Al-Cu-Co十次准晶颗粒增强铝基复合材料的微观组织和制备中的相转变

采用电弧炉熔炼配置成分为Al65Cu15Co20十次准晶合金锭,并以Al65Cu15Co20准晶颗粒为增强相,Al-4.5%Cu合金为基体,采用熔体机械搅拌法制备准晶颗粒增强铝基复合材料.利用XRD、SEM及EDS分析Al65Cu15Co20准晶合金及颗粒增强铝基复合材料的相成分、微观组织及各组成相的分布,并详细分析准晶颗粒加入熔体前后的形貌、相成分和结构的变化.由于准晶颗粒与熔体之间的相互扩散作用,使得准晶颗粒加入熔体后迅速失稳,其形貌则由加入前的不规则多边形状转变成块状和板条状,并发生如下相转变:D-Al62.10Cu17.46Co20.44→θ-Al79.58Cu1.10Co19.32,在随后的凝固过程中,由于"界面推移效应"使得θ相沿晶界处均匀分布.     

Microstructural evolution of direct chill cast Al-15.5Si-4Cu-1Mg-1Ni-0.5Cr alloy during solution treatment

Heat treatment has important influence on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Si alloys. The most common used heat treatment method for these alloys is solution treatment followed by age-hardening. This paper investigates the microstructural evolution of a direct chill (DC) cast Al-15.5Si-4Cu-1Mg-1Ni-0.5Cr alloy after solution treated at 500, 510, 520 and 530℃, respectively for different times. The major phases observed in the as-cast alloy are α-aluminum dendrite, primary Si particle, eutectic Si, Al7Cu4Ni, Al5Cu2Mg8Si6, Al15(Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu)4Si2 and Al2Cu. The Al2Cu phase dissolves completely after being solution treated for 2 h at 500℃, while the eutectic Si, Al5Cu2Mg8Si6 and Al15(Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu)4Si2 phases are insoluble. In addition, the Al7Cu4Ni phase is substituted by the Al3CuNi phase. The α-aluminum dendrite network disappears when the solution temperature is increased to 530℃. Incipient melting of the Al2Cu-rich eutectic mixture occurrs at 520℃, and melting of the Al5Cu2Mg8Si6 and Al3CuNi phases is observed at a solution temperature of 530℃. The void formation of the structure and deterioration of the mechanical properties are found in samples solution treated at 530℃.     

Influence of Al Addition on Oxidation Behavior of Cu–Ni–Cr Alloys at 973–1073 K in 1.01 × 10<Superscript>2</Superscript> kPa Pure Oxygen

The oxidation behavior of Cu–20Ni–15Cr–2.5Al and Cu–20Ni–20Cr–2.5Al alloys was studied at 973–1073 K in 1.01 × 10² kPa pure oxygen. The oxidation kinetics exhibited large deviations from the parabolic rate law and were comprised of three or four quasi-parabolic stages. Oxidation rates of the present alloys were much lower than those previously reported for a Cu–20Ni–20Cr alloy. Cu–20Ni–15Cr–2.5Al alloy formed a continuous scale of chromia in contact with the alloy, while at other locations, the scale formed deep protrusions into alloy along β phases. Cu–20Ni–20Cr–2.5Al alloy formed a continuous scale of chromia with a small quantity of light and unoxidized precipitates of α phase, especially at 1073 K. There was a thin layer depleted in Cr beneath the continuous scales of chromia. The addition of 2.5 at.% Al to Cu–Ni–Cr alloy made the diffusion of reactive component Cr become much faster and facilitated the formation of a continuous external scale of chromia for a lower Cr content.     

含Si量对Mullite纤维/Al-Cu-Si复合材料及其基体合金时效行为的影响

用挤压铸造方法制备了Mullite/Al Cu Si复合材料。用硬度 (HB)测试仪、差示扫描量热仪 (DSC)和显微镜研究含Si量变化和Mullite纤维对Al Cu Si合金时效硬化行为的影响 ;元素Si、Mullite纤维以及二者同时存在对Al Cu Si合金时效析出序列的影响。结果表明 :Si和Mullite纤维明显抑制了Al Cu合金GP区的形成 ;随着含Si量增加 ,Al Cu Si合金的时效硬化过程加快 ;Mullite纤维对Al Cu和Al Cu Si合金的时效硬化过程都具有加速作用 ,同时提高了基体合金的时效硬度 ,但相对而言 ,Mullite纤维对无Si的Al Cu合金的时效硬化加速作用更为明显一些。     

陶瓷颗粒增强Mg65Cu20Zn5Y10块体金属玻璃复合材料

在块体玻璃形成合金Mg65Cu20Zn5Y10中添加10％(体积分数)的SiC或15％的TiB2陶瓷颗粒，经铜模浇铸形成块体金属玻璃复合材料．这些第二相颗粒的引入对基体合金的玻璃形成能力未产生明显的不良影响．陶瓷第二相颗粒弥散分布于金属玻璃基体上．复合材料的轴向压缩断裂强度达到1GPa，为Mg65Cu20Zn5Y10块体金属玻璃的1．2倍．Mg65Cu20Zn5Y10块体金属玻璃的断裂发生于弹性形变阶段，断裂前几乎观察不到塑性形变．与之相对照，含有TiB2颗粒的复合材料断裂前可表现出约0．9％的塑性应变．     

镁基块体金属玻璃基复合材料研究

在空气中采用普通铜模浇铸法制备了两种成分的Mg-Cu-Al-Y金属玻璃复合材料(Mg65Cu23Al2Y10和Mg65Cu20Al5Y10)试样。XRD分析表明,随着Al的加入,原本的非晶“馒头峰”上出现了晶体增强相的尖锐峰;DSC曲线中晶化放热峰表明两种合金基体为非晶态结构,相比于纯玻璃态时,复合材料的玻璃转变温度和初始晶化温度均下降,过冷液相区变窄,同时表现为多级晶化;尽管两种合金的成分只有细微差别,但微观组织却相差很大,当Al含量为2%时,显微组织中有明显的针状组织存在,而Al含量为5%时,为粒状组织。显微硬度测试表明:当Al含量为2%时,硬度值明显提高,均值达到了276HV,比完全非晶态下的硬度值高出42HV。     

Al2O3短纤维/SiC颗粒混杂增强铝合金复合材料

研究了Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 短纤维和ＳｉＣ 颗粒混杂增强铝合金复合材料在制动过程中的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明复合材料在制动过程中的摩擦系数较稳定, 磨损量较小, 与传统的制动材料铸铁相比, 复合材料的表面温升较低, 铸铁由于表面温升较高而产生了大量的裂纹。复合材料由于增强体的存在, 制动过程中表面易形成致密连续的转移膜, 该转移膜的出现保证了复合材料在制动过程中摩擦系数的稳定, 降低了复合材料的磨损量。与铸铁相比, 复合材料的密度较低, 更适用于作制动材料     

Mechanical properties and creep resistance of Mg-Li composites reinforced by MgO/Mg_2Si particles

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＭｇ Ｌｉａｌｌｏｙｉｓａｎｅｗａｎｄｓｕｐｅｒ ｌｉｇｈｔｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌｍａ ｔｅｒｉａｌ.Ｉｔｉｓｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄｉｎｓｐａｃｅａｎｄｗｅａｐｏｎｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｈｉｇｈｅｒｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈａｎｄｒｉｇｉｄｉｔｙ .Ｓｏｍｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ[1～8] ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｅｄｔｈａｔ:1 )ｔｈｅｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｏｆｂｉｎａｒｙａｌｌｏｙｉｓｌｏｗｅｒａｎｄｔｈｅｃｒｅｅｐｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅｉｓｖｅｒｙｐｏｏｒ;2 )ｔｈｅｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｃａ…     

等离子烧结Al35Ti15Cr20Mn20Cu10/6061Al复合材料的组织与性能

采用机械合金化与放电等离子烧结工艺制备了体积分数为5%的Al35Ti15Cr20Mn20Cu10增强6061Al复合材料,重点研究了烧结温度对轻质高熵合金增强铝基复合材料微观组织及力学性能的影响。当烧结温度为540℃时,复合材料的致密度最大为98.6%。此时复合材料基体与增强体之间产生明显过渡层,界面结合以扩散结合为主。随着烧结温度升高,复合材料的屈服强度出现先上升后下降的趋势。当烧结温度为540℃时,复合材料的屈服强度达到186MPa,相比基体的屈服强度提升了约75%,复合材料的屈服强度接近Iso-strain模型的计算值。     

铸造ZL101A／SiCp复合材料的研究

采用真空搅拌复合工艺制备了铸造ZL101A／SiC复合材料,研究了变质和细化处理对复合材料组织的影响。结果表明：变质和细化处理铸造 ZL101A／SiC复合材料制备工艺的重要处理措施,可明显改善复合材料的组织。利用透射电镜对AL／SiC界面特征及界面反应进行分析,同时对该复合材料的铸造性能（熔体合金流动性能、线收缩、体收缩和热裂倾向）以及力学和物理性能进行了测试。     

热处理对金刚石/2024Al复合材料微观组织和热物理性能的影响

采用挤压铸造法制备粒径为5μm、体积分数为50%的金刚石/2024Al 复合材料。退火处理后对其金相组织界面反应、界面结合情况以及金刚石颗粒的内部缺陷进行观察与分析,并对其热物理性能进行测试与研究。结果表明,金刚石/2024Al 复合材料的组织致密,无明显的气孔、夹杂等缺陷;颗粒为不规则多边形,有棱角,分布比较均匀。透射电镜观察表明,部分金刚石颗粒内部有位错和层错存在,而2024Al 基体中的位错密度较大,金刚石/2024Al界面处有较多的界面反应物生成,可能为Al2Cu。复合材料在20~100°C温度区间内的平均热膨胀系数为8.5×10-6°C-1,退火处理的复合材料其热膨胀系数有一定程度的降低;随着温度的升高,复合材料的平均热膨胀系数也呈现增加的趋势。复合材料的热导率约为100 W/（m·K）,退火处理能够提高复合材料的热导率。     

EFFECTS OF HEAT TREATMENT ON THE THERMAL EXPANSION BEHAVIOR OF SiC WHISKER REINFORCED ALUMINUM COMPOSITE

1. IntroductionHigh specific stiffness and strength, good fatigue properties and tribological propertiesmake SiC whisker reinforcement aluminum composite as attractive class of candidates formany applications such as aerospace and electronic industries[1--2]. As structural componellts with temperature variable the materials used must have good performance includingnot only high mechalilcal properties, but also lower and stable coefficients of thermal expansion. Therefore, it is very important…     

淬火处理对Cu-Al合金热膨胀性能的影响

利用膨胀仪测试了Cu-Al合金在25～700℃的热膨胀系数,探讨了淬火处理对Cu-Al合金热膨胀性能的影响.结果表明:淬火处理能改变Cu-Al合金的热膨胀系数,Cu-Al合金淬火处理后的热膨胀系数在290～408℃时小于铸态Cu-Al合金的热膨胀系数.其余温度区间均大于铸态Cu-Al合金的热膨胀系数.     

Preparation and characterisation of melt-spun Al–Cu–Fe quasicrystals

Three Al–Cu–Fe alloys with compositions of Al_60–65Cu_20–27.5Fe_12.5–15 were prepared by conventional casting and further processed by melt-spinning. The structures formed were examined to get an insight into the interrelated effects of synthesis, processing and microstructure of Al–Cu–Fe alloys. The study aimed at answering the questions such as whether the production of single-phase quasicrystalline ribbons is possible by the melt-spinning process and what is the role of the degree of undercooling in the development of microstructure in melt-spun ribbons.The icosahedral ψ-Al₆₅Cu₂₀Fe₁₅ phase forms by a peritectic reaction between the primary β-AlFe phase and the liquid, as the temperature decreases. At the later stages of cooling, the monoclinic λ-Al₁₃Fe₄ phase and the tetragonal θ-Al₂Cu phase are formed in the cast alloys, as a result of peritectic reactions. In the rapidly solidified alloys, the formation of the tetragonal θ-Al₂Cu phase and, in the case of alloy Al₆₀Cu₂₅Fe₁₅, the monoclinic λ-Al₁₃Fe₄ phase is avoided, apparently due to high degree of undercooling. Thus, the production of single-phase quasicrystalline ribbons is not possible by the melt-spinning process, at least by using the cooling rate of 5–7×10⁴ °C/s. In addition to phase selection, the degree on undercooling influences, for example, the composition of the ψ-Al₆₅Cu₂₀Fe₁₅ phase and the grain morphology in melt-spun ribbons.     

Microstructures and Thermal Properties of Cold-Sprayed Cu-Cr Composite Coatings

Copper-based composites for thermal conductive components were prepared via the cold spray process, and the deposition efficiency and adhesion morphology of feedstock powders on Cu substrate were evaluated. Cu-based composites were fabricated using Cu-Cr mixed powders with their mixture ratio of 20, 35, 50, and 65 mass% Cr onto oxygen-free copper substrate with N₂ carrier gas. Cu-Cr composite coatings were investigated for their Cr content ratio, microstructures, and thermal conductivity. The Cr content ratio in the coating was approximately 50-60% of feedstock mixture ratio due to the low formability of the hard particles. Transmission electron microscopy characterizations revealed that an oxygen-rich layer exists at the Cr particle/Cu substrate interface, which contributes to the deposition of the Cr particles. After the heat treatment at 1093 K, the coatings showed denser cross-sectional structures than those before the heat treatment, and the thermal conductivity was improved as a result of the recrystallization of Cu matrix.     

颗粒增强Al－4％Mg复合材料中显微孔隙的分析

探讨了Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＳｉＣ、ＳｉＯ２等三种颗粒增强Ａｌ－４％Ｍｇ复合材料凝固组织中显微孔隙的形成规律．结果表明：前者显微孔隙是由Ａｌ２Ｏ３颗粒加入导致熔体粘度增加、颗粒堵塞枝晶间的补缩流动通道以及颗粒与基体合金的热膨胀系数的差异三种因素所引起；第二种材料由于气孔易在ＳｉＣ颗粒表面形核，或者ＳｉＣ颗粒与基体结合较弱，使得该复合材料比前者易形成显微孔隙；第三种复合材料，是由于ＳｉＯ２颗粒与基体间发生了界面反应，一定量的Ｓｉ溶入了基体，增大了基体的凝固潜热，从而提高了基体合金凝固时的补缩流动能力，所以ＳｉＯ２ｐ／Ａｌ－４％Ｍｇ复合材料的凝固组织比同样条件下Ａｌ２Ｏ３ｐ／Ａｌ－４％Ｍｇ和ＳｉＣｐ／Ａｌ－４％Ｍｇ复合材料致密。     

Effect of fabrication method on the aging behavior of 6061 Al matrix composites reinforced with SiC whiskers

Age hardening behaviors of SiC whisker reinforced composites with 6061 Al matrix fabricated by P.M. (powder metallurgy) and squeeze casting were investigated to examine the effect of the fabrication method on the aging kinetics. In the squeeze cast composite, numorous triangular particles which is believed to be MgAlp₂O₄ were observed at Al/SiC interfaces whereas no visible interface particles were observed in the P. M. composite. P.M. composite showed faster age hardening and reached the maximum hardness earler than the squeeze cast composites. The decrease of the aging kinetics in squeeze cast 6061 Al matrix composites compared to that in P.M. composites is thought to result from more severe depletion of Mg atoms due to interfacial reactions in squeeze cast composites. The uniformity of whisker distribution is suggested to influence the general aging behavior through its effect on the local dislocation density. Data on the aging kinetics and the interfacial reactions in other Al alloys were also examined to study various factors which can influence the aging kinetics.     

Fabrication and characterization of cast magnesium matrix composites by vacuum stir casting process

A vacuum stir casting process is developed to produce SiC_p reinforced cast magnesium matrix composites. This process can eliminate the entrapment of external gas onto melt and oxidation of magnesium during stirring synthesis. Two composites with Mg-Al9Zn and Mg-Zn5Zr alloys as matrices and 15 vol.% SiC particles as reinforcement are obtained. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites and the unreinforced alloys in as-cast and heat treatment conditions are analyzed and evaluated. In 15 vol.% SiC_p reinforced Mg-Al9Zn alloy-based composite (Mg-Al9Zn/15SiC_p), SiC particles distribute homogenously in the matrix and are well bonded with magnesium. In 15 vol.% SiC_p reinforced Mg-Zn5Zr alloy-based composite (Mg-Zn5Zr/15SiC_p), some agglomerations of SiC particles can be seen in the microstructure. In the same stirring process conditions, SiC reinforcement is more easily wetted by magnesium in the Mg-Al9Zn melt than in the Mg-Zn5Zr melt. The significant improvement in yield strength and elastic modulus for two composites has been achieved, especially for the Mg-Al9Zn/15SiC_p composite in which yield strength and elastic modulus increase 112 and 33%, respectively, over the unreinforced alloy, and increase 24 and 21%, respectively, for the Mg-Zn5Zr/15SiC_p composite. The strain-hardening behaviors of the two composites and their matrix alloys were analyzed based on the microstructure characteristics of the materials.     

异质结构Zr基非晶合金的热稳定性及力学性能

通过铜模铸造法制备了具有异质结构的Zr64.2Ni16.2Cu14.6Al5和Zr63.4Ni16.2Cu15.4Al5块体非晶合金,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了其微观结构及热稳定性。结果表明,与均匀结构的Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15块体非晶合金相比,异质结构降低了材料的热稳定性。在单轴压缩试验中,两种Zr基块体非晶合金具有大的塑性应变(>25%)和高的屈服强度(>1.6GPa)。低的STZs势能和高的剪切带扩展抗力是异质结构Zr基块体非晶合金塑性提高的主要原因。     

锆基大块非晶合金在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

利用电化学方法研究了3种锆基大块非晶合金Zr60Al15Ni25、Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15和Zr52.5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12.5在1%、3.5%和10%（wt.%）NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为.极化曲线的测试结果表明,在相同浓度NaCl溶液中Zr60Al15Ni25合金表面形成相对稳定的钝化膜,表现出较好的耐腐蚀能力.元素Cu和Be的添加,降低了合金Zr52.5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12.5和Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15在NaCl溶液中的钝化能力,增加了点蚀的敏感性.失重法研究结果表明3种合金腐蚀速率的大小顺序依次为Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15〉Zr52.5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12.5〉Zr60Al15Ni25.利用扫描电镜（SEM）和能量散射X射线谱（EDS）分析了极化后的合金表面,结果表明点蚀孔内部Zr、Al、Ni的选择性溶解和Cu在钝化膜下的富集导致了合金的耐腐蚀性能降低.