The Solar Beacon,an Experiment in Solar Astrometry

Observations of the solar diameter and shape are of considerable interest for astrophysicists dealing with the interior structure, rotation, pulsations and evolution of stars. Also there has been considerable interest in longterm variations in the solar output and diameter as it relates to climatic variations. The paper describes an experiment which holds promise for accomplishing these observations with very high precision over a long period of time. With it, it might even be possible to detect the gradual evolutionary change of the Sun within decades. More rapid changes related, for example, to climatic variations on Earth would be detectable in a short time. The experiment has a component both in space and on Earth. The space component consists of a flat reflector 1–2 m in diameter in geostationary orbit. It acts as a reflecting pin-hole telescope forming an image of the Sun on the Earth 350 km in diameter. The earth component consists of the machinery needed to measure this image. This paper elaborates on these concepts and defines problem areas which need further studies.     

Solar Energy Materials

Solar energy materials have properties tailored to meet requirements set by the spectral distribution, angle of incidence, and intensity of the electromagnetic radiation prevailing in our natural surroundings. Specifically, the optimization can be performed with regard to solar irradiation, thermal emission, atmospheric absorption, visible light, and photosynthetic efficiency. Materials for thermal and electrical conversion of solar energy in man‐made collectors, as well as for energy‐efficient passive design in architecture, are typical examples. This paper reviews solar energy materials with emphasis on the thermal applications of a variety of types. Electrical applications are given a more cursory exposition, the reason being that a systems perspective—rather that a materials perspective—is most fruitful in this case.     

Solar pond technology

Solar pond technology has made substantial progress in the last fifteen years. This paper reviews the basic principles of solar ponds and the problems encountered in their operation and maintenance. The factors which influence the technical and economic viability of solar ponds for thermal applications and power generation have been discussed.     

Solar compass chip

A solar compass chip (SCC) is a photosensitive chip with MEMS-based optics (pinhole aperture array) integrated on the chip itself. The MEMS-based optics enables the chip to image the sun. Image processing of the sun image is performed externally to the SCC (typically a processor connected to the SCC). The sun is observed for a period of time, say half an hour, and the angles to the sun are calculated. During that period of time, the sun will slew across the sky due to the sidereal rate. A circle on the surface of a sphere can be fitted to the arc on the sky that the sun traverses. The center of this circle is the rotation axis of the Earth. Besides performing the function of a compass, the SCC can be combined with a clock to establish a three-axis inertial-based coordinate system, or if the vertical is known, to determine the geographic position. A number of commercial applications in the automotive, agricultural, and maritime areas are identified.     

新颖的第三代太阳能电池

为了开发清洁新能源,太阳能电池成为人们研究的热点.简要介绍了第三代太阳电池的发展现状,阐述了叠层电池、中间带太阳电池、热载流子太阳电池等第三代太阳能电池的设计原理,分析了各种新概念太阳能电池在发展中存在的问题和未来发展的方向.     

薄膜太阳能电池

薄膜太阳能电池作为一种新的能源材料正在得到迅速的发展和进步,主要介绍了非晶硅、多晶硅薄膜太阳能电池以及CIGS薄膜太阳能电池,通过比较这几种薄膜太阳能电池各自的特点阐述了各种薄膜太阳能电池的发展状况.     

Solar altitude frequency tables

A table is presented that gives the total number of hours in the year during which the sun's altitude exceeds a given value h, for h = 0-88 degrees in 2 degree increments and for latitudes from the Equator to the North Pole in 2 degree increments. The table also gives corrections to these figures for the effect of atmospheric refraction and the total hours of daylight at each latitude     

MXenes for Solar Cells

Application of two-dimensional MXene materials in photovoltaics has attracted increasing attention since the first report in 2018 due to their metallic electrical conductivity,high carrier mobility,excellent transparency,tunable work function and superior mechanical property.In this review,all developments and applications of the Ti3C2Tx MXene(here,it is noteworthy that there are still no reports on other MXenes’application in photovoltaics by far)as additive,electrode and hole/electron transport layer in solar cells are detailedly summarized,and meanwhile,the problems existing in the related studies are also discussed.In view of these problems,some suggestions are given for pushing exploration of the MXenes’application in solar cells.It is believed that this review can provide a comprehensive and deep understanding into the research status and,moreover,helps widen a new situation for the study of MXenes in photovoltaics.     

太阳能光伏应用产品的功能探析

目的研究太阳能光伏应用产品在功能上的作用和对人们生活的影响。方法以生态设计为导向,分析了太阳能在产品设计应用中的多效性,结合了现有的太阳能光伏应用产品设计的实例,对其基本功能进行归纳,并引申出它的拓展功能予以分析。结论得出了太阳能光伏应用产品设计的可持续发展必将会融入到人们日常生活的方方面面,其功能价值也将日益凸显。     

稳态型太阳模拟器关键参数对光伏电池短路电流测试结果的影响分析

介绍了太阳模拟器性能等级分类标准,研究了稳态型太阳模拟器的光谱匹配度、辐照不均匀度和辐照不稳定度3个关键参数对光伏电池短路电流测试结果的影响。实验表明,对太阳模拟器进行光谱失配修正能够降低短路电流测试值与校准值的偏差;调整被测电池有效测试平面内的平均辐照度达到标准值要求,能够有效降低辐照不均匀度的影响;对模拟器的辐照不稳定度进行控制,能够降低短路电流重复性测试误差。     

Anomalies in Photovoltaic Characteristics of Multijunction Solar Cells at Ultrahigh Solar Light Concentrations

Technical Physics Letters - An anomaly appearing in the photovoltaic characteristics of triple-junction GaInP/GaAs/Ge and of the corresponding double-junction GaInP/GaAs solar cells at...