浅析大庆油田物资采购方式的应用

企业物资采购,是企业的最大的成本之一,选择合理的采购方式不仅可以降低企业的成本,而且给企业带来很高的经济效益.本文结合大庆油田的实际,分析了各种物资采购方式,为进一步降低企业成本奠定基础.     

论采购成本的控制

控制采购成本对一个企业的经营至关重要。本文主要从三个方面即采购制度的完善、材料成本降低及实行战略成本论述采购成本控制。     

建立物资采购新机制的探索

在买方市场条件下,各铜集团物资供应公司在规范采购业务管理的同时,逐步探索建立起适应市场形势的物资采购供应新机制,有效降低了企业采购成本。     

论企业采购成本的优化

存货采购是存货管理的第一环节.采购成本构成了企业生产成本的主体,也是企业成本控制中最富有价值的部分.降低采购成本能为企业带来杠杆效应,可直接增加销售利润,有利于增强企业在同行业中的竞争优势.因此,企业应优化采购成本的管理并作为成本控制的重点.     

战略采购在企业物资采购中的重要作用

随着经济的发展和市场竞争的激烈,企业的低成本运行越显重要。目前,大部分企业都在开展降本增效,加强采购供应管理,降低采购成本已成为企业价值链的重要环节,对提升企业核心竞争力具有十分重要的意义。战略采购在采购中发挥重要作用,对降低采购成本至关重要。     

两本管理在企业采购管理中的应用探讨

为适应市场经济的发展和买方市场的需要，进一步加强采购管理，企业应实行两本管理。一是建立各种规章制度，开展扎实有效的思想政治工作，以人为本带好队伍；二是根据不同的市场形势，做好招标采购和比价采购工作，降低成本保障供应，以期规范采购行为，降低采购成本，推动企业低成本发展战略的实施。     

浅析物资采购成本对企业效益的影响

针对物资采购成本与企业效益影响问题,提出了降低物资采购成本是对企业效益的直接贡献,指出降低物资采购成本是企业的“第三利润源泉”。结合自已的工作实践从三个方面分析总结了降低采购成本的有效性和必然性。     

创新备件采购管理 促进企业发展

设备备件采购成本(采购总值)约占企业总成本15%,降低设备备件采购成本是企业应对当前危机,提升企业竞争力的必然要求。推进设备备件采购管理创新,调动和发挥相关单位(部门)的积极性,形成合力,拓宽降低采购成本的渠道和空间,提高设备备件的性价比,就会有效促进企业平稳、较快发展。     

浅析基于ERP提升企业采购管理

ERP的实施能按流程服从的思想建立新的采购管理体系；依靠强大信息系统完善采购监控体系；借助先进理论提升企业采购管理理念，最终通过有效的采购控制，降低企业采购成本．     

浅谈大宗原材料物招标采购的管理

为了降氏采购价格,提高采购质量,铸管公司建立了大宗原材料物招标采购模式。在准备阶段采取了建立强有力的组织保障体系、提供必要的制度保证和综合的质量保证、严格程序和人员培训等措施;在招标采购过程中严格按制度办事,规范操作行为,确保招标采购良好运行,使采购成本平均降低18.8%,提高了工作效率,建立起了系统、完善、行之有效的企业管理新机制。     

Influence of Project Type and Procurement Method on Rework Costs in Building Construction Projects

While it is widely recognized that additional costs due to rework can have an adverse effect on project performance, limited empirical research has been done to investigate the influencing factors. The research presented in this paper aims to determine the influence of different project types and procurement methods on rework costs in construction projects. Using a questionnaire survey, rework costs were obtained from 161 Australian construction projects. The direct and indirect consequences of rework are analyzed and discussed. It is shown that, contrary to expectation, rework costs do not differ relative to project type or procurement method. In addition, it was found rework contributed to 52% of a project’s cost growth and that 26% of the variance in cost growth was attributable to changes due to direct rework. To reduce rework costs and therefore improve project performance, it is posited that construction organizations begin to consider and measure them, so that an understanding of their magnitude can be captured, root causes identified, and effective prevention strategies implemented.     

物资采购电子商务系统在有色行业的应用研究

介绍了有色行业物资采购电子商务系统的应用,通过先进的信息技术结合现代管理理论对企业的管理方式进行提升,降低采购成本。     

Cost Performance Comparison of Two Public Sector Project Procurement Techniques

Increased industry discussion of the potential benefits of alternative forms of construction project delivery often presents little cost analysis of options. This work presents the results of a cost comparison study of completed public sector municipal facilities design and construction projects—a portion of which delivered using a traditional design-bid-build procurement approach and a portion of which delivered using the procurement technique of a negotiated lump sum construction contracts with in-house construction forces. The study compares costs for all phases of all the projects (design, bid and award, construction, and total project cost) across both methods of project procurement. Conclusions examine the cost trade-offs of using negotiated contracts with in-house forces, outline key success factors identified through this study in order to optimize the use of this form of project procurement, and identify areas for future research.     

北兴特钢液压抓钢机的改进制作

通过对原引进的液压抓的改进制作,实现其部件的全部国产化,不但减少备件采购成本,同时也减少设备的故障率,保证生产效率。     

Unusual development of urothelioma of the upper urinary tract]

The purpose of this study was to assess the possibility of lowering costs to organ procurement organizations by purchasing a custom medical supply pack for use in the operating room. Six hospitals in the organ procurement organization's service area were selected for a cost comparison report on selected medical supply items; 37 items were selected for review. A retrospective review of the itemized hospital bills from recent organ recovery cases at each hospital was completed. A medical supply company was contacted for price quotes on selected items for the supply pack. The price quote from the medical supply company totaled $220.30. The average cost of the items selected from the six hospitals was $822.65. The average cost savings per organ recovery case was calculated at $602.35. Based on an estimated 80 organ donors per year, organ procurement organizations could save as much as $48,188 annually.     

零库存在济钢材料管理中的应用

济钢在材料采购和存储中应用零库存管理。在ERP系统中设立虚拟库存组织,通过供应商管理库存的方式,对材料分类,有针对性地实施不同的零库存管理。每月减少资金占用3000万元,降低了库存管理成本。     

物资采购科学管理的实践

文章就如何对物资采购实施科学管理进行了总结,从管理目标、管理中运用的原理、管理项的实施几个部分进行了探讨,旨在降低物资的采购成本,保证物资的采购质量,提升企业产品的市场竞争力,进一步加强物资采购的科学管理。     

强化供应商资格审查提高企业物资采购质量

在市场经济不断完善的进程中,运用公开招标方式优选设备,材料,备品备件供应商是衡量一个企业专业化程度的标尺,强化对供应商资格审查、甄别是决定能否科学地确定满足本企业物质采购需求合作伙伴的重要环节。是企业规避采购风险,降低生产成本、完成经营目标、实现经济效益的有效保障。     

Optimizing Material Procurement and Storage on Construction Sites

Efficient planning of materials procurement and storage on construction sites can lead to significant improvements in construction productivity and project profitability. Existing research studies focus on material procurement and storage layout as two separate planning tasks without considering their critical and mutual interdependencies. This paper presents the development of a new optimization model for construction logistics planning that is capable of simultaneously integrating and optimizing the critical planning decisions of material procurement and material storage on construction sites. The model utilizes genetic algorithms to minimize construction logistics costs that cover material ordering, financing, stock-out, and layout costs. The model incorporates newly developed algorithms to estimate the impact of potential material shortages on-site because of late delivery on project delays and stock-out costs. An application example is analyzed to demonstrate the capabilities of the construction logistics planning model in simultaneously optimizing material procurement decisions and storage layout plans.     

SIM-UTILITY: Model for Project Ceiling Price Determination

Before considering bids submitted by competing contractors for a public procurement project, the owner should determine a project ceiling price or cost estimate to use as a reference point for evaluating the bids. A high ceiling price conflicts with the owner’s interests in minimizing costs. Meanwhile, a low ceiling price can jeopardize the project if all bids exceed the ceiling price. This paper proposes a model for determining a reasonable project ceiling price. The model, called SIM-UTILITY, is based on a utility theory and facilitated by a cost simulation approach. The utility theory is applied to reflect the owner’s preferences regarding the determination criteria, while the simulation approach is used to generate more objective project cost data to support execution of the utility theory. The advantages of SIM-UTILITY are proven by its successful application to three construction projects in Taiwan. A computerized SIM-UTILITY is expected to be broadly applicable to public construction projects in Taiwan.