超棉纶─丙纶细旦短纤维研制

聚丙烯虽在土工布、卫生用材料领域得到很大发展，但由于其吸湿透气性问题，在服用材料方面受到很大的限制。本研究通过在普通切片中混入具有润滑熔体作用的PEB纺得0．85dtex左右的细旦PP短纤维，具有很好的手感、视感和芯吸效应．     

超棉纶─丙纶细旦短纤维研制

聚丙烯虽在土工布、卫生用材料领域得到很大发展，但由于其吸湿透气性问题，在服用材料方面受到很大的限制。本研究通过在普通切片中混入具有润滑熔体作用的PEB纺得0．85dtex左右的细旦PP短纤维，具有很好的手感、视感和芯吸效应．     

Shrinkage of short PP and PAN fibers under hot-stage microscope

Marked shrinkage behavior when heated is typical of semicrystalline polymer fibers such as polypropylene (PP) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Shrinkage of PP and PAN fibers may give the possibility to control the spalling tendency of fiber concrete under the heat exposure of fire. Cut staple fibers are normally delivered for concrete reinforcement. Modern methods for continuous fibers cannot be used by the end-user for shrinkage determination of commerical staple fiber grades. The shrinkage of five different commercial staple fibers specially designed for concrete reinforcement was studied under a hot-stage microscope. Significant differences in cumulative shrinkages of the various PP and PAN fibers were detected, shrinkages being 3–15% with PP fibers and 6–7% with PAN fibers at a temperature of 150–170°C. At about 160–165°C, PP fibers melt, whereas PAN fibers continue shrinking. Hot-stage microscopy provides a simple and a relatively accurate method for estimating thermal shrinkage of staple PP and PAN fibers, the deviations from measured average values remaining typically at 10–15%. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

细旦丙纶三叶异形复丝的研制

本文研究了纺丝温度和泵供量等因素对细旦丙纶三叶异形复丝的异形度以及纤维结构性能的影响。研究表明,在一定的纺速下,复丝的异形度随纺丝温度的提高和泵供量的下降而减少;在一定的纺丝温度和冷却条件下,纤维的结晶度随泵供量的增大而提高,取向度则下降;在一定纺速和泵供量下,结晶度随纺丝的温度的升高而提高,取向度则下降。自行设计的三叶异形的孔形结构参数和适宜的纺丝工艺条件能制得异形度大于50％的细旦丙纶异形丝。     

细旦丙纶短纤维大型多孔喷丝组件的工艺设计

讨论了细旦丙纶短程纺短纤维生产线的纺丝组件的工艺设计中的主要参数及它们之间的相互关系。提出了该设备的主要技术参数控制范围、合理规模与性能的建议。     

涤纶短纤维差别化产品的开发和市场前景

叙述了在合成纤维短纤维试验装置上 ,使用直接纺丝、间接纺丝、复合纺丝等技术 ,开发和研制的涤纶差别化纤维产品——细旦缝纫线用短纤维 ,复合纺丝芳香纤维、涤纶超短纤维、高收缩纤维、“奇异”纤维、增白纤维、中空纤维。同时 ,也对涤纶短纤维差别化产品的市场前景进行探讨 ,认为有显性市场和潜在市场可以开拓     

Effect of the Air‐Jet and the False‐Twist texturing processes on the stress‐relaxation of polyamide 6.6 yarns

Polyamide 6.6 multifilament yarns were converted to crimped fibers by texturing to simulate the properties of natural staple fiber yarns for textile applications. Texturing is carried out by mechanical stresses (turbulences or twisting) under thermal or hydrothermal conditions which affect the fine structure of the fiber. Two polyamide yarns with the same linear density but composed of filaments of different fineness were textured by the False‐Twist (thermal) and the Air‐Jet (hydrothermal) procedures. The influence of texturing and filament fineness on the relaxation behavior of the yarns was studied. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

细旦棉型中空涤纶短纤维的开发和应用

在常规涤纶短纤维生产线上,采用专用中空喷丝板,生产细旦中空涤纶短纤维,探讨了其生产工艺。结果表明:纺丝温度高,纤维中空度减少,但温度过低,难以形成中空;随着环吹风速度的增加,风温降低,纤维中空度增高;拉伸温度对纤维中空度影响小。选择纺丝温度288～291℃,环吹风速度0.8～1.3m/s,环吹风温度17～23℃,拉伸温度85～90℃,生产的0.89 dtex×38 mm,1.33 dtex×38 mm,1.56 dtex×38mm中空涤纶纤维中空度均达19%～20%,产品质量达到了同类进口产品的使用性能。     

改造VD405开发远红外丙纶短纤维

介绍了对VD405涤纶短纤维生产设备的机械和电气部分进行改造,使其适用于远红外丙纶短纤维生产的经验,指出利用改造后的VD405及LVD801设备生产功能化、差别化纤维是中小型短纤维厂的一条可行之路.     

Effect of processing conditions on crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) staple fibers

Within this study, the applicability of Raman spectroscopy to characterize the crystallinity of PLA staple fibers was evaluated. The influence of the fiber alignment on the possibility to detect crystallinity by using Raman spectroscopy was studied. PLA staple fibers were produced by melt spinning by varying both draw temperature and draw ratio. Systematic interrelationships between the processing parameters of PLA staple fibers and the degrees of crystallinity and the cold crystallization enthalpies were established. Raman spectroscopy showed that the carbonyl stretching band of Raman spectra measured in fiber axis and parallelly polarized was not sensitive to detect crystallinity. However, for perpendicularly polarized measurements, a higher sensitivity was observed. With increasing degree of crystallinity, a reduction of the band width of the normalized carbonyl stretching band was found. The morphology affected the mechanical properties significantly. Increased draw ratio resulted in increased tensile strength and decreased elongation at break. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42432.     

17孔中空粗旦PET短纤维的开发

通过对多中空喷丝板的设计和纺丝工艺的探讨,开发出17孔中空粗旦PET短纤维。结果表明:采用C形孔形的多中空喷丝板,微孔各单元问隙为(0.2+0.01)mm,纺丝温度280℃,环吹风温度24℃,速度5 m/s时,生产的单丝线密度为15 dtex的17孔中空粗旦PET短纤维容易成形,中空率为22%。     

三维卷曲丙纶短纤

阐述了ESL公司(现为AC公司)生产永久性卷曲丙纶短纤的原理、工艺及纤维的性能和用途,并与其它卷曲短纤作了比较,预测了ESL公司自卷曲技术的可行性,给有关厂家提出了建议。     

我国涤纶新产品的开发与应用

概述了我国差别化涤纶的新品种,重点介绍了细旦、超细旦、三异共纺、异形、高收缩、功能性及产业用涤纶的开发与应用。     

Effect of Blend Ratio and Draw Ratio on the Mechanical Properties of PET/PP Blended Conjugate Fibers

This study analyzes the influence of blend ratio and draw ratio on the fiber properties of blend fibers composed of poly (ethylene terephthalate), or PET, and polypropylene, or PP, (hereafter referred to as PET/PP conjugate fibers). For a comparison, PET and poly (butylene terephthalate), or PBT blends, (hereafter referred to as PET/PBT conjugate fibers) are also investigated. Various blend ratios of fibers are melt spun and drawn in a multistep drawing method. The conjugate fibers are evaluated using tenacity, Young's modulus, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests. The results show that multistep drawing using a lower first-step draw ratio provides a higher tenacity and Young's modulus. Furthermore, when the blend ratio is 75/25 in a PET/PP conjugate fiber and 50/50 in a PET/PBT conjugate fiber, the polymer components undergo a phase inversion phenomenon. A PP sub-micron (10^?1 ～ 10⁰ micron) fiber of about 0.0001 ～ 0.00017 tex in fineness, or about 0.4 ～ 0.5 micron in diameter, can be obtained when PET/PP conjugate fiber is treated with a 25% NaOH aqueous solution by weight. However, A PBT sub-micron fiber cannot be achieved using a PET/PBT conjugate fiber.     

捷克开发烟滤嘴用PP纤维束的生产新工艺及新设备

本文简介了捷克化纤发展情况,重点介绍了对烟滤嘴用PP纤维束的要求、过滤机理及生产新工艺。即烟滤嘴用并列型、皮芯型及海岛型等双组分的基本结构的细旦PP纤维束的制造工艺参数、对油剂的要求、成品质量的要求及其与醋酯纤维束过滤性能对比。为满足国内卷烟工业的需要,而提出我国也应发展烟滤嘴用PP纤维束。     

国内锦纶新产品开发应用

介绍了国内粗旦和细旦锦纶长丝，高强及异形截面锦纶长丝，锦纶６与锦纶６６共混短纤维，ＰＥＴ／ＰＡ６复合纤维，粗旦短纤维、帘子线、ＢＣＦ及单丝等新产品的开发情况，指出锦纶生产必须向差别化、多功能、高附加值方向发展。     

Melt‐spinning process of a tetrafluoroethylene– hexafluoropropylene copolymer

An industrial melt‐spinning process of tetrafluoroethylene– hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP) using an extruder was studied. The novel “spinneret,” having both a large‐diameter spinning nozzle and a high‐temperature vessel, was used to solve the problem of filament breakage on the spinning line caused by high melting viscosity of FEP. The extruder, with its long feed zone, was newly designed to function with a geared pump. The strength of fibers increased with drawing of as‐spun fiber. FEP fibers up to six denier were continuously produced through long‐run production. According to this new process, FEP fibers can be supplied for textile or industrial application. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2366–2371, 2002     

亲水性聚酯短纤维对气态水的吸湿与放湿性能研究

测试比较了聚酯短纤维、亲水性聚酯短纤维、脱脂棉纤维在不同温度下对气态水的吸湿与放湿性能,分析了纤维中亲水基团对吸湿速率的影响,以及烘干温度对纤维回潮率的影响。结果表明:在105℃条件下,亲水性聚酯短纤维中的水分不能完全脱除;随着烘干温度从105℃上升至125℃,亲水性聚酯短纤维以及脱脂棉纤维继续脱除水分,且水分释放变化率更明显;随着烘干温度从105℃升至125℃,聚酯短纤维的回潮率没有变化,保持在0.40%,而亲水性聚酯短纤维的回潮率从1.33%提高至1.43%;亲水性聚酯短纤维对气态水的吸湿与放湿性能明显强于聚酯短纤维。     

Geometrical and Optical Properties of Irregular Fibers as a Function of Draw Ratio

The Pluta polarizing interference microscope with a fiber rotator-mechanical device was used to detect the variation in the cross-sectional area, shapes and optical properties of irregular fibers during the cold drawing process. The rotation method was used to overcome the difficulty of measuring the transverse cross-sectional area of fibers with irregular shapes during their drawing process. Acrylic fibers of two denier were used during this investigation. Some optical parameters were measured, such as refractive indices and birefringence. The measurements of the refractive indices show that acrylic fibers have a negative birefringence. The polarizability-per-unit volume was used to clarify the negative birefringence of these fibers. Microinterferograms and the digitized images with their contour lines are given for illustration.     

抗菌中空细旦涤纶短纤维的性能分析

对抗菌中空细旦涤纶短纤维的形态结构和性能进行了分析,与普通涤纶、毛纤维、粘胶纤维(棉型)、大豆纤维、竹纤维、牛奶纤维进行了比较。结果表明:抗菌中空细旦涤纶短纤维与其他纤维比较,动摩擦系数和静摩擦系数较低,分别为0.278,0.167,钩结强度高为82.9%,初始模量大为98.5～125.9 cN/dtex,结节强度高为88.5%,干、湿态断裂强力大,分别为3.57,3.49cN/dtex,卷曲性能较好,卷曲数为5.72～6.49个/cm,具有一定的导电导湿和透气性能。