测量值相比较,最后计算出样品的吸光度。结果：应用该仪器检测了漫反射标准板的漫反射率,测量值与标称值的相关系数平均为0.995,标准偏差平均为0.01。另外使用该仪器测定了奶粉、牛奶及酱油的相关成分含量,近红外光谱与奶粉的蛋白质脂肪含量的相关系数高于0.9,与酱油及原奶的相关成分含量的相关系数高于0.8。结论：检测结果说明,自制双探测器结构的滤光片型近红外光谱仪可以获得样品的正确漫反射率,同时可以用于食品的成分分析。     

Correlation analysis of couple optical paths for microstereovision with stereo light microscope

A micro stereovision system with a stereo light microscope (SLM) has been applied in micromanipulation systems. There is a coupling connection between two optical paths of a stereo light microscope. The coupling intension corresponds with two factors: the structure of an SLM and the position of an object point in the view of an SLM. In this paper, a correlation function is proposed to describe the coupling intension between the couple optical paths of an SLM. The quantified results are applied to the error analysis of the imaging model. Experiments show that the correlation of the optical paths of a common main objective of stereo light microscope (CMO-SLM) is little more than that of a G-SLM, and the error must be considered when a pinhole imaging model is used to analyze its correlation. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 2006, 32(8): 724–729 [译自: 北京工业大学学报]     

Effect of lighting conditions in the study of surface roughness by machine vision - an experimental design approach

In the evaluation of surface roughness by machine vision technique, the scattered light pattern reflected from the machined surface is generally captured and optical surface finish parameters from the images are correlated with the actual roughness. Capturing of the image at appropriate conditions is required for the good correlation of the optical parameters with the roughness. Lighting conditions is a major factor that influences the image pattern and hence the optical parameters. In this work the lighting conditions like grazing angle, the light to specimen distance, the orientation of the striations on the surface to the light are varied and its influence on the optical surface finish parameter are studied. A plan of experiments based on the techniques of Taguchi was designed and executed for conducting the trials and to obtain valid conclusions. The analysis of variance and the signal to noise ratio of robust design are employed to investigate the influence of different lighting conditions on the optical surface finish parameter. The results of both the approaches confirm that grazing angle is the most influencing factor affecting the image parameter.     

SPECKLE METHOD EVALUATION OF THE ROUGHNESS OF ELECTRODISCHARGE MACHINED SURFACES

Abstract

This paper describes the applicability of the speckle method to evaluate the roughness of surfaces produced by non-traditional machining processes such as EDM, ECM or USM, where material removal occurs randomly. The method is based on the digital correlation of two speckle images produced by interference phenomena arising when a coherent light beam is incident on a rough surface. The basic principle of the speckle pattern correlation is presented and the theoretical analysis based on a hypothesis concerning the morphology of the machined surface is reported. An experiment has been set-up in order to assess the feasibility of applying the speckle method to evaluate the roughness of machined surfaces. In the experimental tests, two speckle patterns produced from the same rough surface under two different illumination conditions have been correlated. The two different conditions have been obtained by varying the angle of incidence of coherent light on the surface being analysed. The roughness of electrodischarge machined surfaces, as measured by the speckle method, is found to be in good agreement with that of a stylus instrument.     

Near-field magneto-optical analysis in reflection mode SNOM

Observation of magnetic domains with in-plane magnetisations is demonstrated by scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) in reflection mode. The longitudinal and transverse magneto-optical Kerr effects are employed as the contrast mechanisms; these are observed as either a change in the polarisation of the reflected light or reflectance, depending on magnetisation direction. SNOM images of Co and Ni thin films show magneto-optical contrast depending on polarisation of the incident and detected light. For the smooth cobalt thin films, the orientation for magnetic domains is estimated, based on the correlation between the contrasts in SNOM images obtained in different polarisation configurations and the directions of the magnetic vectors of the incident and reflected light. For the nickel films with pronounced topographic structures, the resulting near-field polarisation dependencies are more complicated, suggesting that the magneto-optical contrast in SNOM images are affected by the topographic cross-talk due to the depolarisation effects on surface topographic features.     

激光诱导荧光水质监测系统的研制

提出以Nd：YAG激光器的三倍频355nm波长激光为激发光源,以单个光电倍增管（PMT）为探测器,以水体污染监测为目的的激光诱导荧光系统的研制。采用光电倍增管高速双脉冲门控与单次脉冲触发数据采样相结合新技术,有效减少了户外环境下背景光的影响,提高了系统的测量精确度。试验结果表明,该系统能接收水体表面受激发射的荧光信号,探测到的荧光信号经信号处理后与水体受污染程度有良好的相关性。     

一种基于双目视觉数字图像相关的机械密封端面变形测量系统的设计

基于双目视觉数字图像相关技术,设计了机械密封端面变形测量系统的方案。选用合适的高速数字摄像机、镜头、采集卡、光源、标定板、支架系统和服务器等构建了该系统的硬件,并基于双目视觉数字图像相关方法开发了相关软件。该系统可实现机械密封表面的三维形貌以及在力、热载荷作用下变形的全场测量,结构简单,使用方便。这为研究影响机械密封变形的关键因素及探索减小其变形的措施奠定了基础。     

基于低秩矩阵分解的光场稀疏采样及重构

光场成像技术中光场的采集和数据的压缩处理是亟待解决的问题。为了实现光场的稀疏采样和恢复,建立了基于光场低秩结构的压缩采样相机系统,研究了光场矩阵的结构特征及压缩采样下光场图像的重构问题。根据静态光场各视点图像之间的内容相似性,将这些图像向量化并按列组合成一个二维矩阵,该矩阵呈现出低秩或近似低秩的状态。对光场图像矩阵进行低秩分解,结果表明偏离低秩的部分呈现出很强的稀疏性性质,低秩和稀疏各自表征不同的数据冗余度。然后,对基于掩膜的相机采样系统进行随机Noiselets变换测量,鉴于重构过程是一个低秩稀疏相关性约束下的优化求解问题,采用贪婪迭代求解分别重构出光场矩阵的低秩部分和稀疏部分。仿真结果表明,重构图像的PSNR维持在25dB以上,且保留了光场视点间的视差信息,能够满足稀疏采样中对光场图像的要求。     

双矩形光栅衍射特性分析

双光栅系统的衍射一干涉效应非常重要,现从置于透镜前方的任意两个衍射屏出发,推出透镜后焦平面的光强分布可以用两个衍射屏的振幅透射率函数的相关来表示,然后把该结论用于两个完全一样的矩形光栅,得出了双矩形光栅在一些特殊间距时透镜后焦面上的光强分布可以表示为周期不同的三角形光栅透过率。     

Improving image quality by zero-loss energy filtering: quantitative assessment by means of image cross-correlation

Fourier ring correlation and root-mean-square contrast of pairs of images, taken under identical conditions, were used as criteria of image quality for comparing unfiltered with zero-loss energy-filtered imaging using a TEM equipped with a post-column energy filter. For three different specimens (amorphous carbon film, macromolecules in light negative stain, virus particles in deep negative stain) the dependence of these quantities on electron dose, specimen thickness and defocus was investigated. A model, based on simple assumptions, was used to describe quantitatively their dependence on electron dose and specimen thickness. It was found that energy filtering is most advantageous for low-dose imaging and small defocus values. The gain due to energy filtering strongly increases with specimen thickness, whereby the dependence is linear for light scattering elements. For thick specimens, the gain by energy filtering is more pronounced in the resolution range between 4 and 2 nm than for lower spatial frequencies.     

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) embedding and subsequent de-embedding as a method for the correlation of light microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and transmission electron microscopy

The polyethylene glycol (PEG) embedding and subsequent deembedding method was applied to the observation of general tissues in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Resulting SEM images were of high quality. It was demonstrated that intermicroscopic correlation of images between light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is easily and reliably done by means of the PEG method. In particular, the exact correlation of immuno-LM with SEM is shown to be of potential value.     

Measurement of surface roughness on rough machined surfaces using spectral speckle correlation and image analysis

A speckle pattern is formed when a rough surface is illuminated with coherent light. The properties of this pattern can be used in the calculation of roughness parameters. Spectral speckle correlation (SSC) is a technique applicable to the measurement of roughness on rough machined surfaces. This paper presents the SSC obtained from measurements on specimens with a surface roughness in range R_a = 0.5–5 μm. The measurement results correspond to reference measurements made using a stylus instrument, Form Talysurf.     

Accurate assessment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease lesions in liver allograft biopsies by a smartphone platform: A proof of concept

Macrovesicular steatosis (MS) is a major risk factor for liver graft failure after transplantation and pathological microscopic examination of a frozen tissue section remains the gold standard for its assessment. However, the latter requires an experienced in‐house pathologist for correct and rapid diagnosis as well as specific equipment that is not always available. Smartphones, which are must‐have tools for everyone, are very suitable for incorporation into promising technology to generate moveable diagnostic tools as for telepathology. The study aims to compare the microscopic assessment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) spectrum in liver allograft biopsies by a smartphone microscopy platform (DIPLE device) to standard light microscopy. Forty‐two liver graft biopsies were evaluated in transmitted light, using an iPhone X and the microscopy platform. A significant correlation was reported between the two different approaches for graft MS assessment (Spearman's correlation coefficient: r = .93; p < .001) and for steatohepatitis feature (r = .56; p < .001; r = .45; p < .001). Based on these findings, a smartphone integrated with a cheap microscopy platform can achieve adequate accuracy in the assessment of NAFLD in liver graft and could be used as an alternative to standard light microscopy when the latter is unavailable.