弹壳开裂失效分析

对某型H68黄铜弹壳进行检查时发现大量弹壳存在裂纹。通过对弹壳进行宏观和微观观察、能谱分析、金相检验和残余应力测定等,分析了弹壳开裂的原因。结果表明:弹壳的开裂性质为应力腐蚀开裂,其原因是由于收口位置存在一定的残余拉应力,且该位置的晶粒尺寸较大,在外界介质的协同作用下产生了应力腐蚀裂纹。     

铝合金弹壳成形及失效分析

随着现代化战争对武器轻量化的迫切需要,高强轻质铝合金弹壳的研制已成为世界各国的重点研究方向。铝合金弹壳成形工艺一般有拉深变薄、挤压和旋压等方法,其在制备成形过程中的失效方式复杂多变,失效原因多种多样。基于自主开发的高强高韧铝合金弹壳,介绍了铝合金弹壳材料制备技术和模具冲压成形技术,综述了铝合金弹壳的成形工艺、失效方式和性能特征,分析了金属弹壳的失效原因和解决措施,展望了轻质铝合金弹壳的发展趋势。     

S20A钢弹壳断裂失效分析

在靶试过程中,某批S20A合金结构钢弹壳在靶试过程中发生横断失效,通过化学成分分析、宏观分析、硬度测试、金相检验以及扫描电镜分析等方法,对该弹壳的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:在靶试过程中,弹壳局部受热发生再结晶,使该区域硬度降低,同时受到高速剪切力从而导致弹壳在该区域断裂。     

某型号战车内部管路组件开裂原因

某型号战车服役期间内部管路组件发生开裂失效.采用宏观观察、低倍检验、化学成分分析、拉伸试验、金相检验、微观分析等方法对管路组件开裂原因进行了分析.结果表明:盖板厚度方向上未能焊透是管路组件发生开裂失效的主要原因,冷却液中氧、硫等典型腐蚀性元素的引入是管路组件发生开裂失效的次要原因.在应力和腐蚀介质的共同作用下,管路组件...     

某高压换热器热电偶管嘴开裂原因分析

对某柴油加氢装置高压换热器热电偶管嘴开裂原因进行了系统的测试与分析,包括宏观分析、成分检测、金相组织分析、断口及EDX分析等,对开裂原因进行了讨论,并针对失效原因提出了相应的建议措施。     

多层焊接不锈钢波纹管开裂失效分析

针对某电厂多层焊接不锈钢波纹管发生开裂的情况,采用宏观观察、能谱分析、金相检验、显微硬度测试等方法,分析了波纹管开裂的原因。结果表明:波纹管的失效形式为疲劳开裂,失效原因为纵焊缝余高超标,加大了该部位的塑性变形和硬化程度,降低了抗疲劳性能,柴油机运行中波纹管的振动诱发了疲劳开裂。     

合成氨废热锅炉换热管开裂分析

对某石化厂合成氨废热锅炉换热管开裂进行失效分析,结果表明:换热管材料在该使用工况条件下产生高温氢腐蚀,进而引起沿晶开裂,此为锅炉换热管开裂的失效主要原因。并相应提出了防止产生类似失效情况的预防措施。     

S136钢模具早期开裂原因分析

S136钢模具在使用过程中发生早期开裂失效,采用宏观观察、化学成分分析、扫描电镜分析、能谱分析、金相检验等方法对该模具的失效原因进行了分析。结果表明:大件模具开裂的主要原因是,由于内孔电加工脉冲电流过大,内孔边缘产生严重的淬火变质层,造成表面拉向应力开裂;同时基体组织中存在网状碳化物,降低材料强度和韧性,加大模具内孔开裂倾向及裂纹扩展进程。小件模具开裂的主要原因是,由于模具凹槽部位倒角半径过小,应力集中显著增大,在工作载荷的作用下,形成应力集中而开裂。     

变速箱悬置支架开裂失效分析

某变速箱A380铝合金悬置支架在整车生产线的螺栓安装时发生了开裂失效。通过宏观检查、化学成分分析、金相检验、断口分析、硬度和密度测试等对悬置支架开裂失效原因进行了分析;在不同工艺条件下进行了模拟,确定了造成开裂的工艺条件。结果表明:悬置支架在铸造过程中,由于脱模剂混入其内部形成大量铝的氧化物,该氧化物造成材料强度降低是引起悬置支架发生开裂的主要原因。该氧化物是在冷模状态下大量的脱模剂与快速压铸的铝液反应形成的铸造缺陷。     

缓冲蓄压器端盖开裂失效分析

通过宏观检验、化学成分分析、金相检验、断口分析以及能谱分析等方法,并结合零件实际情况综合分析的方法,对某型飞机缓冲蓄压器端盖开裂失效的原因进行了分析。结果表明:该端盖开裂属性为应力腐蚀开裂,而锻件表面微裂纹和氯元素沉积引起的腐蚀是造成端盖应力腐蚀开裂的主要原因。     

Fracture failure of a shell structure

Several shells were found fractured at the same position after long distance transportation. Chemical composition analysis, metallographic examination, stress calculation and fracture surface observation were performed. Stress calculation and fracture surface analysis results showed that the crack originated at the upper part of the shell structure and propagated to the two sides and lower part of the shell structure. The fracture cause and mode were discussed comprehensively and preventive actions were specified. It was concluded that multiple overload induced the cracking of the shell structure. The poor transportation method and a high stress concentration were responsible for the fracture of the shell structure.     

真空低压消失模壳型铸造失模工艺优化研究

针对真空低压消失模壳型铸造工艺中采用的薄壳在失模中易于开裂现象,对失模工艺进行系统研究,考察失模方式、温度对薄壳失模的影响,并结合EPS泡沫材料热失重分析和泡沫模温度场分布规律,分析薄壳开裂机制。结果表明:随炉升温失模过程中,型壳失水收缩缓慢,强度逐渐提高,型壳不易开裂;高温400℃以上直接放入失模,型壳放入不久均开裂,主要由于型壳急速失水收缩受阻所致,而经长时间预烘型壳高温直接放入失模,型壳不开裂;低温250~300℃直接放入失模,型壳收缩相对较慢,主要受到泡沫模的膨胀力作用,膨胀力与失模温度,时间及泡沫模有关。得到低温直接放入时模样厚度与失模温度关系式,模样越厚,所需失模温度越低。     

节温器开裂原因分析

通过断口分析、金相检验、腐蚀性能测定等方法对节温器壳体开裂的原因进行了分析。结果表明:节温器的开裂属于应力腐蚀开裂。引起应力腐蚀开裂的主要原因是节温器中作用于壳体内侧应力较高和含硫橡胶对黄铜壳体产生腐蚀。     

Study on reinforced lightweight coconut shell concrete beam behavior under torsion

This research investigates and evaluates the results of coconut shell concrete beams subjected to torsion and compared with conventional concrete beams. Eight beams, four with coconut shell concrete and four with conventional concrete were fabricated and tested. Study includes the general cracking characteristics, pre cracking behavior and analysis, post cracking behavior and analysis, minimum torsional reinforcement, torsional reinforcement, ductility, crack width and stiffness. It was observed that the torsional behavior of coconut shell concrete is comparable to that of conventional concrete. Compare to ACI prediction, equation suggested by Macgregor is more conservative in calculating cracking torsional resistance. But for the calculation of ultimate torque strength ACI prediction is more conservative compared to the equation suggested by Macgregor. Indian standard is also conservative in this regard, but it was under estimated compared to ACI and Macgregor equations. Minimum torsional reinforcement in beams is necessary to ensure that the beam do not fail at cracking. Compared to conventional concrete specimens, coconut shell concrete specimens have more ductility. Crack width at initial cracking torque for both conventional and coconut shell concrete with corresponding reinforcement ratios is almost similar.     

Failure Analysis of a Heat Exchanger Shell

This paper presents a failure analysis performed to investigate cracking observed in a weld joint in the shell of a reheater. Thorough investigation using visual inspection, chemical analyses, metallographic examinations, hardness testing, and creep analysis showed that the weld joint failed by creep. The shell was fabricated from the heat-resistant alloy, Incoloy 800H, and had been in service for 16 years. The shell was exposed to superheated steam at 720 °C. Corrective actions were proposed to repair the shell and prevent recurrence of cracking.     

溴化锂吸收式制冷机换热管腐蚀失效分析

对某制冷机组吸收器的冷却水管出现不同程度的腐蚀穿孔进行宏观和微观形貌分析，对腐蚀孔附近腐蚀产物进行扫描电镜-能谱分析，并对冷却水管化学成分、冷却水质和溴化锂溶液进行分析。指出吸收器壳体开裂导致大量空气进入溴化锂水溶液，产生点蚀源，铜管的化学成分为点蚀的产生提供了材料条件，冷却水硬度超标加剧了铜管点腐蚀。     

Prediction of Interfacial Cracking due to Differential Drying Shrinkage of Concrete in Precast Shell Pier Cap

In a precast shell pier cap, cracking at the interface between the precast shell and the cast-in-place concrete may happen due to differences between the drying shrinkage of the inner and the outer concrete. The objective of this study is to establish a prediction method for interfacial cracking that will consider the real mechanism of differential drying shrinkage and creep. The main parameters used in the analysis were determined from experiments for a concrete mix that is applied to the manufacturing of pier caps. The variation of internal relative humidity over time was first calculated based on the nonlinear moisture diffusion; cracking analysis then followed. Prediction of the initiation of interface cracks and the increase of their width over time was performed. It was found that additional reinforcement across the interface is very effective at reducing crack width.     

新疆杏核破壳最佳截面的探讨

通过对新疆杏核形状结构的定义,对其结构物理特性进行分析研究,发现其核长、核宽、核厚及其之间不应仅为简单的线性关系,而可近似为关于横、竖、纵三椭圆截面对称的壳体,作为具有椭圆截面的异形薄壳壳体来研究。同时设定该壳体所受破壳压力大小一致、均匀分布,在弯矩公式中引入回转半径,简化计算;进行分析探讨其综合应力和危险截面;通过统计验证,最终得出结论:杏核破壳的最佳截面为杏核所具有的最大应力截面,即椭圆截面的最小回转半径处。     

山核桃破壳及包装自动化生产线控制系统的设计

目的为了适应山核桃大规模的加工生产,设计基于S7-200PLC与变频器控制的山核桃破壳及包装自动化生产线的控制系统。方法利用PLC和变频器控制,设计PLC程序,使系统按照既定的工艺流程工作,并结合西门子SMART700IE液晶触摸屏实现人机交互。结果该控制系统实施后山核桃破壳率最大达到95.9%,包装质量达到了最大化,果仁损伤率低至11.06%,破壳质量得到了有效验证。结论实现了山核桃破壳及包装自动化生产系统的实时显示、监测与控制。     

铜合金自来水表外壳破裂失效分析

采用宏观检验、断口分析、能谱分析、金相检验以及化学成分分析等方法,对某铜合金自来水表外壳在使用中发生破断开裂、造成泄露的原因进行了分析。结果表明:该铜合金自来水表外壳在使用过程中发生破裂属于应力腐蚀破裂,致使其发生应力腐蚀的原因主要与使用环境中含有硫化物有关。