双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊技术在铝合金车体制造中的应用发展

针对双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊技术特点进行介绍,对双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊在铝合金车体制造中的应用现状进行了分析,并提出了由传统搅拌摩擦焊技术衍生出的新型搅拌摩擦焊技术在轨道车辆制造行业的未来发展趋势和应用对象。采用双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊工艺成为国内外的又一个研究热点,加快搅拌摩擦焊技术在铝合金车体应用对提高国内轨道车辆制造水平至关重要。     

高效、固相焊接新技术--搅拌摩擦焊

在介绍搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）技术特点的基础上,对发达国家在搅拌摩擦焊接技术的工业化应用进行了综述,并且对中国搅拌摩擦焊中心在镁合金、铜合金、钛合金、塑料等材料的搅拌摩擦焊工艺研究、复杂铝合金构件开发以及搅拌摩擦焊设备制造等方面进行了较全面的介绍.搅拌摩擦焊接技术是一项高效、固相焊接新技术,在铝合金结构焊接方面具有广阔的应用前景.     

新型船舶制造技术-搅拌摩擦焊

对搅拌摩擦焊的原理、特点以及在船舶制造工业中的应用进行了阐述，并且对搅拌摩擦焊在中国船舶制造领域的应用进行了展望。     

铝合金焊接新技术在汽车制造中的应用

详细介绍了近年来国内外出现的铝合金焊接新技术(激光焊、激光-电弧复合焊以及摩擦搅拌焊)的原理、工艺特点以及在汽车制造中的应用.     

汽车轻量化铝合金材料的搅拌摩擦焊研究现状

铝合金作为汽车轻量化材料在汽车零部件应用中的比重日益增长,搅拌摩擦焊作为一种新型绿色固相连接技术受到了行业青睐。主要针对铝合金材料的搅拌摩擦焊研究现状进行概述,其主要分为传统搅拌摩擦焊和辅助搅拌摩擦焊,其中传统搅拌摩擦焊从搅拌头形状、n/v比值、下压量和填充材料进行了陈述,并通过热能辅助（电流、电弧、激光）与超声波辅助阐述了铝合金的辅助搅拌摩擦焊。     

焊接技术在动车组铝合金车体焊接的应用及发展趋势

通过对MIG焊、TIG焊、电阻点焊、激光焊及搅拌摩擦焊技术在轨道车辆铝合金车体焊接中的应用情况进行分析,阐述了上述各种焊接技术在轨道车辆铝合金车体焊接应用中的优缺点.总结得出:MIG焊及TIG焊技术是我国动车组铝合金车体制造目前应用的主要焊接技术,激光焊及搅拌摩擦焊技术在动车组铝合金车体焊接中的应用是未来我国动车组铝合金车体制造中的趋势.     

搅拌摩擦焊技术在高速列车制造中的应用

搅拌摩擦焊在轨道车辆车体生产中具有广泛的应用前景。在"复兴号"高速列车车体中就采用了这项技术,例如车钩座板采用单轴肩搅拌摩擦焊工艺,平顶、设备舱底板等采用双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊工艺。以这两种部件的生产制造工艺为载体,阐述了搅拌摩擦焊技术在高速列车制造中的应用情况。继续深入研究该技术,对提高国内高速列车的综合制造水平,占领搅拌摩擦焊技术领域的制高点具有重要意义。     

搅拌摩擦焊技术及其应用发展

简单介绍了搅拌摩擦焊FSW的技术特征,对当前搅拌摩擦焊FSW技术的主要应用领域进行了概述,着重对近些年搅拌摩擦焊的技术发展和最新应用进展进行介绍,同时对搅拌摩擦焊的应用前景进行了展望。     

搅拌摩擦焊在我国船舶建造中的应用展望

简要介绍了搅拌摩擦焊在船舶建造上的应用，对搅拌摩擦焊在我国船舶建造中的应用进行了展望。     

先进摩擦焊接技术的开发与应用

先进摩擦焊接技术具有巨大的开发潜力，是适应环境的21世纪材料加工制造技术,它主要包括线性摩擦焊、摩擦堆焊、搅拌摩擦焊和摩擦塞焊。本文综合介绍了上述几种先进摩擦焊接技术的工艺特点及应用发展趋势。     

铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头缺陷及焊件结构问题控制策略的研究进展

搅拌摩擦焊(Friction Stir Welding,FSW)是近些年发展起来的一种固态连接工艺,尤其适用于铝合金材料的焊接。概述了搅拌摩擦焊的局限性,主要包括接头处存在钥匙孔、焊缝减薄等缺陷及复杂结构铝合金难以焊接等问题。研究表明,通过工艺方法、流程及参量的优化能够对焊接接头缺陷和焊件结构问题进行有效控制。由此,归纳了铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头存在的关键问题及解决策略,分析了每种工艺方法的适用对象及条件,包括摩擦塞焊(Friction Plug Welding,FPW)、填充式搅拌摩擦焊(Filled Friction Stir Welding,FFSW)、回抽式FSW、静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊(Stationary Shoulder Friction Stir Welded,SSFSW)、沉积式FSW、双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊(Bobbin Tool Friction Stir Welding,BT-FSW)和无倾角FSW。详细探讨了每种工艺的原理和机制,阐述了每种工艺的优缺点,重点介绍了工艺的参数优化调控、辅助设备的添加及工序的改进对修复接头组织与力学性能的影响。对铝合金搅拌摩擦焊的回顾总结,将为获得高质量搅拌摩擦焊接头,实现复杂结构件焊接提供参考依据。在此基础上,对铝合金搅拌摩擦焊现存问题及挑战的解决进行了展望。     

Review of recent trends in friction stir welding process of aluminum alloys and aluminum metal matrix composites

Welding is a vital component of several industries such as automotive, aerospace, robotics, and construction. Without welding, these industries utilize aluminum alloys for the manufacturing of many components or systems. However, fusion welding of aluminum alloys is challenging due to several factors, including the presence of non-heat-treatable alloys, porosity, solidification, and liquation of cracks. Many manufacturers adopt conventional in-air friction stir welding (FSW) to weld metallic alloys and dissimilar materials. Many researchers reported the drawbacks of this traditional in-air FSW technique in welding metallic and polymeric materials in general and aluminum alloys and aluminum matrix composites in specific. A number of FSW techniques were developed recently, such as underwater friction stir welding (UFSW), vibrational friction-stir welding (VFSW), and others, for welding of aluminum alloy joints to overcome the issues of welding using conventional FSW. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to summarize the recent trends in FSW process of aluminum alloys and aluminum metal matrix composites (Al MMCs). Also, it discusses the effect of welding parameters of the traditional and state-of-the-art developed FSW techniques on the welding quality and strength of aluminum alloys and Al MMCs. Comparison among the techniques and advantages and limitations of each are considered. The review suggests that VFSW is a viable option for welding aluminum joints due to its energy efficiency, economic cost, and versatile modifications that can be employed based on the application. This review also illustrated that significantly less attention has been paid to FSW of Al-MMCs and considerable attention is demanded to produce qualified joint.     

A new fixture for FSW processes of titanium alloys

FSW of titanium alloys is nowadays one of the most challenging welding operations, even with a solid state process, due to the thermo-mechanical and thermo-chemical characteristics of such materials. Due to the relevant application of titanium alloys in the aeronautic and aerospace industries, in the recent years few attempts were carried out to develop FSW processes aimed to maximize the mechanical performances of the welded parts. In the paper a new fixture is presented allowing obtaining effective FSW joints of titanium blanks, which were investigated through mechanical and metallurgical tests highlighting the peculiarities of FSW of titanium alloys.     

钛合金搅拌摩擦焊接最新研究进展

钛合金具有密度低、比强度高,耐蚀性好,加工性能优异等优点,主要应用于航空航天、交通运输和石油化工等领域。当钛合金作为结构材料应用在不同领域时,传统的熔融焊接方法会产生较大残余应力,组织粗化,变形大,裂纹和孔隙等缺陷;而采用搅拌摩擦焊接技术可以避免传统熔融焊接方法产生的缺陷,从而大幅度提高钛合金焊接接头质量。目前,钛合金的搅拌摩擦焊接技术已成为国内外研究热点。主要介绍搅拌摩擦焊接的原理、工艺特点,国内外关于钛合金FSW焊接接头的宏观形貌、微观组织(晶粒大小、织构)和力学性能等方面的最新研究进展,最后展望了钛合金FSW未来的研究方向。     

我国搅拌摩擦焊技术的研究现状与热点分析

从搅拌摩擦焊材料、工艺、焊接机理、有限元数值模拟、接头耐腐蚀性等方面分析了国内对搅拌摩擦焊研究取得的成果与现状,并预测了未来几年国内搅拌摩擦焊研究的热点和重点.分析认为:铝合金仍是未来几年搅拌摩擦焊的主要研究材料,而镁合金、铜合金、不锈钢、碳钢以及异种金属的搅拌摩擦焊将也将成为研究的热点.焊接工艺、有限元数值模拟以及接...     

Alternative friction stir welding technology for titanium–6Al–4V propellant tanks within the space industry

Friction stir welding (FSW) offers an appealing solid state joining alternative to traditional fusion welding techniques for titanium alloys because it reduces problems associated with high temperature processing. Propellant tanks are a critical component of every spacecraft and contain several weld seams and a prime candidate for this innovative technology. This paper reviews the current technological maturity of FSW relative to titanium alloys and considers the application with respect to a pressure vessel. FSW is currently in a period of significant investment by large engineering companies and international research institutions. The technology is advancing and evolving to cater for high temperature alloys. Stationary shoulder FSW and hybrid techniques show promising potential with respect to Ti–6Al–4V. The tool material and limited process window for this material are restrictive factors at present but can be overcome with future development.     

Corrosion behavior of friction stir-welded AZ31 Mg alloy after plastic deformation

Postweld plastic deformation was reported to be able to largely enhance the mechanical properties of friction stir-welded (FSW) Mg alloys by changing microstructures in the regions with a soft-oriented texture. However, few studies have concentrated on the effects of postweld plastic deformations on the corrosion behavior of FSW Mg alloys, which has an impact on their application. In the present study, electrochemical measurements, hydrogen evolution, and mass loss tests were used to study the influences of postweld compression along the transverse direction and subsequent annealing on the corrosion rate of FSW AZ31 Mg alloys. It was found that owing to the grain refinement in the weld zones, an improvement in the corrosion resistance and hardness was observed in the FSW AZ31 sample compared to the base metal (BM) sample. Postweld compression was very harmful to the corrosion resistance of the FSW AZ31 alloys. On the basis of the mass loss results, the corrosion rate of the compressed FSW sample was ~17.62 mm/year, which was ~8.99 times that of the FSW sample (~1.96 mm/year). Subsequent annealing could slightly reduce the corrosion rate of the compressed FSW AZ31 plates, whereas the corrosion rate of the FSW-C-T sample (~13.63 mm/year) was much worse than that of the BM sample (~4.73 mm/year).     

Microstructure and properties of friction stir welded aluminium alloys

Aluminium alloy 7136 belongs to the Al–Zn–Mg–Cu group of aluminium alloys strengthened by precipitation. These alloys offer very good properties, i.e. high strength combined with good corrosion resistance, which makes them suitable for aerospace applications. The limited range of applications of these alloys is due to problems associated with their welding. The Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys are classified as non-weldable. The aim of this study was to determine the quality and properties of friction stir welded (FSW) joints of alloy 7136-T76. This article presents the results of a detailed study into the microstructure and mechanical properties of FSW welds. The paper demonstrates that the FSW method is suitable for joining Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys. The FSW joints are of good quality and high mechanical properties. Tests of joints created at various tool rotation speeds have shown that joints of suitable quality, in terms of microstructure and properties, can be obtained for a relatively wide range of process parameters. The tool rotation speeds applied during the welding process did not have a significant influence on the quality of the welds.     

Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe-Cr与Zr-Nb-Fe锆合金电阻点焊工艺及显微组织

文中对Zr-Sn-Nb-Cr-Fe锆合金搅拌摩擦焊(friction stir welding,FSW)工艺、微观组织和腐蚀性能进行了分析. 结果表明,采用W-25%Re的搅拌工具在转速250 r/min、焊接速度40 mm/min、顶锻压力10 kN、氩气保护条件下可以获得成形良好且无焊接缺陷的锆合金FSW接头. 搅拌区(stir zone,SZ)剧烈的塑性变形促进动态再结晶、合金元素扩散和晶粒细化,晶粒尺寸随着转速增加而增大,同时SZ内在晶界位置处析出大量的形状不规则的第二相粒子. 不同焊接参数制备的FSW接头在360 ℃、18.6 MPa中性水中腐蚀72 h后均表现为黑色、光亮、致密的氧化膜,但随着转速增加接头耐腐蚀性能降低.

     

Computational Investigation of Hardness Evolution During Friction-Stir Welding of AA5083 and AA2139 Aluminum Alloys

A fully coupled thermo-mechanical finite-element analysis of the friction-stir welding (FSW) process developed in our previous work is combined with the basic physical metallurgy of two wrought aluminum alloys to predict/assess their FSW behaviors. The two alloys selected are AA5083 (a solid-solution strengthened and strain-hardened/stabilized Al-Mg-Mn alloy) and AA2139 (a precipitation hardened quaternary Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy). Both of these alloys are currently being used in military-vehicle hull structural and armor systems. In the case of non-age-hardenable AA5083, the dominant microstructure-evolution processes taking place during FSW are extensive plastic deformation and dynamic re-crystallization of highly deformed material subjected to elevated temperatures approaching the melting temperature. In the case of AA2139, in addition to plastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization, precipitates coarsening, over-aging, dissolution, and re-precipitation had to be also considered. Limited data available in the open literature pertaining to the kinetics of the aforementioned microstructure-evolution processes are used to predict variation in the material hardness throughout the various FSW zones of the two alloys. The computed results are found to be in reasonably good agreement with their experimental counterparts.