合纤设备中作为可控硅负载的变压器容量选择

低电压大电流的电阻加热器,在合成纤维工业中普遍应用,为使加热器温度恒定常采用可控硅控制(移相触发或过零触发)。要使通过可控硅的电流不致过大,常在加热器和可控硅之间装降压变压器。按照常规方式     

钢丝胶带提升机受物料影响的故障及改造

生料入均化库N-TGD钢丝胶带提升机受物料影响较大,导致胶带跑偏、电流波动大、电流超负荷跳停等故障频发。通过加装头部接料板、尾部挡料板、调整回转卸料器间隙等办法,彻底解决了上述故障,提高了生料磨系统的运行可靠性。     

直流电源供电柜微市几监测系统的研究应用

基于AT89s52单片机的直流电源监测系统,利用单片机控制原理,在无须断开支路工作电源、不影响操作回路工作状态的前提下,检测直流电源系统的各种实时运行数据及故障状态,即自动巡回测量供电柜各支路的供电状态以及电源主备路电压电流。当电源电压和电流低于限定值或超过允许值时,自动报警,进行主备路切换,同时显示有关信息。通过RS485与上位机进行通信,实现遥信、遥测、遥控和遥调等功能,能较好地满足无人值守供电站库及配网自动化的需要。     

如何消除化工生产中小接地电流系统单相接地故障

小接地电流系统是高压电力系统的供电方式,单相接地故障是该系统经常发生的故障类型。通过采取合理的措施降低小接地电流系统电流,以及采用合适的绝缘监察和继电保护方式,来控制故障发生或发展。     

基于SPM软件浅析EPC项目中的材料控制

结合SPM软件的数据流,论述EPC总承包项目中材料控制的主要流程和重点环节。包括设计数据、请购数据、订单数据、现场入库、现场预测、预留数据、现场材料发放、库房材料盘库数据、设计变更、过量、移库、退库、剩余材料数据、材料周报、月报和材料结算数据在内的总承包项目中相关材料控制工作的侧重点。     

基于SFD技术的表面活性剂装置联锁报警系统

采用传感器故障诊断(SFD)技术设计了表面活性剂装置联锁报警系统,该系统可在历史故障特征库中匹配现有故障,且可在被控参数超过报警极限之前或传感器出现故障时,及时分析原因并进行相应的补偿容错控制。     

基于决策分类方法的水泥回转窑故障诊断方法

提出了一种基于决策分类的水泥回转窑故障诊断方法。该方法利用水泥生产过程中产生的回转窑历史数据结合模糊决策树算法生成故障诊断模糊推理规则库,利用在线数据可对模糊规则库进行增量学习,不断完善故障诊断规则库。故障诊断阶段,将在线数据形成的特征向量与故障诊断规则库进行匹配,判断是否发生故障以及相应的故障类型。该方法对故障数据进行模糊化处理,提高了故障诊断结果的可解释性以及泛化性能,适用于实际的水泥生产过程。     

第二讲 整流机组的过电流保护

一、机组交流侧故障的过电流保护1.交流侧故障过电流保护的特点(1)整流交流侧故障过电流由交流断路器(油开关或真空开关)保护,在发生短路或过电流时,其全部动作时间为0.1～0.2S;由于硅元件不能在这样长的时间里承受短路电流(当6倍过电流时,承受时间≤20     

管道完整性管理与线路设计

在管道线路设计中引入完整性管理的理念和方法,研究其对线路设计的优化及两者建库基础数据的共同点。通过从管道完整性管理的工作流程入手,在线路设计中识别管道沿线的高后果区(HCA)并采取应对措施,分析对比基于地理信息系统(GIS)平台下线路设计与完整性管理数据采集的特点。明确了管道完整性管理从风险消减与控制层面对线路设计进行优化;同时,完整性管理数据建库中可沿用部分线路设计数据。     

一种基于改进局部熵PCA的工业过程故障检测方法

针对工业过程的多模态和非高斯特性,提出一种基于改进局部熵主元分析(ILEPCA)的故障检测方法。引入k近邻的均值对局部概率密度函数进行改进,构造改进的局部熵数据剔除多模态和非高斯特性。对改进的局部熵数据建立主元分析(PCA)模型,根据核密度估计计算控制限。对于测试数据,运用改进的局部熵算法预处理后,向PCA模型上投影,计算统计量。通过比较统计量与控制限来进行故障检测。把该方法应用到数值例子和半导体过程故障检测,仿真结果表明,与PCA、核主元分析(KPCA)和局部熵PCA (LEPCA)相比,ILEPCA算法在具有多模态和非高斯特性的工业过程故障检测中具有明显的优越性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。