钠铁比对熟料熔出率影响的探讨

运用所建立的Ｎ／Ｆ数学模型，对山东铝业公司１９９７年拜耳－烧结联合法氧化铝生产工艺的技术经济指标进行分析，认为熟料Ｎ／Ｒ的控制应与具体的物料组成及Ｎ／Ａ、Ｎ／Ｆ结合起来，均化矿石组成，均匀加入拜耳法法赤泥，使物一份在合理的范围内波动，有利于同标准的合格料浆。     

N/Al比值对A508-3钢的组织和性能的影响

研究了核电站压力容器用Ａ５０８－３钢的酸溶氮与酸溶铝的不同比值（Ｎ／Ａｌ）对其组织和性能的影响。结果表明,Ｎ／Ａｌ比值增大,钢的塑性提高,但强度变化不大。韧脆转变温度（ＦＡＴＴ）和无塑性转变温度（ＮＤＴＴ）降低。当Ｎ／Ａｌ比值为０．３３￣０．５４时,ＦＡＴＴ和ＮＤＴＴ明显降低;当Ｎ／Ａｌ比值为０．５４￣０．８１时,ＦＡＴＴ和ＮＤＴＴ基本不变。显微组织分析结果表明,随Ｎ／Ａｌ比值的增大,晶粒细化;贝     

日本鹿岛制铁所热轧厂降低加热炉单耗的技术措施

日本鹿岛制铁所热轧厂降低加热炉单耗的技术措施ＴＥＣＨＮＩＣＡＬＭＥＡＳＵＲＥＳＦＯＲＲＥＤＵＣＩＮＧＵＮＩＴＣＯＮＳＵＭＰＴＩＯＮＯＦＦＵＲＮＡＣＥＡＴＨＯＴＲＯＬＬＩＮＧＭＩＬＬＯＦＮＩＰＰＯＮＫＡＳＨＩＭＡＩＲＯＮＭＡＫＩＮＧＣＯＲＰ￥／／日本住...     

提高钢铁生产燃料利用率的措施与方法（连载3）

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提高钢铁生产燃料利用率的措施与方法（连载6）

提高钢铁生产燃料利用率的措施与方法（连载６）［原苏联］Ｂ·Ｍ·　　ＴＨＥＭＥＡＮＳＦＯＲＰＲＯＭＯＴＩＮＧＥＦＦＩＣＩＥＮＣＹＯＦＵＴＩＬＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＦＵＥＬＩＮＭＥＴＡＬＬＵＲＧＩＣＡＬＩＮＤＵＳＴＲＹ（ＰＡＲＴ６）￥／／５用保证完善烧结矿烧...     

提高钢铁生产燃料利用率的措施与方法（连载1）

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提高钢铁生产燃料利用率的措施与方法（连载9）

提高钢铁生产燃料利用率的措施与方法（连载９）［前苏联］Ｂ．Ｍ．ＴＨＥＭＥＡＮＳＦＯＲＰＲＯＭＯＴＩＮＧＥＦＦＩＣＩＥＮＣＹＯＦＵＴＩＬＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＦＵＥＬＩＮＭＥＴＡＬＬＵＲＧＩＣＡＬＩＮＤＵＳＴＲＹ（ＰＡＲＴ９）￥／／第四章提高轧材和管材生产...     

提高钢铁生产燃料利用率的措施与方法（连载5）

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提高钢铁生产燃料利用率的措施与方法（连载2）

提高钢铁生产燃料利用率的措施与方法（连载２）［原苏联］Ｂ．Ｍ．ＴＨＥＭＥＡＮＳＦＯＲＰＲＯＭＯＴＩＮＧＥＦＦＩＣＩＥＮＣＹＯＦＵＴＩＬＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＦＵＥＬＩＮＭＥＴＡＬＬＵＲＧＩＣＡＬＩＮＤＵＳＴＲＹ（ＰＡＲＴ２）￥／／２分析燃料利用率的基本计...     

动力用劣质煤燃烧特性研究（下）

动力用劣质煤燃烧特性研究（下）晏蓉，赵思安，郑楚光，周燕陵，曾羽健（华中理工大学煤燃烧国家重点实验室）ＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＴＨＥＣＯＭＢＵＳＴＩＯＮＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳＯＦＩＮＦＥＲＩＯＲＰＯＷＥＲＣＯＡＬ（ＴＨＥ２ＮＤＨＡＬＦ）￥ＹａｏＲｏｎｇ...     

Hot Deformation Behavior of Modified CNS-Ⅱ F/M Steel

 Modified CNS-Ⅱ F/M steel was designed for in-core components of supercritical water cooled reactor. Study on the hot deformation behavior of modified CNS-Ⅱ F/M steel is of great importance for processing parameter planning and microstructure controlling during hot deformation. The hot deformation behavior of modified CNS-Ⅱ F/M steel was investigated through isothermal hot compression test at temperature ranging from 1223 to 1373 K and strain rate 001 to 10 s-1. The true stress-true strain data gained from compression tests were used to built constitutive equation of modified CNS-Ⅱ F/M steel. The influence of strain on the accuracy of constitutive analysis was incorporated, assuming strain has a influence on material constants. A 5th order polynominal equation with very good accuracy was used to represent the influence of strain on material constant. The flow stresses calculated from the constitutive equation were compared with test values in the whole experiment range and the absolute average error for the constitutive equation in predicting flow stress is 4728%. At last, the recrystallization behavior of modified CNS-Ⅱ F/M steel was investigated. The relationship of critical strain and peak strain with Zener-Hollomon parameter were given by an experimental equation.     

THE TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ADVANTAGES OF POWDER-FORGED PRODUCTS

Abstract

“Powder forging” is a hybrid process in which preforms made by conventional PM techniques are hot forged in closed impression dies. The process combines many of the best features of both conventionally made PM parts and hot forgings. Although the process is still in the development stages, indications are that “powder-forged” components can be produced having mechanical and physical properties equivalent to conventionally wrought steels, together with the complexity and dimensional accuracy normally associated with sintered parts.

The process appears an attractive and economic manufacturing route for many components for the following reasons: Material utilization is better than in conventional forging; detail and tolerances obtainable can lead to the elimination of much, if not all, finish machining; tight weight tolerances are possible in the “as-forged” condition, which on components such as connecting rods might ultimately lead to the elimination of weight-balancing operations.

The paper describes the features of the powder-forging process, and the production route is briefly outlined. Weight and machining savings are illustrated by reference to actual components made by G.K.N. Forgings Ltd. Forging load/preform density relationships are briefly mentioned, and the importance of preform design and forging-tool design emphasized. The main factors covering preform design are outlined.

Examples of mechanical properties obtained on powder-forged material are quoted, and it is explained that provided powder purity is controlled these can be comparable to those of conventionally wrought steels. The economics of the process is briefly discussed, and future development possibilities mentioned.     

Selective modification of somatosensory evoked potential during voluntary finger movement in humans

We examined changes in somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) during voluntary movement of fingers innervated by the stimulated nerve and those not innervated by the stimulated nerve and the relationship to the kind of movement modality. Analysis showed that the amplitude of most components at F3, C3', and P3, except for P45 at C3, N35 and P45 at P3, decreased during voluntary finger movement tasks. Further, we found that the components of P40 at F3, P45 at C3', and N35 at P3 were increased during the voluntary pulling movement of the second and the third digits compared to those during the voluntary pushing movement of the fourth and the fifth digits, whereas all other components were decreased at F3, C3', and P3. We also found that not all components of SEPs were decreased while some SEPs in middle latency were increased. In conclusion, we confirmed the selectivity in attenuation of the SEPs. Moreover, we noted an interesting finding that the selectivity of attenuation of the SEPs was most frequently observed in the N20, P30 (P25 at F3), N35 (N30 at F3), and P45 (P40 at F3) components at F3, C3', and P3.     

原料粉末对制备碳化钒的影响

为工业化生产提供实验室研究基础,本文以V2O5和纳米碳黑为原料,利用碳热还原法,在常压下碳管炉中得到了V8C7粉末。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM),分析了原料对反应进程的影响。结果表明:采用普通球磨干混的方式时,比表面积(BET)为112m2/g的碳黑可以加速反应进程,过低或过高都不利于反应的进行;细粒径的V2O5原始粉末可明显加快反应进程,最终得到大小均匀,粒度1μm以下的球形碳化钒粉末。反应机理研究表明,固-固反应的速率与反应组元的颗粒大小和混合均匀程度,以及不同反应组元之间的接触面积有很大关系。     

粉煤灰漂珠@C3N4复合材料的合成及其光催化性能

制备漂珠@氮化碳（P@C3N4）光催化复合材料，通过利用XRD、SEM、XPS和UV-dis对材料的晶型、形貌和光响应进行表征，考察P@C3N4作为催化剂在可见光下降解亚甲基蓝（MB）与四环素的效果及动力学，对复合材料的重复使用性及降解机理进行探讨。结果表明，C3N4被成功负载在粉煤灰漂珠颗粒上，P@C3N4复合材料具有良好的可见光吸收性能。光照条件下，P@C3N4复合材料可有效提高MB与四环素的降解效果，一级动力学模型可描述污染物的光催化降解过程。P@C3N4光催化剂具有良好的稳定性，空穴和羟基自由基很可能是P@C3N4复合材料在光催化作用过程中起主要作用的活性基团。     

Analytic methods for seed models with genotype x environment interactions

Genetic models with genotype effect (G) and genotype x environment interaction effect (GE) are proposed for analyzing generation means of seed quantitative traits in crops. The total genetic effect (G) is partitioned into seed direct genetic effect (G0), cytoplasm genetic of effect (C), and maternal plant genetic effect (Gm). Seed direct genetic effect (G0) can be further partitioned into direct additive (A) and direct dominance (D) genetic components. Maternal genetic effect (Gm) can also be partitioned into maternal additive (Am) and maternal dominance (Dm) genetic components. The total genotype x environment interaction effect (GE) can also be partitioned into direct genetic by environment interaction effect (G0E), cytoplasm genetic by environment interaction effect (CE), and maternal genetic by environment interaction effect (GmE). G0E can be partitioned into direct additive by environment interaction (AE) and direct dominance by environment interaction (DE) genetic components. GmE can also be partitioned into maternal additive by environment interaction (AmE) and maternal dominance by environment interaction (DmE) genetic components. Partitions of genetic components are listed for parent, F1, F2 and backcrosses. A set of parents, their reciprocal F1 and F2 seeds is applicable for efficient analysis of seed quantitative traits. MINQUE(0/1) method can be used for estimating variance and covariance components. Unbiased estimation for covariance components between two traits can also be obtained by the MINQUE(0/1) method. Random genetic effects in seed models are predictable by the Adjusted Unbiased Prediction (AUP) approach with MINQUE(0/1) method. The jackknife procedure is suggested for estimation of sampling variances of estimated variance and covariance components and of predicted genetic effects, which can be further used in a t-test for parameter. Unbiasedness and efficiency for estimating variance components and predicting genetic effects are tested by Monte Carlo simulations.     

温压技术在非铁基粉末冶金材料中的应用研究

概述了随着铁基粉末冶金温压技术的日趋成熟，温压工艺正逐渐向非铁基材料领域渗透的基本情况。指出，温压工艺可以有效提高硬质合金、钛合金、磁性材料和钨基合金等粉末压坯密度，合理的润滑剂／粘结剂设计则是获得优异温压效果的保证。分析讨论表明，在塑性金属基复合材料、粘结磁性材料和聚合物基复合材料制备中，温压工艺更具有应用优势；作为常规温压工艺的延伸和发展，流动温压工艺因具有成形复杂零件的能力，亦具有广阔的应用前景。     

多种进口含铜物料的固体废物鉴别方法

通过对3个进口含铜物料的固体废物鉴别,得到了进口含铜物料的固体废物鉴别方法,即含铜物料的固体废物鉴别通常包括3步:第1步,确定物料的自然属性,包括利用肉眼进行外观和杂质观察;利用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)进行半定量分析,确认物料的主要成分及其质量分数;利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和矿相显微镜进行物相组成分析,得到物料的主要物相组成;对于极细粉末类含铜物料,还需要利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析物料的微观形态和粒度分布。第2步,确定物料的产生来源,具体是指根据物料的外观特征和试验结果,通过资料对比、实地调研、专家咨询的方法,判断出物料的产生工艺,最终明确该物料是否有意识生产等信息。第3步,确定物料的固体废物属性,即根据《固体废物鉴别导则》(试行)得出物料的固体废物鉴别结论。在此所鉴别的3个含铜物料固体废物鉴别结论分别是铜冶炼过程中产生的铜渣、含铜电镀污泥、废黄杂铜冶炼中渣/烟灰/二级泥渣的混合物料,均属于我国禁止进口的固体废物。实验研究为进口含铜物料的固体废物鉴别和监管提供参考,对将铜渣、铜电镀污泥、含铜渣/灰/泥混合物料等固体废物堵在国门之外具有重要意义。     

高钛渣系列标准样品的研制

根据GB/T 15000《标准样品工作导则》、JJG 1006《一级标准物质技术规范》和相关ISO导则,研制了包含TiO2、TFe、SiO2、Al2O3、CaO、MgO、MnO、S共8种成分的高钛渣化学分析用系列标准样品。按照不小于23N取样原则,随机抽取24瓶制备好的样品,采用精密度高的分析方法进行均匀性检验,用双因素方差分析统计处理数据,各成分的F值均小于临界值Fα,表明被检组分的均匀性良好。由9家有资质的实验室采用多种不同原理,准确、可靠的分析方法协作定值分析,通过对分析结果进行统计和处理,确定了8种成分的认定值和扩展不确定度。     

Simulated hot working,cold working,

An investigation was carried out on the effects of changing the hot-working, cold-working, and annealing parameters on the interaction between A1N precipitation and recrystallization in low- carbon steels containing significant amounts of Al and N. The primary aim was to determine whether laboratory torsion testing can be helpful in analyzing precipitation behavior in these steels. The approach taken was first to establish the baseline annealing behavior of material that was hot- and cold-worked in a mill and then to compare this with the behavior of material in which the hot and cold working were simulated by torsion testing. It was found, first of all, that torsion testing can indeed provide a good simulation of the industrial process of hot and cold working followed by annealing, even to the extent that a process as subtle as the inhibition of recrystallization by A1N precipitation can be accurately reproduced. The results also show that the interaction between precipitation and recrystallization during annealing is significantly influenced by the reheat temperature before hot working, as well as by the cooling rate after hot working.