某些元素对硅钢性能的影响

介绍了硅钢中某些元素对其性能的影响，并扼要分析了某些元素对硅钢性能影响的机制。其中碳是引起硅钢发生磁时效的重要元素之一，随着硅钢中碳含量的增加，其铁损增加；而硅含量增加能显著降低硅钢铁损。磷、名、铜是主要杂质元素，但适量的磷可提高硅钢的防锈能力。锡和锑均是表面活性元素，它们可使硅钢最终退火织构中｛１１１｝面组分减少，｛１００｝和｛１１０｝面组分增加，从而降低硅钢铁损，提高其磁感应强度。     

ICP-AES法同时测定钛合金中八种元素的研究

研究了应用ICP-AES法同时测定钛合金中的铝、钼、铁、硅、铬、钒、锡争锆等八种元素。主要研究了多元素同时测定时分析谱线的选定及对干扰元素进行分析，通过对分析条件的选择，最大限度地避开了干扰元素对测定的影响；同时进行了酸度试验、回收率试验、精密度试验。试验结果表明：方法快速、准确，测定各元素含量范围为0．01％-9．0％，已应用于产品的检验。     

EDTA容量法测定炉渣中CaO、MgO时干扰元素的消除

对EDTA容最法测定炉渣中CaO、MgO时干扰元素的消除进行研究．在乙酸介质中，用铜试剂分离铁、镍、钴、铜、钨、钒、钼、铅、砷、锑、铂、铝、等干扰元素，再用三乙醇胺对分离不完全的铁、钛、铝等进行掩蔽．该方法使CaO、MgO滴定期终点明显，并有良好的精确度和满意的准确度．     

用于核燃料包复层的含铌锆合金

用于核燃料包复层的有优良的耐腐蚀性的含铌锆合金。包括如下组成：铌0．8％-1．2％(质量分数，下同)、选自铁，钼，铜，和锰的一种或多种元素，含量各是0．1％-0．3％；或铌1．3％-1．8％、锡0．2％-0．5％、一种选自铁，钼，铜，锰的元素，为0．1％-0．3％；或铌1．3％-1．8％、锡0．2％。0．5％、铁0．1％-0．3％、一种选自铬，钼，铜和锰的元素，     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定锌及锌合金中16种元素

提出了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定锌及锌合金中铝、铋、钙、镉、钴、铬、铜、铁、镁、锰、钼、镍、铅、锡、钛和钒16种元素的分析方法,对仪器各项参数进行优化,采用基体匹配办法克服基体干扰,通过选择合适的分析线和背景校正消除共存元素间干扰。方法应用于实际样品分析,测定结果与认定值或其他方法的测定值相符。     

合金元素对硅钢性能的影响

介绍和分析了Ｃ，Ｓｉ，Ｐ，Ａｌ，Ｃｕ，Ｓｎ和Ｓｂ等合金元素对硅钢性能的影响和合金元素对硅钢性能影响的机理。Ｐ，Ａｌ，Ｃｕ为钢中的主要杂质元素，但适量Ｐ可提高硅钢的防锈能力。锡和锑是表面活性元素，它们可使硅钢最终退火织构中｛１１１｝面组分减少，｛１００｝和｛１１０｝面组分增加，从而降低硅钢铁损，提高其磁感应强度。     

纯铜中铋,锑,砷,铁,镍,铅,锡,锌的光谱定量分析

本文介绍了一种光谱定量分析方法。该方法使用ＢＹＧ０１－１氧化铜光谱标准样品，对１－４号纯铜中铋、锑、砷、铁、镍、铅、锡、锌８个杂质元素进行定量分析。分析方法简单，测定结果与化学结果基本相符。方法的测定下限为３×１０￣（０６）。     

微合金元素对16Mn系列中厚板产品低温韧性的影响

通过试验，分析了微合金元素Nb、V、Ti在钢中的作用及对16Mn系列中厚钢板低温韧性的影响。钢中加入微合金元素，采用合适的控轧控冷工艺，可以显著改善其低温冲击韧性，降低钢板的冷脆转变温度．     

低钙钢渣中钙、铁分离及回收利用

针对中国钢铁行业所面临的钢渣综合利用和CO₂减排这两大迫切需求，研究了以低钙钢渣为原料、醋酸为提取剂浸出钙离子的方法。使钙、铁分离后，再利用钙浸出液碳酸化固定CO₂制备轻质碳酸钙，并磁选回收浸出渣中的铁元素。借助ICP、XRD、XRF、TG-DSC等手段，对钢渣中钙和铁元素浸出效果、浸出渣磁选效果以及沉淀CaCO₃的纯度进行表征。结果表明，在钢渣粒径为[58,74]μm、浸出时间为1 h、固液比为1∶10、酸浓度为2 mol/L、浸出温度为40℃的条件下，钙铁分离的效果最佳。浸出液改性后通入模拟烟气，每t转炉渣能固定103.72 kg CO₂,可回收240.1 kg CaCO₃,CaCO₃纯度可达到98.18%。在0.14 T的磁场强度下浸出渣的磁选效果最好，富铁矿物回收量可达每t钢渣201 kg,同时铁品位也能达到57.3%。固碳产物碳酸钙可以作为填充剂用于橡胶、塑料行业，富铁矿物可返回钢铁生产流程。研究结果可为钢渣的有效利用提供参考。     

ICP-AES法测定金属镍中杂质元素

采用ICP -AES法测定了金属镍中 10种杂质元素 ,并对样品溶解方法 ,基体及共存元素的影响等进行了研究。基体镍的影响采用扣除背景的方法加以校正 ,主要杂质钴和铁对其他元素的测定无干扰。建立的分析方法简便、快速 ,加标回收率从Mg到Al为 86%～ 10 4% ,相对标准偏差除Cd外 ,从Mn到Si为 0.96%～ 8.70 %。     

Role of NAD+ and ADP-ribosylation in the maintenance of the Golgi structure

We have investigated the role of the ADP- ribosylation induced by brefeldin A (BFA) in the mechanisms controlling the architecture of the Golgi complex. BFA causes the rapid disassembly of this organelle into a network of tubules, prevents the association of coatomer and other proteins to Golgi membranes, and stimulates the ADP-ribosylation of two cytosolic proteins of 38 and 50 kD (GAPDH and BARS-50; De Matteis, M.A., M. DiGirolamo, A. Colanzi, M. Pallas, G. Di Tullio, L.J. McDonald, J. Moss, G. Santini, S. Bannykh, D. Corda, and A. Luini. 1994. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91:1114-1118; Di Girolamo, M., M.G. Silletta, M.A. De Matteis, A. Braca, A. Colanzi, D. Pawlak, M.M. Rasenick, A. Luini, and D. Corda. 1995. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92:7065-7069). To study the role of ADP-ribosylation, this reaction was inhibited by depletion of NAD+ (the ADP-ribose donor) or by using selective pharmacological blockers in permeabilized cells. In NAD+-depleted cells and in the presence of dialized cytosol, BFA detached coat proteins from Golgi membranes with normal potency but failed to alter the organelle's structure. Readdition of NAD+ triggered Golgi disassembly by BFA. This effect of NAD+ was mimicked by the use of pre-ADP- ribosylated cytosol. The further addition of extracts enriched in native BARS-50 abolished the ability of ADP-ribosylated cytosol to support the effect of BFA. Pharmacological blockers of the BFA-dependent ADP-ribosylation (Weigert, R., A. Colanzi, A. Mironov, R. Buccione, C. Cericola, M.G. Sciulli, G. Santini, S. Flati, A. Fusella, J. Donaldson, M. DiGirolamo, D. Corda, M.A. De Matteis, and A. Luini. 1997. J. Biol. Chem. 272:14200-14207) prevented Golgi disassembly by BFA in permeabilized cells. These inhibitors became inactive in the presence of pre-ADP-ribosylated cytosol, and their activity was rescued by supplementing the cytosol with a native BARS-50-enriched fraction. These results indicate that ADP-ribosylation plays a role in the Golgi disassembling activity of BFA, and suggest that the ADP-ribosylated substrates are components of the machinery controlling the structure of the Golgi apparatus.     

废锂电池酸浸液非萃取除杂研究

主要研究了废锂电池酸浸液杂质除杂原理,采取“两段酸浸—中和除Fe、Al—絮凝除F—深度除杂”非萃取除杂工艺。在除杂过程中,由于酸浸液含高浓度Ni、Co、Mn离子,中和剂的种类和浓度将影响Ni、Co、Mn的损失率。通过工艺控制及中和剂调试,选择10%CaCO₃作为除Fe、Al、F中和剂,Fe、Al、Cu、F含量可分别从0.20、9.76、0.58、1.66 g/L降至0.01、0.02、0.01、29.86 mg/L,达到三元前驱体溶液杂质标准要求。此时,Ni、Co、Mn的损失率分别仅为0.96%、0.04%、0.01%,均在接受范围之内。     

Sites important for PLCbeta2 activation by the G protein betagamma subunit map to the sides of the beta propeller structure

The betagamma subunits of the heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) that couple heptahelical, plasma membrane-bound receptors to intracellular effector enzymes or ion channels directly regulate several types of effectors, including phospholipase Cbeta and adenylyl cyclase. The beta subunit is made up of two structurally different regions: an N-terminal alpha helix followed by a toroidal structure made up of 7 blades, each of which is a twisted beta sheet composed of four anti-parallel beta strands (Wall, M. A., Coleman, D. E., Lee, E., I?iguez-Lluhi, J. A., Posner, B. A., Gilman, A. G., and Sprang, S. R. (1995) Cell 83, 1047-1058; Lambright, D. G., Sondek, J., Bohm, A., Skiba, N. P., Hamm, H. E., and Sigler, P. B. (1996) Nature 379, 311-319). We have previously shown that sites for activation of PLCbeta2, PLCbeta3, and adenylyl cyclase II overlap on the "top" surface of the propeller, where Galpha also binds (Li, Y., Sternweis, P. M., Charnecki, S., Smith, T. F., Gilman, A. G., Neer, E. J., and Kozasa, T. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 16265-16272). The present study was undertaken to identify the regions on the side of the torus that might be important for effector interactions. We made mutations in each of the outer beta strands of the G protein beta1 propeller, as well as mutations in the loops that connect the outer strands to the adjacent beta strands. Our results suggest that activation of PLCbeta2 involves residues in the outer strands of blades 2, 6, and 7 of the propeller. We tested three of the mutations that most severely affected PLCbeta2 activity against two forms of adenylyl cyclase (ACI and ACII). Both inhibition of ACI and activation of ACII were unaffected by these mutations, suggesting that if ACI and ACII contact the outer strands, the sites of contact are different from those for PLCbeta2. We propose that distinct sets of contacts along the sides of the propeller will define the specificity of the interaction of betagamma with effectors.     

Characteristics of delayed excretion of flavonoids in human urine after administration of Shosaiko-to, a herbal medicine

There has been little explanation of herbal medicines by modern medical sciences, including pharmacokinetics, whereas physicians follow empirical indications written in classical literature. Recent reports of herb-induced adverse reactions compelled us to proceed the investigation of a herbal medicine Shosaiko-to (TJ-9) from a pharmacokinetic point of view. To five healthy volunteers, a single 5 g dose of TJ-9, consisting of 7 herbs, was administered. We conducted HPLC analysis of the timed-urine specimens to disclose the type and amount of compounds excreted. Excretion rate-time curves were analyzed individually. Four flavonoids, liquiritigenin, baicalein, wogonin and oroxylin A, were found both in the urine and TJ-9. The glycosides in TJ-9 were absorbed after microflora hydrolysis. Davidigenin, which was not found in TJ-9, was an intestinal metabolite of liquiritigenin. Also, two flavanones, S-dihydrowogonin and S-dihydrooroxylin A, were identified as the metabolites of wogonin and oroxylin A, respectively. Excretion rate-time curves of the flavonoids were divided into three types of structure-dependent absorption, i.e. (1) the fast absorption of herbal-origin aglycons, (2) the moderately-delayed absorption of aglycons derived from herbal glycosides, and (3) markedly-delayed absorption after the molecular transformation of herbal compounds. Individual excretion profiles seemed to depend on microflora activities. Two types of flavanones, S-dihydrowogonin and S-dihydrooroxylin A, were found in a half of the volunteers, suggesting there might be two kinds of volunteers, namely, rapid and poor metabolizers of flavonoids.     

Extracting metals from ammoniacal solution with low rank coals

Metals which form soluble stable ammine complex cations were extracted by lignite and brown coal by adsorption from ammoniacal solutions of the metal sulfates and carbonates. Known dry weights of the coal were contacted with the solution by agitation in closed polyethylene containers and then separated by filtration. The amount of metals adsorbed was determined from analysis of the solutions before and after contacting. It was found that metal loadings increase with increases in contact time, liquid to solid ratio and with metal concentration at short contact times, but loadings decrease with increases in coal particle size, ammonium ion concentration and with metal concentration at long contact times. Loading is affected only slightly by temperature and excess ammonia. In single contacting high loading is associated with low percentage extraction, and vice-versa, but relatively high values for both loading and extraction were obtained by counter-current contacting. The highest loadings obtained with single contacts, by using favorable combinations of conditions, were 22 pct copper, 15 pct nickel, 17 pct zinc, 31 pct cadmium, 37 pct silver and 13 pct cobalt. Comparative experiments were done with coals from Australia, United States of America, and West Germany. More development of the method is required before meaningful comparison could be made with other hydrometallurgical methods. It is speculated that possible applications could include treatment of ammoniacal solutions derived from sulfide, carbonate and oxide ores, pressure leaching of sulfides, preferential leaching of scrap metal,in situ solution mining and processing of oceanfloor nodules, arid effluent solutions which already contain ammonia. G. V. CULLEN formerly Manager, Institute of Materials Research, Department of Metallurgy, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. N. G. SIVIOUR formerly Senior Research Officer, Institute of Materials Re- search, Department of Metallurgy University of Melbourne. G. M. PEARSON formerly Experimental Officer, Institute of Materials Research, Department of Metallurgy, University of Melbourne.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定钴产品生产过程净化液中12种微量元素

钴产品生产过程CoCl₂净化液和Co(NO₃)₂净化液中含有大量钴离子,一般采用基体匹配原子吸收光谱法或萃取分离-分光光度法测定其中Cu、Fe、Ni、Cd、Zn、Mn、Ca、Mg、Na、Si、As、S等12种杂质元素。但是此类方法分析时间长、操作繁琐、费用高,而且只能进行单一元素测定。实验提出了采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定钴产品生产过程净化液中以上目标元素,在优化的仪器工作条件下,使用内标法有效地克服了基体效应及仪器波动所产生的影响。各元素校准曲线的线性相关系数均大于0.9999;方法检出限为0.00003~0.00026g/L。按照实验方法测定钴产品生产过程CoCl₂净化液和Co(NO₃)₂净化液两个体系中Cu、Fe、Ni、Cd、Zn、Mn、Ca、Mg、Na、Si、As、S,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为2.8%~8.9%,加标回收率为93%~107%。实验方法用于Co光谱分析标准样品中Cu、Fe、Ni、Cd、Zn、Mn、Mg、Si、As的测定,测定值与认定值相一致。     

Blood rheology and the Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect

The purpose of this report is to present the deconjugation of bile acids by numbers of strains of bacteria in the small intestine and feces. The small intestinal juice was aseptically aspirated by a double lumen tube with a rubber cover on the tip devised by us ("Fukushima Type 1"). Bile acids were analyzed with thin layer chromatography. The results: 1) Among aerobic bacteria, species of which all of the strains split conjugated bile acids was enterococcus, and most of the strains split were Staphylococcus (S.) epidermidis and Lactobacillus (L.) bifidus. Species of which none of the strains split were Escherichia (E.) coli, E. communior, E. freundii, L. plantarum, L. acidophilus, L. buchneri, L. cellobiosus, L. bulgaricus, S. aureus, Aerobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, candida, proteus, serratia, and almost none of the species split was Intermediate coliform bacilli. 2) Among anaerobic bacteria, species of which all of the strains split were Bacteroides (B.) vulgatus, B. thetaiotaomicron, B. uniformis, Corynebacterium (C.) granulosum, C. avidum, Peptostreptococcus (Peptostrept.) putridus, Eubacterium (Eubact.) lentum, Peptococcus (Pept.) grigoroffii, Pept. anaerobius, Veillonella (V.) orbiculus, and most of the strains split were Coryne. diphtheroides, Eubact. parvum, Peptostrept. intermedius. Species of which none of the strains split were Coryne, parvum, Peptostrept. micros, V. alcalescens, V. parvula, Catenabacterium (Catena.) catenaforme, and Catena. filamentosum. 3) All or none, or almost all or none, of the strains of each species tested split conjugated bile acids, and it seems probably that the presence or absence of this ability would be a proper character of eachspecies.     

Technologies of secondary refractory rare metals (Review)

A short review of works by A.V. Elyutin et al. in the field of rare metals is presented. Technologies of the recovery of zirconium, hafnium, tungsten, tantalum, and niobium from various types of secondary raw materials, notably, scrap metal, scrap of refractory materials, wastes and scrap of hard alloys, and obsolete scrap of capacitors, are considered. Possibilities of increasing the purity of these metals by electrolytic refining and electron-beam melting are shown.     

Search for lead structures to develop new allosteric modulators of muscarinic receptors

Various compounds are known to allosterically modulate the binding of ligands to muscarinic receptors. Most of these compounds have another predominant pharmacological action. Identification of the potent representatives should be useful for the development of allosteric modulators that are specific and highly active. For various reasons, a direct comparison of allosteric potencies on the basis of literature data is difficult. Therefore, a series of compounds was compared with regard to the allosteric delay of the dissociation of N-[3H]methylscopolamine from porcine heart M2 receptors under the following assay conditions: "Na,K,Pi buffer", 4 mM Na2HPO4, 1 mM KH2PO4, pH 7.4, 23 degrees C; "Mg,Tris,Cl,Pi buffer', 50 mM Tris-HCl, 3 mM MgHPO4,pH 7.3, 37 degrees C. Generally, the allosteric potency of the compounds was higher in the Na,K,Pi buffer, compared with the Mg,Tris,Cl,Pi buffer. However, the extent of the potency shift differed, ranging from approximately 2-fold for tacrine to approximately 100-fold for gallamine. The concentration retarding radioligand dissociation to half of the control rate (EC50) served as a measure of allosteric potency. Under both assay conditions, alcuronium was the most potent compound (EC50,Na,K,Pi = 4 nM and EC50,Mg,Tris,Cl,Pi = 55 nM), followed by alkane-bisammonium and bispyridinium compounds containing phthalimido moieties. Gallamine showed intermediate potency (EC50 values of 180 nM and 16,000 nM in Na,K,Pi buffer and Mg,Tris,Cl,Pi buffer, respectively). Obidoxime and hexamethonium, both known to antagonize allosteric actions, revealed submaximal efficacy and low potency (EC50,Na,K,Pi of approximately 100,000 nM). The relevance of these results, regarding the identification of lead structures for the development of new allosteric modulators, is discussed.     

BASETY: Extension et typicalité des exemplaires pour 21 catégories d'objets.

Basety is a French semantic database of exemplars of 21 categories of objects, with a typicality index associated with each exemplar. These 21 semantic categories are animals, trees, weapons, buildings, flowers, fruits, insects, instruments of music, games, toys, vegetables, mammals, furnitures, birds, tools, fish, occupation, containers, sports, vehicles, and clothes. Basety was made up with two groups of 18-to-30 years old French participants, a first group of three subgroups of 100 participants producing exemplars for 7 × 3 categories while a second group of 80 participants evaluating membership of these exemplars. Typicality was computed as the number of occurrences of the exemplar within the set of the five exemplars participants were first producing. Cronbach's coefficient of reliability indicates an internally consistent scale and number of exemplars is correlated with membership ratings: the more the participants of the first group produced exemplars, the more the participants of the second group agreed on the degree of membership of these exemplars. BASETY appears to be a consistant and valid database for French semantic research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)