水针板清洗技术的理论探讨

为了找到一种适合水针板清洗的有效方法,简要介绍了水针板的基本情况,分析了堵塞水针板的主要物质及3种堵塞形式,列举了3种水针板化学清洗浸泡液以及具有一定功能、适合添加到浸泡液的化学试剂。详细介绍了水针板高压清洗技术的清洗机理,清洗方法和技术优点,并对运用超声波技术和激光技术清洗水针板进行了分析。     

水刺法非织造布水针板清洗技术介绍

介绍了水刺法非织造布的水针板清洗技术,说明了要根据不同的情况选择合适的处理技术。     

水刺法织造布水针板清洗技术介绍

介绍了水刺法非织造布的水针板清洗技术,说明了要根据不同的情况选择合适的处理技术.     

烛式过滤机过滤元件清洗方法研究

采用化学方法对烛式过滤机滤片的清洗进行研究,通过单因素和正交试验对清洗工艺进行优化,结果表明:NaOH清洗效果较好,其最佳工艺为NaOH浓度50 g/L,清洗温度60℃,清洗时间2 h。     

耗水量低与缠结效果好的水针板

1　水针板的质量决定缠结效果水刺工艺可能是非织造布领域内成长最快的技术 ,其奥秘在于其本身的独有特点———极细、高速的水针打击到纤网或其他类似的基质中 ,能量通过水针传输到纤网中 ,从而使其内部的纤维相互缠结在一起 ,生成的产品具有传统纺织品的特性 ,如手感软、透气、耐磨 ,可以印染。水刺非织造布已渗透到服装、家庭装饰和用品市场 ,个人擦布、工业擦布等水刺非织造布成品市场也在不断增长 ,工业专家预测水刺非织造布产量约占世界非织造布总产量的 1 2 %。水刺技术成败的关键就是水针板。水针板是决定水刺非织造布所有物性优劣…     

化学清洗工艺技术的研究与应用

随着现代化技术与信息化手段的优化和进步,社会已进入科技时代,这对化学清洗技术的发展和优化起到了良好的促进作用,化学清洗技术作为一种在石化行业与化工行业广泛应用的清洗技术,为了确保其能够取得预期的应用效果,必须充分结合实际情况,对化学清洗工艺技术展开深入的研究与分析.因此,文章首先对化学清洗工艺技术的主要作用加以明确,然后对化学清洗工艺技术的具体方式与技术指标展开深入分析,并在此基础上探讨化学清洗工艺技术具备的经济效益.     

胶辊表面化学涂料处理的实践

为了使胶辊最大限度地发挥纺纱功能,实现优质高产降耗,通过对胶辊笔涂、板涂两种表面处理方法的纺纱效果进行对比,从涂料房的设计、专用胶辊架与涂料板的制作,胶辊表面粗糙度的控制、清洗、温度控制、涂料选用及配比,板涂注意事项等多方面进行分析,说明板涂方法用工少,劳动强度小,操作方便,成纱质量指标与笔涂处于同一水平。     

长距离管道清洗排气技术研究

文章介绍了输卤回水长管道的化学清洗的一种排气技术。该技术首先进行理论计算,根据计算值通过加酸量控制排气量,加酸方式为一次流过、不循环的清洗方式,解决了管道清洗中气阻和爆管问题,实现了化学清洗的平稳进行,收到了良好的效果。     

模拟方法研究蜂窝板清洗工艺

对含有有用物料的蜂窝板的清洗难度较大,为保证物料取出,须严格控制清洗工艺,文章针对吸附有无色透明溶液的蜂窝板,采用硝酸钠溶解的模拟方法对清洗工艺进行了研究,证明了此模拟方法的优越性,使用新工艺对蜂窝板进行清洗,可以极大减少清洗液体积,降低后续处理难度,降低实验成本。     

聚酯成形网(续七)

(2)毛刷清洗法清洗聚酯成形网除了使用高压水洗网之外,还有利用毛刷洗网的办法,北欧国家在这方面取得了成功的经验。为了清洗网上局部性的脏物,可以用毛刷加强高压水洗网的效果.但是应该特别指出是:只能用天然猪鬃或合成纤维毛刷,绝对不能使用金属丝刷.图38为一固定毛刷洗网装置。当喷水管装在网内,高压水从里向外清洗网子的时候,为了配合高压水洗网,毛刷是装在网子的外边,紧接在高压水针之后,并且尽     

STUDIES ON FLOWDYNAMICS OF FALLING FILMS OF WATER AND ITS EFFECT ON CLEANING OF STAINLESS STEEL

SUMMARY— Factors such as inclination angle of the test surface, flow rate and temperature and composition of cleaning solutions were examined for their influence on cleaning an 18-in.-wide sheet of No. 4 finish stainless steel by gravity flow of falling films of water and detergent solutions. A suspension of B. subtilis spores was used to contaminate the test surface. After a cleaning treatment, the percentage of spores remaining as measured by a direct surface agar plate method IDSAPI was used to calculate cleaning efficiency. Flows of water and cleaning solutions ranged from 50 to 250 lb/min. After detergent solutions, a post-rinse with water at 100°F for 5 min was used. Another setup with a smaller plate and a constant flow rate of 45 lb/min was used to study the effect on cleaning of varying plate angle between the limits of 60 degrees either side of vertical. Washing time was standardized at 10 min for the large plate and 15 min for the smaller one. Results indicated that cleaning improved with temperature, flow rate and with the presence of acid or alkaline cleaning agents. Cleaning was most effective when the plates were in the vertical position.     

REDUCTIONS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI, COLIFORMS, AEROBIC PLATE COUNTS AND CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI BY A SMALL-SCALE, HIGH-PRESSURE SYSTEM DEVISED TO CLEAN A MINIATURIZED POULTRY GIBLETS TRANSPORT SYSTEM

The efficacy of using direct high-pressure hot water (60C, 140F) and a quaternary ammonium compound to clean the inside of stainless steel pipe used to transport chicken giblets was evaluated. The giblets were collected from a commercial processing plant and were inoculated with Campylobacter jejuni. The cleaning system was effective in reducing the numbers of inoculated C. jejuni and naturally occurring mesotrophic bacteria (aerobic plate counts) on the inside surface of the stainless steel pipe used to transport the giblets. However, the decreases in naturally occurring Escherichia coli and coliforms were not significant. These results suggest that additional improvements are needed to better disinfect the piping system used to transport giblets to reduce the potential for cross-contamination with C. jejuni and E. coli. The devised cleaning system could be optimized to reduce the use of chemical agents, the cleaning time and the cost of cleaning pipes in poultry processing facilities.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

These experiments suggest that the traditional use of hot water and quaternary ammonium compounds to clean the inside of the piping system used to transport chicken giblets may not be sufficient to reduce the contamination with Campylobacter jejuni and mesotrophic bacteria (aerobic plate count). Poultry processors should be aware of the limitations of cleaning closed piping systems and develop and test high-pressure systems to thoroughly clean the pipes used to transport giblets after processing to avoid potential sources of cross-contamination with C. jejuni and mesotrophic bacteria.     

酸性电解水与次氯酸钠清洗鲜切菠菜节水能力比较

分别采用酸性电解水与次氯酸钠清洗鲜切菠菜,比较其在显著抑菌前提下的节水能力。在重复使用清洗水及不同菜水比的情况下,研究对鲜切菠菜的抑菌效果的影响,并揭示不同清洗剂物化指标的变化。结果表明:与次氯酸钠相比,强酸电解水在低菜水比的条件下能显著减少鲜切菠菜的菌落总数;在同样的清洗次数条件下,酸性电解水抑菌效果更好;清洗水在重复使用过程中,强酸电解水物化指标的变化较小且能保持水中菌落数量在低水平,可循环使用的潜力更高;重复使用清洗剂,p H变化不大,ORP(氧化还原电位)以及有效氯大幅下降,综合考虑,清洗过程中ORP的保持至关重要。      

Organic fouling and chemical cleaning of nanofiltration membranes: measurements and mechanisms

Fouling and subsequent chemical cleaning of nanofiltration (NF) membranes used in water quality control applications are often inevitable. To unravel the mechanisms of organic fouling and chemical cleaning, it is critical to understand the foulant-membrane, foulant-foulant, and foulant-cleaning agent interactions at the molecular level. In this study, the adhesion forces between the foulant and the membrane surface and between the bulk foulant and the fouling layer were determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). A carboxylate modified AFM colloid probe was used as a surrogate for humic acid, the major organic foulant in natural waters. The interfacial force data were combined with the NF membrane water flux measurements to elucidate the mechanisms of organic fouling and chemical cleaning. A remarkable correlation was obtained between the measured adhesion forces and the fouling and cleaning behavior of the membrane under various solution chemistries. The AFM measurements further confirmed that divalent calcium ions greatly enhance natural organic matter fouling by complexation and subsequent formation of intermolecular bridges among organic foulant molecules. Efficient chemical cleaning was achieved only when the calcium ion bridging was eliminated as a result of the interaction between the chemical cleaning agent and the fouling layer. The cleaning efficiency was highly dependent on solution pH and the concentration of the chemical cleaning agent.     

不停车化学清洗技术在真空制盐循环冷却水系统的应用

介绍了真空制盐循环冷却水系统在正常运行状态下,采用全无机复合清洗药剂进行不停车清洗的方案及实施效果.由于采用了有效的清洗药剂和科学的清洗方案,使得清洗效果良好,经济效益显著.     

Optimized cleaning of conveyor belts using plasma-processed water assisted by optical detection of food residues

As food of animal and plant origin is prone to microbial spoilage, its production must be monitored and conducted safely to avoid consumer hazards. At the same time, environmental and sustainability aspects are becoming increasingly important. In this study, washing of food conveyor belts at ambient temperature was performed with plasma-processed water (PPW) and an optical detector to monitor the cleaning success. The microbial plate counts could be reduced with pressurized water, foam and PPW by >3 log₁₀ CFU/cm², similar to the standard industrial washing with amine-based disinfectant (Neoseptal®, Dr. Weigert, Germany). However, PPW degrades to naturally occurring substances, and the inactivation time was reduced from 15 to 1 min. The optical detector could mostly distinguish between uncleaned and cleaned belts. The fast, precise and easy applicable measurement could be integrated into the production line for automated monitoring, which could result in cleaning cycles based on demand.Industrial relevanceAn on-demand cleaning process with less need for chemicals would save time and money plus protect the environment. Plasma-processed water is as effective as a chemical disinfectant combined with a reduced decontamination time (from 15 to 1 min) and free of complex chemical compounds. The optical detector can be used inline, fast and easy for automated hygiene monitoring in the food production.     

压力式超滤技术在给水处理中的应用研究

利用常规混凝沉淀＋压力式超滤工艺处理西江原水,考察了压力式超滤系统出水水质,研究了试验期间压力式超滤工艺的跨膜压力（TMP）变化,以及超滤膜的化学清洗。试验结果表明：压力式超滤工艺的出水安全可靠,CODMn氨氮、浊度,均达到了《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB5749—2006）和《饮用净水水质标准》（CJ94～2005）的要求;系统在试验条件下运行,TMP增长缓慢;用HCl和NaClO进行化学清洗,可有效控制膜污染。     

Cleaning effectiveness of chlorine-free detergents for use on dairy farms

A method for evaluating cleaning effect based on Bacillus cereus spores was developed and tested in a model system designed to resemble actual farm conditions. A test rig with four removable sampling plates was mounted in a milk line. The plates were attached at the end of T-junctions protruding either 1·5 or 3-times the milk pipe diameter from the main loop to reflect different levels of cleaning difficulty. In each cleaning test, B. cereus spores were applied to the four sampling plates to simulate soil. A series of cleaning tests was conducted at 35, 45, 55 and 65°C with six commercial chlorine-free, alkaline detergents; three liquid and three powder-based products. A commercial alkaline detergent with chlorine, a sodium hydroxide solution, a sodium hydroxider/hypochlorite solution and pure water were also tested. Triplicate tests were performed with each cleaning solution, giving a total of 120 cleaning tests. The cleaning effect was evaluated by comparing the number of spores before and after cleaning. At all temperatures, the two chlorine-based cleaning solutions gave significantly greater reductions in B. cereus spores than the chlorine-free products. All six commercial chlorine-free, alkaline detergents generally gave similar cleaning effects, with no differences in the performance of powder-based and liquid forms. The mechanical spore reduction effect with water alone was greater (1·5-1·8 log-units) than the additional chemical effect of sodium hydroxide or chlorine-free detergents (0·5-1·2 log-units). The chlorine-based solutions had a considerably more powerful chemical effect (2-4 log-units depending on temperature). In general, an increase in cleaning solution temperature up to 55°C gave a greater reduction in spores. A further increase to 65°C did not improve cleaning effectiveness.     

Response surface modelling for cleaning and disinfecting materials used in milking systems with electrolysed oxidizing water

Electrolysed oxidizing (EO) water is produced by passing a DC current through a weak sodium chloride solution, resulting in alkaline and acidic EO water. The goal of this research was to determine whether EO water could be used as an acceptable cleaning and disinfecting agent for materials used in pipeline milking systems. Small pieces of materials commonly used in milking systems were soiled using raw milk inoculated with a cocktail of four bacterial cultures similar to those commonly found in raw milk, and then cleaned by soaking in alkaline EO water followed by soaking in acidic EO water at various treatment times and temperatures. Effective treatment time and temperature combinations were determined by response surface design for a temperature range of 25–60°C and a time range of 5–20 min. Treated materials were evaluated by aerobic plate counts and ATP bioluminescence to assess the disinfecting and cleaning effectiveness of EO water. Most of the treatments at 60°C and several treatments at lower temperatures successfully removed all detectable bacteria and ATP. Overall, the results of this study indicated that EO water has the potential to be used as a cleaning and disinfecting agent for materials used in milking systems.