基于图连通支配集的子图匹配优化算法

在子图匹配过程中,随着图规模不断增长,匹配时间呈现指数爆炸的趋势.对此,提出一种基于图连通支配集的子图匹配优化算法VF-SMDS.根据贪心算法构建查询图的最小连通支配子图;通过代价模型计算最小连通支配子图节点的匹配代价,构建最优k查询节点匹配序列;通过支配节点的结构特征缩小查询节点搜索空间范围,在数据图中遍历到满足要求的节点,得到最终答案集.实验将VF-SMDS与GADDI、SPath、VF2++、VF3和SubISO方法进行对比.实验结果表明,在处理较大规模子图匹配问题时,VF-SMDS查询效率更高.     

数据结构中图的遍历算法

本文根据图的存储结构、搜索路径及编制算法的方法不同,详尽地给出八种不同的图的遍历算法思想。即:从图的邻接矩阵和邻接表两种不同存储结构,再考虑到递归和非递归两种遍历思想的不同,分别把深度优先搜索遍历和广度优先搜索遍历分为四种不同的遍历方法。其目的是:通过本文的讨论,使初学者及高职学生能充分掌握数据结构中图的不同遍历算法并能正确的给出图的各种遍历程序。     

基于偏序堆的Prim算法设计与实现

本文介绍了借助基于邻接表的偏序堆设计和实现Prim算法的具体方法,文中给出了程序类图、重要数据结构以及关Prim()算法的具体代码,并对算法的执行效率进行分析。     

二叉树的遍历及其应用实例

全国计算机等级三级数据库技术考试大纲,对数据结构与算法的要求是数据结构、算法的基本概念;线性表的定义、存储和运算;树形结构的定义、存储和运算;排序的基本概念和排序方法;检索的基本概念和检索算法。本文针对二叉树的遍历列举了一些应用实例,希望对参加数据库技术考试的考生有所帮助。     

图像矩特征匹配的快速算法(英文)

针对图像匹配过程中矩特征计算量大的问题,从矩特征求解特点出发,提出了一种快速的矩特征匹配算法.该算法利用匹配过程中相邻待匹配子图间的相关性,通过设置十个和表,使得每个待匹配子图低阶矩的计算只需很少的几次加乘运算,大大降低了矩特征的计算复杂度,缩短了匹配耗时.同时,由于所提算法矩特征的计算是基于图像灰度值的精确计算,且匹配过程采用遍历搜索策略,因此其匹配精度与传统遍历搜索的匹配精度相当.仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性.     

基于甲骨文数据库管理系统的化学结构检索数据库的设计与实现

设计了一种基于大型数据库管理系统Oracle的化学结构数据存储模式,并实现了相应于此模式的高效化学结构检索方法。结构检索方法建立在图子图匹配算法VF2的基础上,对其进行了必要的改造和扩展,使之适合于化学结构检索。在此基础上,针对美国NCl(National Cancer Institute)25万个化合物的2D结构建立了数据库,成功进行了结构检索试验。结果表明,这种实现方法不仅能高效存储并准确检索化合物的结构信息,而且也容易实现与药物研发过程中所产生的大量其它数据(如生物筛选数据和DNA芯片基因表达数据等)进行高效整合。这个设计的改进版已经集成于微芯公司的药物研发生化信息学软件系统——TASS(Target Activity Structure System)中。     

基于子图同构的三维CAD模型局部匹配

针对整体相似性检索算法无法实施精确的局部结构匹配的问题,提出一种基于子图同构的三维CAD模型局部结构匹配算法.该算法通过提取CAD模型的B-Rep信息,将其表示为以面作为节点的属性邻接图.在局部匹配过程中,用户输入的局部结构被表示成"子图".待匹配的整体CAD模型被表示成"大图";则在整体CAD模型中.检索局部结构的问题就被转换成在"大图"中寻找同构"子图"的问题.子图同构是NP完全问题,通过利用CAD模型的面特征将图顶点有效细分,并利用已匹配顶点之间的邻接关系动态裁剪搜索空间,实现了快速的同构匹配.实验结果表明,该算法能实现精确的局部结构匹配,并且检索效率能满足实际应用要求.     

基于二进制序列的属性访问控制策略检索方法

在基于属性访问控制策略中,如何快速响应检索的访问控制请求至关重要,而通过遍历策略集合每条规则中的所有属性值去匹配相应规则的检索方法是低效的。提出一种基于二进制序列的属性访问控制策略检索方法,采用二进制标志和二进制编码表示基于属性的访问控制策略和访问控制请求,通过对二进制标志的逻辑运算选择合适的分组,在组内,通过访问控制请求的二进制编码和所有规则的二进制编码的匹配来查找合适的规则,减少策略集合内规则的属性与访问控制请求属性匹配的过程,从而提高策略检索效率。在实验中从策略预处理、策略评估时间和策略检索总时间三个方面类比相似检索方法的效率,实验结果表明,提出的策略检索方法具有更高的检索效率。     

启发式全局偏序挖掘算法

偏序模型能直观反映序列数据信息,全局偏序模型能进一步从整体上更加准确反映序列的全局信息,方便用户的理解.本文对全局偏序模型的构建方法进行研究,针对基于遍历搜索构建模型所造成的效率较低,不宜扩展的问题,提出基于启发式搜索的全局模型构造改进算法.在模型构造中有效利用频繁序列挖掘算法所获得的局部信息,改进搜索路径,提高算法效率,获得准确结果.     

基于邻域等价类的同构子图搜索算法

节点异质图常作为复杂网络的数据模型,同构子图搜索是异质图挖掘过程中的重要问题,但现有算法的子图去重步骤降低了搜索效率。为此,基于Turbo_(ISO)算法中的邻域等价类(NEC)概念,提出同构子图搜索算法NEC-COMB。该算法包含预处理、节点顺序确定、子图同构匹配和子图提取4个部分,在子图同构匹配时对NEC中的节点使用组合策略,避免等价节点重复匹配。实验结果表明,与经典算法VF2,GraphQL,Turbo_(ISO)相比,NEC-COMB可有效提高搜索效率,优化去重效果。     

Adaptive partial graph learning and fusion for incomplete multi-view clustering

Most of existing multi-view clustering methods assume that different feature views of data are fully observed. However, it is common that only portions of data features can be obtained in many practical applications. The presence of incomplete feature views hinders the performance of the conventional multi-view clustering methods to a large extent. Recently proposed incomplete multi-view clustering methods often focus on directly learning a common representation or a consensus affinity similarity graph from available feature views while ignore the valuable information hidden in the missing views. In this study, we present a novel incomplete multi-view clustering method via adaptive partial graph learning and fusion (APGLF), which can capture the local data structure of both within-view and cross-view. Specifically, we use the available data of each view to learn a corresponding view-specific partial graph, in which the within-view local structure can be well preserved. Then we design a cross-view graph fusion term to learn a consensus complete graph for different views, which can take advantage of the complementary information hidden in the view-specific partial graphs learned from incomplete views. In addition, a rank constraint is imposed on the graph Laplacian matrix of the fused graph to better recover the optimal cluster structure of original data. Therefore, APGLF integrates within-view partial graph learning, cross-view partial graph fusion and cluster structure recovering into a unified framework. Experiments on five incomplete multi-view data sets are conducted to validate the efficacy of APGLF when compared with eight state-of-the-art methods.     

Exact and approximate graph matching using random walks

In this paper, we propose a general framework for graph matching which is suitable for different problems of pattern recognition. The pattern representation we assume is at the same time highly structured, like for classic syntactic and structural approaches, and of subsymbolic nature with real-valued features, like for connectionist and statistic approaches. We show that random walk based models, inspired by Google's PageRank, give rise to a spectral theory that nicely enhances the graph topological features at node level. As a straightforward consequence, we derive a polynomial algorithm for the classic graph isomorphism problem, under the restriction of dealing with Markovian spectrally distinguishable graphs (MSD), a class of graphs that does not seem to be easily reducible to others proposed in the literature. The experimental results that we found on different test-beds of the TC-15 graph database show that the defined MSD class "almost always" covers the database, and that the proposed algorithm is significantly more efficient than top scoring VF algorithm on the same data. Most interestingly, the proposed approach is very well-suited for dealing with partial and approximate graph matching problems, derived for instance from image retrieval tasks. We consider the objects of the COIL-100 visual collection and provide a graph-based representation, whose node's labels contain appropriate visual features. We show that the adoption of classic bipartite graph matching algorithms offers a straightforward generalization of the algorithm given for graph isomorphism and, finally, we report very promising experimental results on the COIL-100 visual collection.     

Saving Space by Fully Exploiting Invisible Transitions

Checking that a given finite state program satisfies a linear temporal logic property suffers from the state explosion problem. Often the resulting lack of available memory is more significant than any time limitations. One way to cope with this is to reduce the state graph used for model checking. We present an algorithm for constructing a state graph that is a projection of the program's state graph. The algorithm maintains the transitions and states that affect the truth of the property to be checked. Especially in conjunction with known partial order reduction algorithms, we show a substantial reduction in memory over using partial order methods alone, both in the precomputation stage, and in the result presented to a model checker. The price of the space reduction is a single additional traversal of the graph obtained with partial order reduction. As part of our space-saving methods, we present a new way to exploit Holzmann's Bit Hash Table, which assists us in solving the revisiting problem.     

基于势结构的给定限界的联盟结构生成算法*

联盟结构生成是多agent系统中的一个关键问题。Sandholm等人证明了要建立最坏情况下的限界k, 搜索联盟结构图的最底两层是必要且是充分的,如何进一步搜索是一个长期以来未能解决的问题。当实际应用提出最坏情况的具体限界要求时,如何通过部分的搜索达到这个限界？胡山立和石纯一给出了一种以层为单位的最优搜索算法, Dang等人和苏射雄等人给出了以势结构为单位的联盟结构生成算法。新算法MCCS提出在搜索最底两层及顶层后,搜索势结构集合MCCS(n, k)对应的联盟结构,以更少的势结构达到给定限界k。实验表明,在     

Solving subgraph isomorphism problems with constraint programming

The subgraph isomorphism problem consists in deciding if there exists a copy of a pattern graph in a target graph. We introduce in this paper a global constraint and an associated filtering algorithm to solve this problem within the context of constraint programming. The main idea of the filtering algorithm is to label every node with respect to its relationships with other nodes of the graph, and to define a partial order on these labels in order to express compatibility of labels for subgraph isomorphism. This partial order over labels is used to filter domains. Labelings can also be strengthened by adding information from the labels of neighbors. Such a strengthening can be applied iteratively until a fixpoint is reached. Practical experiments illustrate that our new filtering approach is more effective on difficult instances of scale free graphs than state-of-the-art algorithms and other constraint programming approaches.     

Optimizing join queries in distributed databases

A reduced cover set of the set of full reducer semijoin programs for an acyclic query graph for a distributed database system is given. An algorithm is presented that determines the minimum cost full reducer program. The computational complexity of finding the optimal full reducer for a single relation is of the same order as that of finding the optimal full reducer for all relations. The optimization algorithm is able to handle query graphs where more than one attribute is common between the relations. A method for determining the optimum profitable semijoin program is presented. A low-cost algorithm which determines a near-optimal profitable semijoin program is outlined. This is done by converting a semijoin program into a partial order graph. This graph also allows one to maximize the concurrent processing of the semijoins. It is shown that the minimum response time is given by the largest cost path of the partial order graph. This reducibility is used as a post optimizer for the SSD-1 query optimization algorithm. It is shown that the least upper bound on the length of any profitable semijoin program is N(N-1) for a query graph of N nodes     

多视图对比增强的异质图结构学习方法

异质图神经网络作为一种异质图表示学习的方法,可以有效地抽取异质图中的复杂结构与语义信息,在节点分类和连接预测任务上取得了优异的表现,为知识图谱的表示与分析提供了有力的支撑.现有的异质图由于存在一定的噪声交互或缺失部分交互,导致异质图神经网络在节点聚合、更新时融入错误的邻域特征信息,从而影响模型的整体性能.为解决该问题,提出了多视图对比增强的异质图结构学习模型.该模型首先利用元路径保持异质图中的语义信息,并通过计算每条元路径下节点之间特征相似度生成相似度图,将其与元路径图融合,实现对图结构的优化.通过将相似度图与元路径图作为不同视图进行多视图对比,实现无监督信息的情况下优化图结构,摆脱对监督信号的依赖.最后,为解决神经网络模型在训练初期学习能力不足、生成的图结构中往往存在错误交互的问题,设计了一个渐进式的图结构融合方法.通过将元路径图和相似度图递增地加权相加,改变图结构融合过程中相似度图所占的比例,在抑制了因模型学习能力弱引入过多的错误交互的同时,达到了用相似度图中的交互抑制原有干扰交互或补全缺失交互的目的,实现了对异质图结构的优化.选择节点分类与节点聚类作为图结构学习的验证任务,在4种...     

Graph-based shape indexing

Graphs have become growingly important in representing shapes in computer vision. Given a query graph, it is essential to retrieve similar database graphs efficiently from a large database. In this paper, we present a graph-based indexing technique which overcomes significant drawbacks of the previous work (Demirci et al. in Comput Vis Image Underst 110(3):312–325, 2008) using a recently developed theorem from the domain of matrix analysis. Our technique starts by representing the topological structure of a graph in a vector space. As done in the previous work, the topological structure of a graph is constructed using its Laplacian spectra. However, unlike the previous approach, which represents all sugraphs of a database graph in the vector space to account for local similarity, a database graph in the proposed framework is represented as a single vector. By performing a range search around the query, the proposed indexing technique returns a set with both partial and global similarity. Empirical evaluation of the algorithm on an extensive set of retrieval trials including a comparison with the previous approach in both 2D and 3D demonstrates the effectiveness, efficiency, and robustness of the overall approach.     

An online composite graphics recognition approach based on matching of spatial relation graphs

A spatial relation graph (SRG) and its partial matching method are proposed for online composite graphics representation and recognition. The SRG-based approach emphasizes three characteristics of online graphics recognition: partial, structural, and independent of stroke order and stroke number. A constrained partial permutation strategy is also proposed to reduce the computational cost of matching two SRGs, which is originally an NP-complete problem as is graph isomorphism. Experimental results show that our proposed SRG-based approach is both efficient and effective for online composite graphics recognition in our sketch-based graphics input system - SmartSketchpad.Received: 13 March 2003, Accepted: 13 March 2004, Published online: 1 June 2004