二维天线的冲激响应

本文从夫累涅尔-基尔霍夫标量衍射场方程出发,导出了并馈和串馈矩形天线在口径分布可分离时的冲激响应,以及并馈和中心串馈圆形天线在口径分布圆对称时的冲激响应它们都可以用口径幅度分布表达出来。     

口径天线在远场区的冲激响应的含义和适用范围——兼评“也谈口径天线辐射场的瞬态特性”

本文阐明了在使用口径天线在远场区的冲激响应的概念时,远场区是对激励天线的实际信号而言,并非对为求冲激响应而施加在天线上的δ函数而言;远场区的冲激响应在距离上的适用范围决定于激励信号的频率范围。     

口径天线的阻挡

本文着重讨论了阻挡体对具有任意分布函数和任意形状的口径天线的影响,导出了通用的公式,提出了相应的设计准则。同时对馈源、支撑等阻挡体的形状、数量和布局的选择也进行了讨论。无疑,这些讨论对天线和结构的最佳设计都是有益的。     

共口径波束可控双缝隙耦合微带天线阵设计

针对波束倾角可控天线的小型化和低成本,设计了宽频带双缝隙耦合矩形微带天线单元,组成1×8元线阵,采用2套基于Wilkinson不等功分器的馈电网络实现切比雪夫的幅度分布。具有不同相位差的2套馈电网络,通过不同的缝隙耦合对同一微带单元口径面馈电,分别形成了2种倾角的波束。仿真结果表明,共口径双缝隙耦合微带天线阵实现了90°和75°两种波束倾角的可控切换,是一种体积小、造价低的方向图可重构天线。     

球面近场下相控阵天线口径诊断研究

在近场测量系统中,天线口径诊断是其中一项重要功能,它能够帮助天线设计师发现相控阵天线设计或者网络配置问题.平面近场中的口径诊断技术已经广泛地应用在雷达天线测试中,在球面近场测量中同样需要这种算法.本文基于球面坐标系下电磁场模式方法,得到球面近场条件下的口径反演算法.在仿真模型中计算得到了被测天线的口径场分布,计算结果与理论模型结果吻合.对X波段阵列天线进行了实际测试,得到了不同配置下的阵列天线口径反演结果,经过数据比对,证明了本文算法的幅度反演精度优于1 dB.     

矩形栅格圆口径平面相控阵天线方向图计算

针对机载相控阵雷达天线受机头圆柱形设备舱约束的条件,研究了矩形栅格圆口径平面相控阵天线的方向图,建立数学模型并对其进行了公式推导和计算机仿真。同时将该天线与同等规模的矩形口径平面阵天线方向图特性进行了对比分析,结果表明:前者通过展宽主波束宽度和抬高旁瓣间交叉电平深度获得了优于后者的抗干扰性能的结论。     

双频共口径双馈天线的研制

研究双频共口径双馈天线的设计方法,并用ANSFOT分析软件对天线电特性进行仿真分析,依据此分析结果,研制天线实物样机。样机电参数测量结果表明,双馈口天线两端口的隔离度达到了35.4 dB,方向图全向不圆度小于2 dB,增益大于5 dB,从而证明了设计方法的有效性。     

端馈阵列天线的冲激响应

正 (一)引言 在各种军用和民用雷达中,广泛使用各种型式的端馈阵列天线。这种天线在脉冲信号激励时产生的瞬变过程会影响雷达系统的角分辨力、测角精度、杂乱回波电平、探测距离和距离分辨力。由于分析天线瞬变过程的有效工具是天线的冲激响应,因而它在雷达检测理论中是一个重要的特性函数。 但是,端馈阵列天线的冲激响应问题在现有文献中尚未得到系统的研究。文献[1]对     

基于FFT的近场——口径场变换方法

本文提出的近场－口径场变换方法基于探头与被测天线（AUT）的耦合方程,由Fourier变换求出AUT发射场的平面波谱的切向分量,然后由Fourier反变换求出被测天线口径场的切向分量,从而达到诊断天线口径场幅相分布的目的。口径场变换中的大部分计算采用了FFT算法,并且引入空间域的重构法,数值精度好,数据处理效率高,可以达到任意的诊断分辨率。通过数值模拟和诊断实验,说明了该方法的正确性和工程实用性。     

关于口径衍射的相似性

本文讨论了天线口径衍射场分布的相似性问题。对一定的口径分布，当口径特征尺寸、波长及观察平面至口面的距离改变时，衍射场分布存在两种不同的相似性。即电尺寸恒定性的“严格相似性”及电尺寸变化时的“近相似性”。     

Impulse responses of aperture antennas with arbitrary aperture distributions

On the basis of the equation of the Fresnel-Kirchhoff scalar diffraction field, it is shown that the impulse responses of parallel-fed aperture antennas of arbitrary configuration with arbitrary aperture amplitude distributions and those of end-fed rectangular aperture antennas with arbitrary aperture amplitude distributions can all be expressed by the aperture amplitude distributions, and that the impulse responses of rectangular aperture antennas with separable aperture distributions and those of circular aperture antennas with circularly symmetric distributions are special cases of the above general ones.     

Impulse responses of two-dimensional antennas

On the basis of the equation of the Fresnel-Kirchhoff scalar diffraction field, the impulse responses of parallel-fed and series-fed rectangular antennas with separable aperture distributions and the impulse responses of parallel-fed and center-series-fed circular antennas with circularly symmetric distributions are derived—all of them can be expressed in the aperture amplitude distributions.     

Phase synthesis of antennas for a given radiation pattern in oneplane using piecewise linear aperture phase distribution

A phase-only method for the synthesis of planar aperture antennas for a given complex radiation pattern in one plane is reported. The problem is reduced to determining an appropriate aperture phase distribution in the form of a ruled function and solved for apertures with rectangular shape and an arbitrary amplitude distribution and for apertures of arbitrary shape and amplitude distribution. This method can be used for controlling the pattern of phased-array antennas. Results of computer modeling are presented     

Effects of a dielectric coating on leaky-wave long-slot waveguideantennas

A theoretical and experimental study is made of the effects of a dielectric of arbitrary thickness, permittivity, and loss tangent upon the aperture field distributions and the far-field radiation pattern characteristics of long-slot leaky-wave antennas cut on the broadwall of a rectangular waveguide and mounted in an infinite ground plane. The relevant integral equations for determining the aperture fields are developed and then solved using the moment method. Expressions for the far-field radiation patterns and isolation responses are developed. Calculated and experimental results for several antennas are presented and discussed     

Meandering long slot leaky-wave waveguide-antennas

A theoretical study is made of the aperture field distributions, the far-field amplitude patterns, and the mutual coupling characteristics of several long leaky-wave slot antennas cut on the broadwall of a rectangular waveguide mounted in an infinite ground plane. Straight long slots have high inner sidelobes in the far-field amplitude patterns, which reduces their utility as high-performance antennas. To reduce these sidelobes, a long slot may be meandered from waveguide centerline to sidewall and back to centerline in such a way to produce the desired radiation patterns. Calculated results for antennas of several meander patterns are presented and discussed     

Gaussian field expansions for large aperture antennas

An approximate theory of large aperture antennas is developed where aperture, Fresnel, and far fields are expressed in the form of Ganssian field expansions. First, aperture fields, i.e., aperture distributions, are expanded in orthogonal Hermite-Ganssian and Laguerre-Gaussian functions for antennas with rectangular and circular geometries, respectively. Then solution of the Fresnel-Kirchoff diffraction integrals yields the Fresnel and far field expansions. Care is taken to assure the direct transformability of the aperture fields. Optimal scale factors contained in the aperture field expansions are derived and lead to structured field distributions where sidelobes are added sequentially as more terms in the expansions are used in the computations. Tables of optimal scale factors and series coefficients are provided for cosine, truncated Ganssian and Taylor aperture distributions. Several examples are provided that demonstrate the usefulness of the formulas.     

Analysis and closed-form solutions of circular and rectangularapertures in the transverse plane of a circular waveguide

An analysis is carried out to determine the discontinuity susceptance of a circular or rectangular aperture in the transverse plane of a circular waveguide. Closed-form solutions based on the scattered amplitude calculations and aperture coupling theory are derived. Example solutions for a small circular aperture and a resonant rectangular aperture are given. The calculated results agree very well with the experiments. The results have many applications in the design of circular waveguide components and circular waveguide-backed aperture antennas     

多阶振幅量化加权二维固态有源相控阵天线的设计与分析

本文论述了一种多阶振幅量化二维固态有源相控阵天线获得低副瓣的口径设计方法,这种方法可适用于任意复杂口径天线。另外,对于由随机幅相误差和单元(或T/R组件)失效而引起的副瓣电平恶化和增益下降也进行了分析。     

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MULTI-STEP AMPLITUDE QUANTIZATION WEIGHTED 2-D SOLID-STATE ACTIVE PHASED ARRAY ANTENNAS

An aperture design technique using multi-step amplitude quantization for two-dimensional solid-state active phased arrays to achieve low sidelobe is described. It can be applied to antennas with arbitrary complex aperture. Also, the gain drop and sidelobe degradation due to random amplitude and phase errors and element (or T/R module) failures are investigated.