柚皮粉对水中Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附性能研究

用柚皮粉进行了吸附去除水中Pb(Ⅱ)的模拟实验研究.考察了pH、吸附时间、柚皮粉质量浓度和Pb(Ⅱ)初始质量浓度等因素对吸附效果的影响,探究了其吸附动力学及吸附规律.结果表明,pH、吸附时间、柚皮粉质量浓度和Pb(Ⅱ)初始质量浓度、温度等因素对柚皮粉吸附水中Pb(Ⅱ)有显著影响.适宜的吸附条件为:pH 5.3 ～6.0...     

腐植酸型水凝胶p(HA/AA/IPA)的合成及对镍离子的吸附作用研究

以天然有机高分子腐植酸为主要原料,与丙烯酸、N-异丙基丙烯酰胺通过反相悬浮聚合制备一种新型腐植酸型水凝胶p(HA/AA/IPA),利用静态法对水溶液中的Ni2+离子进行吸附性能研究。考察了溶液的pH值、吸附时间、水凝胶的投加量及Ni2+初始浓度对吸附效果的影响。试验结果表明,吸附达到平衡时的吸附时间是6 h,pH值适宜范围是4.5~7.5,最佳吸附温度是32℃,Ni2+的初始浓度小于70 mg/L,水凝胶的投加量为0.5 g/L,此时Ni2+的吸附量达到49.8 mg/g,吸附性能优越,证明水凝胶p(HA/AA/IPA)可以作为去除水中Ni2+的良好吸附剂。     

不同热解温度生物炭对溶液中镉的吸附性能研究

以玉米秸秆、枫杨树枝、花生壳为生物质材料,分别在450、550、650℃下,对3种生物质材料进行厌氧热解制备了9种生物炭,对溶液中的Cd2+进行吸附试验,研究了pH、生物炭投加量、吸附时间和Cd2+初始质量浓度对Cd2+吸附效果的影响。结果表明,吸附过程与Langmuir、Freundlich和准一级动力学方程拟合的相关性较好。pH对吸附的影响较大,吸附率与生物炭的投加量呈正比,650℃制备的3种生物炭的吸附能力更强,花生壳生物炭对溶液中的Cd2+具有更好的吸附能力。     

纳米钛酸钙对钯(II)的吸附性能研究

研究了纳米钛酸钙对水中钯的吸附性能,考察了介质的 pH 值、吸附时间和钯的初始浓度等条件对吸附的影响,探讨了钯的解吸回收及吸附剂的再生条件,并用于废水中钯的吸附富集回收.结果表明,当吸附介质 pH 值为5~8时,振荡吸附5 min 吸附达到平衡,吸附量随钯的初始浓度的增大而增加,实验条件下,饱和吸附量可达49.78 mg/g.被吸附的钯可用5 mL 1 mol/L 硝酸完全洗脱回收.对钯的富集因子超过100.将该方法应用于水中钯的吸附富集和回收,结果满意.     

Removal of As(V) from aqueous solutions by waste crab shells

Waste crab shell, which has some functional groups like -NHCO or NO₂ groups, was used as an adsorbent to remove arsenate ions (As (V)). The functional groups in crab shells were confirmed by FT-IR analysis. Waste crab shell had a high uptake capacity of 35.92 mg/g-dry mass for arsenate ion at pH 4, and the regression curve using the Langmuir isotherm equation fit well with the experimental data. The effects of pH, loading of crab shells, and time on uptake capacity of arsenate ions were also investigated. The adsorption capacity of arsenate ions was increased as the pH value was increased because the amount of negative arsenic species increased as the pH value was increased. Waste crab shells could remove arsenate ions of about 45% with 0.5 g of loading amount, and adsorption of arsenate ions was almost completed in 30 min when initial concentration of arsenate ions was 100 and 9.3 mg/L, respectively. Considering recycling of crab shell, it could be an economical and promising adsorbent.     

Effects of chitosan addition to DMEU‐processed cotton fabrics for adsorbing metallic ions in waste water

This study examines the effects of adding chitosan to the curing treatment of cotton fabrics, using dimethylolethyleneurea as a crosslinking reagent; in particular, how the adsorption of the processed cotton fabrics for metallic ions is influenced. Different concentrations of added chitosan, different curing temperatures and time, as well as different adsorption times and temperatures were examined. The cotton fabrics studied were compared with other adsorptive materials, and also, were examined by Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis (FTIR), Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM), and Thermal Gravity Analysis (TGA) to study the crosslinkage reaction. The experimental results were as follows: the adsorption of copper and zinc ions increases as chitosan concentration increases, with the best adsorption when chitosan concentration is 0.5%; the adsorption of copper and zinc ions increases as the curing temperature rises, with the best adsorption at 140°C; the adsorption increases with longer curing time, with the best adsorption at 6 min after the processing begins. For adsorption of zinc ions, the cotton fabrics containing chitosan have better adsorption than pure chitosan, but worse adsorption than activated carbon. For the adsorption of copper ions, chitosan is the best, processed cotton fabrics are the second, and activated carbon is the poorest. The adsorption of these two kinds of ions increases with the longer time and higher temperature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 4440–4445, 2006     

三聚磷酸铝对水中氨氮的吸附动力学

为研究三聚磷酸铝对铵离子（NH4+）的吸附动力学,通过单因素实验、正交实验研究了铵离子初始质量浓度、溶液pH、三聚磷酸铝用量、吸附温度和吸附时间5个因素对溶液中铵离子去除率的影响。各因素由大到小的影响顺序：三聚磷酸铝用量、吸附温度、铵离子初始质量浓度、吸附时间、溶液pH。最佳吸附条件：铵离子初始质量浓度为50 mg/L,溶液pH为4,吸附剂用量为1.5 g,吸附温度为313 K,吸附时间为70 min。在298 K时,三聚磷酸铝对铵离子的吸附符合三级反应动力学特征,其吸附机理是三聚磷酸铝中的质子氢与其表面吸附的铵离子发生了离子交换。     

茶叶质铁的吸附性能及动力学研究

研究了改性茶叶对Fe3+的吸附性能及吸附动力学。探讨了溶液的初始浓度、pH值、时间和温度对吸附性能的影响,并采用Langmuir等温吸附方程和准二级动力学吸附速率方程探讨了等温吸附过程和吸附动力学过程。结果表明:改性茶叶对Fe3+吸附时,溶液最佳pH为0.8~0.9之间,Fe3+初始浓度大于1.40 mol/L,吸附温度范围为50~60℃,吸附60 min基本达到饱和;改性茶叶吸附Fe3+的吸附规律符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,在不同初始浓度下,改性茶叶吸附Fe3+的吸附过程符合准二级动力学吸附速率方程,活化能为Ea=12.73 kJ/mol,该吸附行为是一个吸热过程。     

Adsorption of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Ag(I) in aqueous solution on hollow chitosan microspheres

Cross‐linked chitosans synthesized by the inverse emulsion cross‐link method were used to investigate adsorption of three metal ions [Cd(II), Pb(II), and Ag(I)] in an aqueous solution. The chitosan microsphere, was characterized by FTIR and SEM, and adsorption of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Ag(I) ions onto a cross‐linked chitosan was examined through analysis of pH, agitation time, temperature, and initial concentration of the metal. The order of adsorption capacity for the three metal ions was Cd²⁺ > Pb²⁺ > Ag⁺. This method showed that adsorption of the three metal ions in an aqueous solution followed the monolayer coverage of the adsorbents through physical adsorption phenomena and coordination because the amino (? NH₂) and/or hydroxy (? OH) groups on chitosan chains serve as coordination sites. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

水中Ni~(2+)在粒状沸石/活性炭复合材料上的吸附研究

采用廉价的煤矸石为主要原料,添加一定量的沥青粉制备了沸石NaA/活性炭粒状复合材料,并以此作为吸附剂,研究了水溶液中Ni~(2+)在该复合材料中的吸附行为,考察溶液的初始浓度、吸附时间和pH对吸附的影响.结果表明溶液较高的pH值有利于Ni~(2+)在吸附剂上的吸附;随Ni~(2+)初始浓度的增大复合材料的吸附量增大,而Ni~(2+)的去除率随之减小;Ni~(2+)在复合材料上的吸附接近Langmuir-Freundlich等温吸附模型,反映了吸附表面的多相性及两类吸附中心在复合材料上的共存性;吸附速率遵循准二级吸附动力学模型.     

Investigation on selective adsorption of Hg(II) ions using 4‐vinyl pyridine grafted poly(ethylene terephthalate) fiber

In the work, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers were grafted with 4‐vinyl pyridine (4‐VP) monomer using benzoyl peroxide (Bz₂O₂) as initiator in aqueous media. The removal of Hg(II) ions from aqueous solution by the reactive fiber was examined by batch equilibration technique. Effects of various parameters such as pH, graft yield, adsorption time, initial ion concentration, and adsorption temperature on the adsorption amount of metal ions onto reactive fibers were investigated. The optimum pH of Hg(II) was found 3. The maximum adsorption capacity was found as 137.18 mg g^?1. Moreover such parameters as the adsorption kinetics, the adsorption isotherm, desorption time and the selectivity of the reactive fiber were studied. The adsorption kinetics is in better agreement with pseudo‐first order kinetics, and the adsorption data are good fit with Freundlich isotherms. The grafted fiber is more selective for Hg(II) ions in the mixed solution of Hg(II)‐Ni(II), Hg(II)‐Zn(II), and Hg(II)‐Ni(II)‐Zn(II) at pH 3. Adsorbed Hg(II) ions were easily desorbed by treating with 1M HNO₃ at room temperature. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Rubidium and Cesium Ion Adsorption by a Potassium Titanium Silicate-Calcium Alginate Composite Adsorbent

In this work, a composite spherical adsorbent, which employs potassium titanium silicate as an adsorption active component, and calcium alginate as a carrier, was successfully prepared. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize the adsorbent. The kinetics and thermodynamics of rubidium and cesium ions adsorption were investigated comprehensively, by considering the effects of initial concentration, temperature, solution pH, and coexisting NaCl. According to the determination coefficients, the pseudo second-order kinetic model provided an impressive and comparable correlation, and the second-order rate constant and the initial adsorption rate increase with increasing temperature. In general, the equilibrium adsorption amount increases with the increasing initial metal ion concentration, but decreases with increasing coexisting NaCl. The adsorption capacity keeps constant in the pH value range 3-12 and slightly fades when the temperature increases from 25 to 55°C. Under similar conditions, rubidium and cesium show the similar adsorption amount. The adsorbent has a fast adsorption rate and an adsorption capacity of about 1.55 mmol g^?1 for rubidium and 1.47 mmol g^?1 for cesium when the initial metal ion concentration is 0.10 mol L^?1. The composite adsorbent is effective for the adsorption of rubidium or cesium ions from simulated brines.     

镧改性核桃壳生物炭制备及吸附水体磷酸盐性能

为研发低成本的磷酸盐吸附剂,以核桃壳为原料,LaCl₃为改性试剂热解制备核桃壳生物炭。通过SEM-EDS、ICP-OES、FTIR和XRD对生物炭进行表征,采用吸附等温模型和动力学模型拟合生物炭的吸磷特征,并研究热解温度、La改性浓度、添加量、初始溶液pH和共存离子对生物炭吸附磷的影响。结果表明：La改性后,生物炭表面由于负载了La₂O₃和LaOCl,其吸附能力明显提高。热解温度为400℃、La浸渍浓度为0.1mol/L时获得的生物炭（BC-La400）,其Langmuir最大磷吸附容量为12.18mg/g,吸附过程主要受化学吸附和颗粒内扩散控制。热解温度和La改性浓度过高均不利于磷的吸附。磷初始浓度为50mg/L时,BC-La400添加量为2.7g/L可获得较理想的吸附能力,但当添加量超过4.0g/L时,磷脱除率可超过98%。BC-La400吸磷时最佳初始pH为3,CO{}_{\mathrm{3}}^{\mathrm{2}-}共存会明显削弱BC-La400对磷的吸附能力。     

Sorption equilibrium of Cr(VI) ions on oak wood charcoal (Carbo Ligni) and charcoal ash as low-cost adsorbents

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the potential of oak wood charcoal (WC) and oak wood charcoal ash (WCA) as a low-cost adsorbent for environmental protection applications of Cr(VI) ion. The influence of contact time, solution pH, initial metal concentration, amount of adsorbent and ionic strength on the removal of Cr(VI) ion was studied. The adsorption of Cr(VI) with (WC) and (WCA) was investigated in a batch arrangement. The Cr(VI) ions sorbed onto the adsorbents were determined by a UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. The sorption of Cr(VI) on the adsorbent surface depends strongly on the pH and Cr(VI) ion-sorption increased with a decreasing pH until pH 2 and increase in the concentration of this metal in solution phase. The adsorption of Cr(VI) was higher between pH 2.0 and 2.5 for both adsorbents. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm was used to describe observed sorption phenomena. The maximum adsorption capacity of 30.10 mg of Cr(VI)/g for (WC) and 46.17 mg of Cr(VI)/g for (WCA) was obtained at pH of 2 and 2.5 respectively.     

Effect of chitosan addition to BTCA/CA processed cotton fabrics for adsorbing metallic ions from waste water

One of the most important properties of chitosan, a derivative of chitin, is that it is able to chelate with certain heavy metal ions, and this property can be applied to process waste water containing heavy metal ions. In this research, using BTCA/CA as a crosslinking reagent with chitosan added, cotton fabrics were cured and allowed to undergo an adsorption reaction in CuSO₄ and ZnSO₄ solutions. The effect of different curing temperatures and time, as well as different adsorptive temperatures and time, were studied. The cotton processed fabrics were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR), scanning electronic microscope (SEM), and thermal gravity analysis (TGA) to study the crosslinking reaction with the cotton‐processed fabrics. The results indicate: (1) the BTCA/CA‐processed cotton fabrics with an addition of chitosan have a better adsorptive capacity than the processed fabrics without chitosan; (2) the crosslinked fabrics are better in adsorbing copper ions as chitosan concentration, curing temperature and time, and adsorptive temperature and time increase; (3) the adsorption rate of copper and zinc ions are linearly proportional to the changes of time, so that the slope shows that the adsorption rate of crosslinked fabrics for copper ions is faster than for zinc ions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 3264–3269, 2006     

Preparation of 1,2,3-Triazole-Containing Resins for Adsorption of Palladium Ions

1,2,3-Triazole-group-containing resins for palladium ion adsorption in HCl media were prepared. The monomer, synthesized from acryloyl chloride and 3-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl) propanol, and a crosslinker, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, was polymerized in dimethyl sulfoxide via radical polymerization. The specific surface area decreased with increasing monomer:crosslinker molar ratio. In acidic media, the adsorption of palladium ions was greater than those of platinum and ruthenium ions, because stable complexes were formed between palladium ions and triazole groups. The maximum amount of palladium ions adsorbed was 0.41 mol/kg.     

Preparation of an aminated bagasse fiber and its mercury adsorption behavior

An aminated bagasse (AB) with high‐adsorption capacity for mercury ions was prepared by grafting copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto sugarcane bagasse, followed by aminating with chelating molecule diethylenetriamine. Effects of grafting conditions such as irradiation dosage, acrylonitrile concentration, and solvents on the grafting yield were investigated. The adsorption performance for mercury ions were evaluated by batch adsorption experiments and kinetic experiments. The results show that AB is effective for the removal of mercury over a wide range of pH > 5. Adsorption isotherms of mercury ions on the modified bagasse can be well described by Langmuir equation. The equilibrium adsorption amount could be as high as 917.4 mg/g, and the removal percent of mercury ions can achieve 99%. The kinetic adsorption results indicate that AB could remove 80% of mercury ions in 2 h and 24 more hours are needed to achieve adsorption equilibrium. Regeneration experiments show that the adsorption capacity of recycled AB still can reach the level of 96% after four cycles. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

黄原胶-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物对Cr~(3+)的吸附性能

研究了黄原胶-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物(XG-g-AM)对Cr3+的静态吸附行为,考察了pH(1.0~8.0)、吸附温度(298~318 K)、吸附时间(0~12 h)和Cr3+初始浓度(0.01~0.20 mol/L)等因素对XG-g-AM吸附Cr3+性能的影响。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对吸附产物进行了结构表征,探讨了吸附机理。在pH=6.0,Cr3+初始浓度为0.20 mol/L,常温吸附12 h的条件下,XG-g-AM对Cr3+的吸附量达205.40 mg/g。XG-g-AM对Cr3+吸附行为符合Freundlich吸附等温方程,XG-g-AM通过静电作用、配位吸附方式吸附Cr3+,吸附Cr3+破坏了XG-g-AM的结晶结构,使其结晶度下降。Cr3+以非结晶态形式在XG-g-AM上聚集存在。     

1,3,5-Triazine-pentaethylenehexamine polymer for the adsorption of palladium (II) from chloride-containing solutions

A triazine-hexamine (TAPEHA) polymer demonstrating high acid-resistance, good affinity to noble metals, and a high density of amine and triazine functional groups has been designed and synthesized. The obtained polymer was used as an adsorbent for the recovery of palladium (II) ions from chloride-containing solutions. Effects of pH, pCl, contact time, initial Pd(II) concentration, and temperature on adsorption were investigated and optimized by batch adsorption experiments. The pseudo second-order kinetic equation provides the best correlation for the process. While five isotherms were used, the nonlinear resolution of the Langmuir isotherm equation has been found to provide the closest fit to the equilibrium data. The monolayer adsorption capacity which is highest among literature is 517.2 mg/g. All thermodynamic parameters suggest that Pd(II) adsorption onto TAPEHA particles is a spontaneous, physisorptive, and exothermic process. The formation of TAPEHA and Pd-adsorbed TAPEHA has been characterized by FE-SEM, EDAX, XRD, and FTIR instrumentations. Adsorption of the negatively charged chloropalladium (II) species mostly takes place via ligand exchange mechanism. Ease of synthesis and low cost, coupled with highly efficient and rapid removal of Pd(II) ions, make TAPEHA an attractive adsorbent.     

Removal of Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions by starch-graft-acrylic acid/montmorillonite superabsorbent nanocomposite hydrogels

In this study, the removal of copper(II) and lead(II) ions from aqueous solutions by Starch-graft-acrylic acid/montmorillonite (S-g-AA/MMT) nanocomposite hydrogels was investigated. For this purpose, various factors affecting the removal of heavy metal ions, such as treatment time with the solution, initial pH of the solution, initial metal ion concentration, and MMT content were investigated. The metal ion removal capacities of copolymers increased with increasing pH, and pH 4 was found to be the optimal pH value for maximum metal removal capacity. Adsorption data of the nanocomposite hydrogels were modeled by the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation in order to investigate heavy metal ions adsorption mechanism. The observed affinity order in competitive removal of heavy metals was found Cu²⁺ > Pb²⁺. The Freundlich equations were used to fit the equilibrium isotherms. The Freundlich adsorption law was applicable to be adsorption of metal ions onto nanocomposite hydrogel.