一种实用的CCD像机标定方法

机器视觉测量系统中,对于短焦距、视场角较大的CCD镜头,图像畸变较大,为了获得高精度的测量结果,需要对镜头进行标定.提出了一种实用的像机标定方法,采用了从畸变像点到理想像点变换的镜头畸变模型,通过优化搜索算法,得到了镜头畸变参数.进行了CCD像机标定实验,实验结果表明,该方法得到的摄像机的内部参数和镜头畸变参数能较好地还原畸变图像.     

大视场远距离摄像机外部参数标定算法研究

针对现有的标定方法不适用于大视场远距离测量系统的现场标定,以高炮武器随动系统性能为测量对象,提出了一种新的摄像机现场标定方法.该方法借助于球状标定物,对标定物在不同角度拍摄一组图像,通过测量炮身管位置坐标拟合运动轴心位置,可得两摄像机相对于炮台轴心的平移矩阵;计算空间直线在两摄像机坐标系中的位置信息,得出两摄像机间的旋转矩阵.实验表明,该方法在大视场远距离测量情况下,能够快速稳定地实现两摄像机外部参数的现场标定,并可获得较高的标定精度.     

直线型激光测量系统中摄像机的标定方法

针对用于逆向工程的直线型激光测量系统,提出一种新的CCD摄像机标定方法.该方法首先调整摄像机镜头角度,使摄像机坐标系平行于世界坐标系,从而简化标定过程,然后对测量系统中的参数进行标定.     

CCD摄像机像面中心的激光标定方法研究

论述了采用激光方法对视觉传感用CCD摄像机的像面中心进行标定的原理和方法 ,并对所采集的激光光斑图像进行适当的处理 ,通过求取质心的方法确定其精确位置 ,从而实现对像面中心的精确标定。实验结果表明 ,该方法计算量较小 ,精度较高。     

基于图像的模拟相机标定方法的研究

从光学测量角度出发,结合计算机主动视觉中的相机标定方法及数字图像处理技术,提出了一种CCD摄像系统畸变校正方法.该法通过使用经纬仪,不需相机做任何运动就能实现全过程的标定.该方法在摄像机模型中全面考虑了镜头的径向畸变,利用图像中心附近点畸变量较小的性质,用中心附近点和全场视点对摄像机内部参数和像差修正参数进行标定,最后由最小二乘法得到摄像系统畸变模型的畸变系数,解决了CCD摄像系统的畸变校正问题.与传统的相机标定不同,畸变校正中仅标定数字图像中像素间距和相机焦距.该法运用了亚像素细分算法,提高了测试系统的精度,是一种简单、有效、实用的标定法.     

新型三维视觉测量结构光平面标定方法

结构光平面标定是结构光三维视觉测量中的重要环节。传统的标定方法需要昂贵的设备,效率低下,步骤复杂。提出了一种新的三维视觉系统中结构光平面的标定方法。该方法仅使用一个简单的二维平面靶标,在保证靶标与结构光相交的前提下,靶标在摄像机可视范围内自由移动数个位置。对于移动到各个位置的靶标平面,分别建立对应的世界坐标系,并计算该世界坐标系与摄像机坐标系、图像坐标系的转换关系。通过处理算法,可以将每一个位置得到的结构光平面与靶标平面的交线方程统一到摄像机坐标系下。使用最小二乘法拟合多条交线可以标定出结构光平面在摄像机坐标系下的方程。实验证明该方法效率高,步骤简单,具有很好的通用性。     

视觉传感集成体系中不同图像间映射匹配关系

提出一种由三角法面形传感器和2个CCD摄像机组成的机器视觉传感集成系统，利用前者所获得的三维面形与后者所摄得的二维图像在空间上特定的几何对应关系，建立3幅图像间的映射。可实现在二维CCD图像上附加距离数据,及以三维面形数据为网格点粘贴亮度、颜色和纹理等信息；并进一步可实现2幅二维图像基于映射小区域间的匹配，用于双CCD摄像机交汇测量。保证了三维面形与二维面图像间的信息融合和互补，以满足机器视觉需要。     

线结构光三维测量系统扫描方向的标定

提出一种基于平面标靶的线结构光三维传感器扫描方向的标定方法。利用平面标靶对摄像头进行标定,得到摄像头的内部参数,将棋盘格平面标靶固定在空间某一位置,测量系统沿着扫描方向移动并采集一系列图像。根据这一系列图像求出摄像机的外部参数,并结合已经求出的摄像机内部参数计算出标靶上同一特征点在摄像机坐标系下的坐标值,对这些点进行直线拟合得到一直线方程,直线的方向就是测量系统的扫描方向。实验表明,该方法测量精度高,操作简单,无需辅助的调整设备,降低了标定设备的成本和系统校准的难度,适合现场标定。     

一种基于OpenCV的简易摄像机标定方法

摄像机标定是在机器视觉和工业测量等领域中的一个基本步骤,也是从二维图像获取三维信息必不可少的.为了提高传统摄像机标定方法的效率,在VC ++6.0平台下调用OpenCV1.0库函数实现摄像机的标定.此方法的简易性主要体现在不需要很多的优化算法,仅仅利用库函数中已有的标定函数便可实现.并通过实验证明了此方法的可行性与有效性.     

基于BP神经网络的姿态测量系统摄像机标定

针对摄像机标定过程中复杂的成像和畸变模型,利用误差逆传播(BP)神经网络对复杂非线性映射关系的强大逼近能力,对姿态测量系统中的摄像机进行隐式标定,建立了姿态测量中三维空间目标特征点与它在图像平面上像点间的映射关系,使姿态测量系统无须进行复杂的摄像机标定,直接恢复目标特征点的三维信息,从而计算得到目标姿态信息.结果表明,该方法对于空间点坐标恢复的均方根误差小于0.015 mm,可以获得较高的精度.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks