冷却速度对短纤维增强Al-4.5Cu合金复合材料的凝固偏析的影响

用挤压铸造法制备Al2 O3f/Al— 4Cu复合材料 ,研究了冷却速度对复合材料凝固偏析的影响。结果表明 ,Al- 4Cu合金初晶在纤维间隙中生核长大 ,纤维不能作为α初晶非自发形核衬底 ;复合材料基体中存在由纤维间隙中心至纤维 /基体界面或晶界处渐增的Cu浓度梯度 ,纤维周围存在共晶第二相偏析 ;冷却速度增大 ,凝固偏析加剧 ;复合材料中由于非平衡结晶生成共晶组织的量可由Clyne-Kurz公式定量计算     

挤压温度对Al-25%Mg_2Si复合材料组织和性能的影响

用熔铸法制备高增强相质量分数的Al-25%Mg_2Si复合材料。在300～400℃挤压温度、2.64∶1挤压比和0.001 m/s挤压速度下,获得热挤压材料。利用OM、SEM和XRD分析材料的相和显微组织以及对应的抗弯性能。结果表明:铸态组织由枝晶状或漏斗状初生Mg_2Si(Mg2Sip)、片状共晶Mg_2Si(Mg_2Sie)和α-Al组成;挤压变形后,Mg_2Sip钝化破碎,Mg_2Sie片或Mg_2Sie颗粒间距增大,部分Mg_2Sie被破碎为点状或短棒状;由于增强相的破碎和孔隙率降低,复合材料的强度和塑性大幅提高,随挤压温度的降低,增强相Mg_2Si的破碎效果更显著,复合材料的抗弯强度不断升高,最大为183 MPa,而塑性先升后降,在360℃达到最大值,为1.9%。     

往复挤压制备Mg2Si/Mg-Al复合材料组织及时效行为研究

对用石墨型铸造方法制备的Mg2Si/Mg-Al基复合材料进行了多道次往复挤压及时效处理,以探讨该材料组织与硬度的变化规律。结果表明:Mg2Si/Mg-Al复合材料经往复挤压7道次后,Mg2Si相分布均匀且小于30μm,基体晶粒尺寸<10μm,复合材料硬度为150.7HV,与铸态相比提高了22.5%;挤压后的材料经215℃时效6h后,硬度为163.9HV,较铸态提高了33.3%。硬度的提高得益于基体组织、Mg2Si和Mg17Al12的细化,而时效后硬度进一步提高是由于固溶到基体中的Al原子以颗粒状Mg17Al12相析出。     

挤压铸造重型车辆铝合金轮毂组织和性能研究

为研究挤压铸造铝合金轮毂组织及性能,选用ZL205A铸造铝合金和2A12、2A50、6061、7A04变形铝合金,并用反向挤压铸造工艺制备铝合金轮毂。借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜、万能力学试验机、布氏硬度计及高频振动疲劳试验机研究铝合金轮毂材料的微观特性及力学性能。结果表明:铸造铝合金和变形铝合金在挤压铸造状态下均为晶粒细小的铸态组织;铝合金轮毂的铸造热节处存在挤压铸造异常偏析;拉伸试样断口形貌呈韧性断裂;用ZL205A合金挤压铸造铝合金轮毂T5热处理后的抗拉强度、断后伸长率、硬度为464～473 MPa、8.5%～9.5%、115HB～118HB;用2A12、2A50及7A04合金挤压铸造铝合金轮毂T6热处理后的抗拉强度、断后伸长率、硬度分别为420～425 MPa、8.0%～9.5%、124HB～128HB,392～394 MPa、7.5%～8.0%、121HB～124HB,465～475 MPa、7.0%～7.5%、144HB～148HB;6061合金挤压铸造铝合金轮毂T6热处理后的抗拉强度、断后伸长率为295～310 MPa、5.0%～7.0%。ZL205A合金及2A50合金的疲劳...     

高强度耐热Mg合金

<正>中国发明专利申请公开说明书CN1814837中公布了一种高强度耐热Mg合金制备技术。该合金主要含有(质量分数)Y 3%～12%、Sm2%～6%、Zr 0.35%～0.8%,Si、Fe、Cu或Ni元素含量不超过0.02%。该合金的制造方法是:将纯Mg和母合金(Mg-Zr、Mg-Y和Mg-Sm)预热至180～220℃,在保护气氛下使纯Mg熔化;在720～740℃向纯Mg中加入Mg-Y和Mg-Sm合金,加热至750～770℃后加入Mg-Zr合金;待合金全部熔化后,除去浮渣;然后精练、保温、冷却、铸造;在500～550℃进行6～12 h固溶热处理;在175～250℃时效处理6～50 h。     

Si对AM60镁合金组织和腐蚀性能的影响

对不同Si含量的AM60镁合金的显微组织和腐蚀性能进行分析。结果表明,AM60镁合金中加入合金元素Si,组织中出现了汉字状的Mg2Si相。在T4和T6状态下,汉字状的Mg2Si相形貌都保持不变。加入合金元素Si或T6热处理可提高AM60镁合金的耐蚀性。     

大塑性变形AZ31-1%Si-0.5%Sb合金组织与力学性能

研究大塑性变形对AZ31-1%Si-0.5%Sb合金组织和性能的影响,探讨基体组织和Mg2Si颗粒的细化机制。AZ31-1%Si-0.5%Sb合金铸态组织由α-Mg、β-Mg17Al12和Mg2Si组成。正挤压变形可以细化合金微观组织,基体晶粒约为2μm,正挤压提高AZ31-1%Si-0.5%Sb合金力学性能。往复挤压4道次后再进行正挤压,得到4μm晶粒细小均匀分布的等轴晶组织,抗拉强度、屈服强度、延伸率及硬度较单次正挤压态分别提高了21.8%、19.8%、43.6%和21.5%。力学性能的提高得益于基体组织、Mg2Si和β-Mg17Al12的进一步细化。     

Si对AM60镁合金组织和腐蚀性能的影响

对不同Si含量的AM60镁合金的显微组织和腐蚀性能进行分析。结果表明，AM60镁合金中加入合金元素Si，组织中出现了汉字状的Mg2Si相。在T4和T6状态下，汉字状的Mg2Si相形貌都保持不变。加入合金元素Si或T6热处理可提高AM60镁合金的耐蚀性。     

石英原位自生制备Mg2Si增强Mg-Si合金及其显微组织

采用石英粉和石英砂与纯镁原位反应自生获得Mg2Si相,在不同温度下浇铸制备高Si含量的Mg-Si二元合金,分析原位反应的热力学条件、合金的凝固过程、组织形态及分布。结果表明,在实验条件下石英与纯镁原位自生反应可以自发进行,随着Si含量的提高,合金中的Mg2Si相以汉字状、枝晶状及初生块状形态。采用石英粉更易于原位自生获得Mg2Si相,浇注温度越高Mg2Si相分布越均匀。     

Mg-13Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr镁合金压缩过程的动态再结晶

为研究Mg-13Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr合金热压缩过程中的动态再结晶规律,在变形温度为350~500℃、应变速率为0.001~1.000 s-1条件下,采用Gleeble3500对合金进行压缩实验,通过XRD和金相显微镜对变形后的合金组织进行分析。结果表明:合金经过均匀化,主要相组成为Mg基体以及析出相W相(Mg3Y2Zn3)、I相(Mg3YZn6)和长程有序相(Mg12YZn),且变形过程中长程有序相保留下来;Mg-13Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr合金热压缩曲线为典型的动态再结晶型,且峰值应力随应变速率的降低和温度的升高而减小;随着应变速率的增加和温度的升高,动态再结晶由晶界扩展到晶内,且组织成分达到均匀。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent ＂explosion of terms＂. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.     

A Study on the Estimation of Aeroheating upon the Warhead Nose at Supersonic Speed

An expression for estimating the aeroheating on a warhead nose at different supersonic speeds is proposed by incorporating CFD （computational fluid dynamics） and the least-square method. Compared with the traditional estimation formula, the expression is more accurate, convenient and can be used in the optimized design of warheads. The error from the result obtained in the test of a ball cartridge flight is less than 3 %. It satisfies the engineering requirements.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.