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基于2000-2014年西安市统计年鉴、陕西省水资源公报以及陕西省水利统计年鉴等相关资料,采用能值分析基本理论分析计算了西安市2000-2014年的灌溉效益分摊系数以及灌溉用水产生的效益值,以此为基础分析了灌溉水效益分摊系数以及效益值的时间变化过程,同时,采用回归分析法分析了效益分摊系数的影响因素。结果表明:近15 a来西安市的农业灌溉效益分摊系数多年平均值为0.34,并且在时间上总体呈下降趋势;单方灌溉水效益随着时间变化持续增大,总效益的变化趋势与单方灌溉水效益基本一致;灌溉用水、降水、人力投入、农药化肥施用、机械动力投入等是影响西安市灌溉用水效益分摊系数的主要因素,人力投入及灌溉用水与灌溉效益分摊系数存在着正相关关系,其他因子却与农业灌溉分摊系数有负相关关系。 相似文献
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论实施可持续污水回用战略 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在水资源短缺的情况下,污水资源化具有节约供水、改善环境和产生经济价值三方面的效益。虽然经过处理的污水在发达国家已经被较广泛地用于农业、工业、居民及社区的非饮用水和环境用水等诸多方面,而且越来越受到世界水行业的关注,但更广泛的污水回用仍存在一些障碍。制定可持续污水回用战略必须坚持一系列的基本原则,而且应从八个方面为实施可持续污水回用战略制定相应的行动计划。 相似文献
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农业高效用水的根本目的是在有限的水资源约束下实现农业生产效益的极大化.本质是提高农业单方水的经济产出.在提高农业用水利用效率的同时,改善农业用水利用效益。维系农业水土生态环境。现代农业高效用水技术是在传统节水技术基础上,以高产、优质、高效、安全和改善生态环境与可持续发展为目标,通过应用生物、信息、计算机等新技术和新材料, 相似文献
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针对邢台市水资源紧缺的现状,为缓解农业灌溉严重缺水的局面,适当利用城市排放的污水进行灌溉是提高农业产量的一项有效措施。本文分析了污水灌溉的可行性和必要性,对污水灌区的水质、土壤环境质量、作物质量及污水灌溉效益进行了分析评价,并在此基础上提出了合理进行污水灌溉,减少环境污染的措施和方法。 相似文献
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Abstract Jordan is extremely water-scarce with just 167 m3 per capita per year to meet domestic, industrial, agricultural, tourism, and environmental demands. The heavy exploitation of water resources has contributed to declines in the levels of aquifers and the Dead Sea. Rapid growth in demand, particularly for higher quality water for domestic, industrial, and tourism uses, is significantly increasing pressure on agricultural and environmental uses of water, both of which must continue to adapt to reduced volumes and lower quality water. The agricultural sector has begun to respond by improving irrigation efficiency and increasing the use of recycled water. Total demand for water still exceeds renewable supplies while inadequate treatment of sewage used for irrigation creates potential environmental and health risks and presents agricultural marketing challenges that undermine the competitiveness of exports. The adaptive capability of the natural environment may already be past sustainable limits with oasis wetlands having been most seriously affected. Development of new water resources is extremely expensive in Jordan with an average investment cost of US$4 to $5 per cubic meter. This paper examines four integrated water resources management (IWRM) approaches of relevance to Jordan: water reuse, demand management, energy-water linkages, and transboundary water management. While progress in Jordan has been made, the Ministry of Water and Irrigation continues to be concerned about the acute water scarcity the country faces as well as the need to continue working with concerned stakeholders to assure future water supplies. 相似文献
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Aspects of municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse for future water resource shortages in Taiwan.
The Water Resources Agency (WRA), Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA) has predicted that the annual water demand in Taiwan will reach approximately 20 billion m3 by 2021. However, the present water supply is only 18 billion m3 per year. This means that an additional 2 billion m3 have to be developed in the next 17 years. The reuse of treated wastewater effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants could be one target for the development of new water resources. The responsible government departments already have plans to construct public sewerage systems in order to improve the quality of life of the populace and protect the environment. The treated wastewater effluent from such municipal wastewater treatment plants could be a very stable and readily available secondary type of water resource, different from the traditional types of water resources. The major areas where reclaimed municipal wastewater can be used to replace traditional fresh water resources include agricultural and landscape irrigation, street cleaning, toilet flushing, secondary industrial reuse and environmental uses. However, necessary wastewater reclamation and reuse systems have not yet been established. The requirements for their establishment include water reuse guidelines and criteria, the elimination of health risks ensuring safe use, the determination of the wastewater treatment level appropriate for the reuse category, as well as the development and application of management systems reuse. An integrated system for water reuse would be of great benefit to us all by providing more efficient ways to utilise the water resources. 相似文献
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改进的TOPSIS模型在污水灌溉安全性评价中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
选择开封市惠济河水作为污灌引水点的样本水体,采用标准方法对灌溉水质进行监测分析。考虑到 TOPSIS 法在进行综合评价时的不足之处 , 提出了运用垂直距离代替欧氏距离进行评价 , 通过建立改进的 TOPSIS 模型,对污水灌溉安全性进行了评价研究。结果表明,开封市惠济河水质低于国家灌溉水质标准,直接用来灌溉或进行其他用途是不安全的,且重金属污染较严重。研究成果为水体的科学管理和污染防治提供决策依据,在水资源可持续开发利用中具有重要意义。 相似文献
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从沧州市水环境现状看污水资源化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对河北省沧州市水环境现状的分析,提出污水资源化是缓解沧州市水资源短缺与治理水污染相结合的一项综合性战略措施,分析了污水资源化的必要性,提出污水资源化后用于农田灌溉、工业冷却及市政用水等具体实施建议。预计污水资源化后沧州市可以每年增加再生水资源近3亿m^2,水环境质量也会大大提高。 相似文献
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农业高效用水管理示范工程是国家科技部在“九五”期间批准立项的重大科技产业工程项目。井灌类型区农业是我国重要的灌溉农业类型区一,提高井灌区的灌溉水利用率和单方水的生产效率,对节约用水,提高农业生产水平具有重要的意义。河北省三河市通过提高井灌区水的利用率,创建和发展了相关产业,使该项目成为农业高效用水科技产业示范工程。 相似文献
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基于EFDC模型的尾水回用于城市景观水体优化计算 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以昆山市内蓬朗污水处理厂深度处理后的尾水回用于城市景观水体夏驾河为例,以环境流体动力学模型(environmental fluid dynamic code,EFDC)构建的夏驾河三维非稳态水量模型为基础,考虑经济、社会、环境等多方面的效益,构建目标函数,研究6种设计情景下尾水回用的综合效益,确定污水处理厂尾水回用的最佳运行方案。结果表明,从经济、社会、环境效益最大化的角度出发,昆山市夏架河尾水回用最优方案为:出水口选为距太仓塘4.5 km处,排水方向为吴淞江,回用流量为3.4万m3/d。尾水回用于景观水体可以有效改善水体交换,蓬朗污水处理厂尾水入河位置及回用量流量直接影响夏驾河换水周期以及夏驾河水质的好坏。 相似文献