燃气轮发电机变频启动特点和保护配置分析

结合西门子燃机和三菱燃机的典型配置,介绍了燃气轮发电机静态变频启动(SFC)装置的结构、工作原理和保护配置。基于燃气轮发电机SFC的步骤,分析了SFC的特点以及对发电机保护的影响。通过理解和分析低频过流保护、SFC装置直流接地保护的设计思想,提出了减少燃气轮发电机SFC过程中,防止发电机差动保护、频率保护和逆功率保护误动的措施,实际运行表明这些技术措施是可行的。     

S109FA机组静态变频器介绍

介绍了GE公司的S109FA联合循环机组所配套的静态变频器LS2100,它是一种专门用来把同步发电机作为电动机运行使之起动的一种大型变频装置。文中介绍了它的基本原理、硬件组成和它在S109FA机组中的运行方式。     

交流同步起动发电机在变频起动中机械特性的分析与计算

立足于铁道部正在研制的第一台交流传动内燃调车机车,在已设计的同步起动发电机参数的基础上,结合变频起动装置的工作原理,分析并计算该起动发电机在起动过程中的机械特性。     

燃气轮发电机三电平变频起动装置的研制

提出了一种用于燃气轮发电机启动的二极管中点箝位型(NPC)三电平静止变频器(SFC),并对三电平SFC进行了仿真和试验研究.结果表明:三电平SFC应用一种准双极性空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)技术解决了三电平输出电压突变的问题,并采用基于零序分量叠加的控制技术有效抑制了中点电压波动,解决了电流型SFC起动装置存在的严重谐波污染、起动转矩小和附加机械振动等问题.此外,对该装置功率器件的水冷散热器进行了合理设计.     

高压变频器在特殊钢厂工业供水系统上的节能应用

阐述了国产高压变频装置在宝钢股份特殊钢分公司工业供水系统450kW供水机组中的应用情况。着重介绍水泵采用变频装置的改造方法和设备选型,分析变频改造后的经济效益和社会综合效益。     

发电机用作变频励磁激振源的分析和研究

利用发电机作为激振源和借助于励磁电压与电流附加变频交流分量激发大型汽轮发电机组轴系扭振并实测其固有扭频，是一种较新的测试方法。该文对一台进口２２０ＭＷ机组发电机在不同运行工况下作为激振源时变频励磁激振的可行性及其效果进行了分析和计算，所得的结论可为变频励磁激振的实施提供依据。     

高压变频器在特殊钢工业供水系统上的节能应用

阐述国产高压变频装置在宝铜股份特殊钢分公司工业供水系统中450kW供水机组中的应用情况。着重介绍水泵采用变频装置的改造方法和设备选型,分析变频改造后的经济效益和社会综合效益。     

新型风电机组传动原理的试验研究

文章针对新型风电机组传动原理的验证问题,设计并搭建了试验台进行研究。试验系统由差动模块、电机模块和控制模块组成。以具有"双输入-单输出"功能的差动齿轮箱为传动核心,变频电机模拟风轮以变转速输入,通过上位机程序控制伺服电机的转速,调节输出端同步发电机的转速至稳定,并用传感器采集了关键构件的转速、转矩等运行数据。通过分析关键构件转速调节和功率耦合特性的相关试验数据,表明了新型差动调速风电机组具有传动原理可行性。     

发电机电气量采集与故障录波装置研制与应用

丰满发电厂自行研制的FCGL2008B型发电机电气量采集与故障录波装置成功地在丰满发电厂多台机组上得到应用。文中介绍了该装置的构成原理及技术特点,所采用的NI LabVIEW图形化编程软件和CompactRIO可编程控制器相结合的设计方案,有效提高了该装置的性能,为现场电力系统电气量采集与故障录波装置研究应用提供技术参考。     

某项目690 V变频装置电气配置策略

指出现有中小型供热机组发电厂设置690 V变频装置的意义。通过对国内某热电厂690 V变频装置电气配置接线进行分析,总结出690 V变频装置电气配置策略。项目实施后可以满足国家设计规范,同时保证具有较高安全系数,在运行过程中达到稳定节能的功效。     

Gas-turbine performance improvements

The use of gas turbines is increasing for producing electricity, operating airplanes and for various industrial applications. In the last three decades, improvements in gas turbines have shown their success in increasing the amount of energy output from power stations. This is because of advances in metallurgical science and especially the materials used in gas turbines, so that it is possible nowadays to have a very efficient gas turbine with longer working life. This study has concentrated on the improvements of parameters concerned with the performances of gas turbines [i.e. net work output, thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption (SFC), turbine and compressor efficiencies, compressor's inlet temperature and turbine's inlet temperature]. The data were taken for the Rehab power station in Jordan. The results showed that the plant improvements undertaken involve the study of a wide range of different parameters affecting the performance of the turbine, the most important of which are those which increase the plant's efficiency and decrease the energy cost.     

Nonlinear design-point performance adaptation approaches and their comparisons for gas turbine applications

Accurate performance simulation and understanding of gas turbine engines is very useful for gas turbine manufacturers and users alike and such a simulation normally starts from its design point. When some of the engine component parameters for an existing engine are not available, they must be estimated in order that the performance analysis can be started. Therefore, the simulated design point performance of an engine may be slightly different from its actual performance. In this paper, two nonlinear gas turbine design-point performance adaptation approaches have been presented to best estimate the unknown component parameters and match available design point engine performance, one using a nonlinear matrix inverse adaptation method and the other using a Genetic Algorithm-based adaptation approach. The advantages and disadvantages of the two adaptation methods have been compared with each other. In the approaches, the component parameters may be compressor pressure ratios and efficiencies, turbine entry temperature, turbine efficiencies, engine mass flow rate, cooling flows, and bypass ratio, etc. The engine performance parameters may be thrust and SFC for aero engines, shaft power, and thermal efficiency for industrial engines, gas path pressures, temperatures, etc. To select the most appropriate to-be-adapted component parameters, a sensitivity bar chart is used to analyze the sensitivity of all potential component parameters against the engine performance parameters. The two adaptation approaches have been applied to a model gas turbine engine. The application shows that the sensitivity bar chart is very useful in the selection of the to-be-adapted component parameters, and both adaptation approaches are able to produce good quality engine models at design point. The comparison of the two adaptation methods shows that the nonlinear matrix inverse method is faster and more accurate, while the genetic algorithm-based adaptation method is more robust but slower. Theoretically, both adaptation methods can be extended to other gas turbine engine performance modelling applications.     

Nonlinear design-point performance adaptation approaches and their comparisons for gas turbine applications

Accurate performance simulation and understanding of gas turbine engines is very useful for gas turbine manufacturers and users alike and such a simulation normally starts from its design point. When some of the engine component parameters for an existing engine are not available, they must be estimated in order that the performance analysis can be started. Therefore, the simulated design point performance of an engine may be slightly different from its actual performance. In this paper, two nonlinear gas turbine design-point performance adaptation approaches have been presented to best estimate the unknown component parameters and match available design point engine performance, one using a nonlinear matrix inverse adaptation method and the other using a Genetic Algorithm-based adaptation approach. The advantages and disadvantages of the two adaptation methods have been compared with each other. In the approaches, the component parameters may be compressor pressure ratios and efficiencies, turbine entry temperature, turbine efficiencies, engine mass flow rate, cooling flows, and by-pass ratio, etc. The engine performance parameters may be thrust and SFC for aero engines, shaft power, and thermal efficiency for industrial engines, gas path pressures, temperatures, etc. To select the most appropriate to-be-adapted component parameters, a sensitivity bar chart is used to analyze the sensitivity of all potential component parameters against the engine performance parameters. The two adaptation approaches have been applied to a model gas turbine engine. The application shows that the sensitivity bar chart is very useful in the selection of the to-be-adapted component parameters, and both adaptation approaches are able to produce good quality engine models at design point. The comparison of the two adaptation methods shows that the nonlinear matrix inverse method is faster and more accurate, while the genetic algorithm-based adaptation method is more robust but slower. Theoretically, both adaptation methods can be extended to other gas turbine engine performance modelling applications.     

GA-based design-point performance adaptation and its comparison with ICM-based approach

Accurate performance simulation and estimation of gas turbine engines is very useful for gas turbine manufacturers and users alike and such a simulation normally starts from its design-point. When some of the engine component parameters for an existing engine are not available, they must be estimated in order that the performance analysis can be started. Therefore, the simulated design-point performance of an engine may be slightly different from its actual performance. In this paper, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) based non-linear gas turbine design-point performance adaptation approach has been presented to best estimate the unknown component parameters and match available design-point engine performance. In the approach, the component parameters may be compressor pressure ratios and efficiencies, turbine entry temperature, turbine efficiencies, engine mass flow rate, cooling flows, by-pass ratio, etc. The engine performance parameters may be thrust and SFC for aero engines, shaft power and thermal efficiency for industrial engines, gas path pressures and temperatures, etc. To select the most appropriate to-be-adapted component parameters, a sensitivity analysis is used to analyze the sensitivity of all potential component parameters against the engine performance parameters. The adaptation approach has been applied to an industrial gas turbine engine to test the effectiveness of the approach. The approach has also been compared with a non-linear Influence Coefficient Matrix (ICM) based adaptation method and the advantages and disadvantages of the two adaptation methods have been compared with each other. The application shows that the sensitivity analysis is very useful in the selection of the to-be-adapted component parameters and the GA-based adaptation approach is able to produce good quality engine models at design-point. Compared with the non-linear ICM-based method, the GA-based performance adaptation method is more robust but slower in computation and relatively less accurate.     

Technologies for increasing CO2 concentration in exhaust gas from natural gas-fired power production with post-combustion, amine-based CO2 capture

Enhanced CO₂ concentration in exhaust gas is regarded as a potentially effective method to reduce the high electrical efficiency penalty caused by CO₂ chemical absorption in post-combustion capture systems. The present work evaluates the effect of increasing CO₂ concentration in the exhaust gas of gas turbine based power plant by four different methods: exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), humidification (EvGT), supplementary firing (SFC) and external firing (EFC). Efforts have been focused on the impacts on cycle efficiency, combustion, gas turbine components, and cost. The results show that the combined cycle with EGR has the capability to change the molar fraction of CO₂ with the largest range, from 3.8 mol% to at least 10 mol%, and with the highest electrical efficiency. The EvGT cycle has relatively low additional cost impact as it does not require any bottoming cycle. The externally fired method was found to have the minimum impacts on both combustion and turbomachinery.     

Experimental study of the functionality of a semisubmersible wind turbine combined with flap-type Wave Energy Converters

In the present paper the functionality of the Semisubmersible wind energy and Flap-type wave energy Converter (SFC) is examined experimentally. In order to study the functionality of the SFC, the focus is on operational environmental conditions. SFC is a combined concept that utilizes offshore wind energy and ocean wave energy for power production. Details are presented as far as the physical modelling of the wind turbine with the use of a redesigned small-scale rotor and of the Power Take-Off mechanism of the Wave Energy Converters (WECs) with the use of a configuration that is based on a mechanical rotary damper. Tests with quasi-static excitation, motion decay, regular and irregular waves without and with wind that is uniform are conducted on an 1:50 scale physical model. The experimental data are compared with numerical predictions obtained by a fully coupled numerical model using Simo/Riflex tool. A good agreement is observed between experimental and numerical predictions. The combined operation of WECs doesn't affect the tension of mooring lines nor the acceleration of nacelle and the bending moment in tower's base. The produced power of the WECs of the SFC and consequently the functionality of the SFC is estimated.     

燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组汽轮机冷态预暖控制策略优化与应用

为了缩短冷态启动过程中联合循环同轴机组汽轮机的启动时间,通过启动锅炉蒸汽对汽轮机提前预暖,解决了机组无法快速响应电网调峰的问题。根据汽轮机冷态预暖系统及机组启动方式,结合机组冷态启动历史过程及数据,进行冷态预暖系统运行特性分析试验、优化后试验及温态启动顺控试验,通过对现有控制逻辑的优化,提出了一种全新的冷态预暖控制策略。结果表明：该策略避免了机组在预暖启动过程中由于预暖管道过热度低,造成热应力准则、紧急切断阀（Emergency Shutoff Valve,ESV）无法满足启动条件、高排逆止阀自动打开以及静止变频启动装置（Static Frequency Convertor,SFC）在燃气轮机与汽轮机啮合过程中自动退出等问题;优化后机组的冷态预暖启动运行过程表明,实现机组全过程无断点的预暖及自启动控制,可有效缩短同轴联合循环机组冷态启动时间约2 h,使机组具备快速灵活的启动方式和应急调峰的能力。     

中低热值中小型燃气轮机选型实例

简述用于燃气轮机的常见中低热值燃料气并列举了对应中小型燃气轮机机型,详细介绍了中低热值中小型燃气轮机及余热利用主机选型方案过程中的基本思路、部分注意事项,并简述一选型应用实例。本文可为潜在用户在中低热值中小型燃气轮机项目前期的主机选型提供参考。