湿法超声机械镀锌-铝层的结构分析

提出了湿法超声机械镀Zn-Al复合镀层的工艺,采用湿法超声机械镀设备制备了Zn-Al复合镀层。采用金相显微镜、白光干涉仪、多功能扫描电子显微镜及其配备的能谱分析仪观察分析了镀层的结构形貌和镀层的化学成分。结果表明,在工件表面获得了一定厚度的锌-铝层,镀层主要由Zn、少量的Al、Sn和Fe构成,锌粉颗粒是镀层的主体,片状铝粉在镀层中分布不均匀;镀层表面细腻、均匀、平整,但镀层中铝的含量比施镀前混粉中铝的含量低。     

湿法超声机械镀锌–铝层的性能研究

以Q235钢片为基体,采用湿法超声机械镀制备Zn–Al复合镀层。用扫描电子显微镜及其配备的能谱仪分析了锌–铝复合镀层的表面形貌、断面形貌和元素组成,并用测厚仪、贴滤纸法和划格试验分别对镀层的厚度、孔隙率和结合力进行表征。结果表明,湿法超声机械镀Zn–Al复合镀层是由锌粉和铝粉颗粒相互镶嵌、填充所形成的致密堆积体,表面均匀、平整,与基体的结合强度高。镀层主要由锌、铝、锡和铁组成,铝的质量分数低于施镀前混合粉体中铝粉的质量分数。在考虑施镀过程中金属粉的损耗后,所得Zn–Al镀层的厚度满足预定的厚度(30μm)要求。     

复合机械镀锌工艺

介绍了一种新的机械镀锌工艺，即通过在机械镀过程中，添加少许惰性聚合物颗粒，形成复合镀层，使镀层表观及性能得到改善，镀层变得更加均匀，并且增强了镀层的耐蚀性和耐磨性，提高了锌粉的利用率。     

机械镀锌-镍合金工艺的研究

在机械镀锌、锌-铝工艺的基础上,通过调整活化剂和促进剂的种类及用量,研制开发了机械镀锌-镍合金工艺.利用该工艺在钢基表面上得到了不同配比的锌-镍以及锌-铝-镍合金镀层.对这些镀层进行5%NaCl溶液喷雾加速腐蚀试验以及全浸加速腐蚀试验,并与机械镀锌层进行对比.结果表明,各种配比的锌-镍合金镀层的耐蚀性能皆好于机械镀锌层,并且随着镍含量的增加而提高;锌-铝-镍合金镀层的耐蚀性能比镀锌层提高7倍左右.     

机械镀锌用锌粉的选择

阐述了机械镀锌层的结构特征,是由金属锌组成的不均连均质体系。锌粉按粒径大小可分为普通锌粉、细锌粉和超细锌粉,按形状可分为球状锌粉、片状锌粉和不规则形状锌粉。分析了锌粉的粒径、颗粒形状、金属锌含量对机械镀锌层的影响。试验得出,超细混合锌粉是机械镀锌工艺较好的选择。     

影响湿法超声机械镀锌层性能的因素

湿法超声机械镀是一种基于超声加工的特种加工方法,该方法利用超声频电振荡信号产生的机械振动进行机械镀,可获得优良的镀层,镀层的耐腐蚀性较好。为了探究影响湿法超声机械镀镀锌层性能的因素,从锌粉粒径、冲击介质以及强化时间三因素进行实验研究。结果表明,随着锌粉粒径的减小,镀锌层的致密性、耐腐蚀性显著增加;随着玻璃珠尺寸的减小,镀锌层表面的粗糙度降低,致密性比较好;随着强化时间的增加,镀层表面质量提高,耐腐蚀性好。     

机械镀锌的电化学沉积过程初探

采用体视显微镜观察了机械镀锌过程中锌粉在工件(Q235钢)表面的吸附和沉积过程,运用电化学的基础理论分析了金属锌粉的沉积机理。研究结果表明,基层建立阶段,锌粉和Sn2 发生置换反应;镀层增厚阶段,锌粉和M2 发生置换反应。置换反应使工件表面和锌粉颗粒表面之间产生库仑引力,导致锌粉颗粒在工件表面沉积。     

汽车用钢板的耐蚀性研究

以有效增强汽车用钢板的耐蚀性为目标,开展试验研究。采用喷溅盐雾腐蚀法,在相同条件下分别考察了纯质钢板、镀锌钢板和镀锌-铝钢板的耐蚀性。结果表明:镀锌-铝钢板的腐蚀程度较轻,腐蚀速率较低。因铝粉的掺入影响了镀层的腐蚀进程,因而赋予镀锌-铝钢板较好的耐蚀性。     

CL-20基含铝炸药组分微结构对其爆炸释能特性的影响

为了改善铝粉在CL-20基含铝炸药中的反应动力学特性,利用溶剂-非溶剂法制备了CL-20/Al复合颗粒,实现了CL-20与Al在微结构上的紧密结合,通过直接法制备了由CL-20/Al复合颗粒构成的组分质量分数为85%CL-20/10%Al/5%黏结剂的含铝炸药,并与常规法制备的相同组成的CL-20基含铝炸药进行了机械感度、爆热、爆炸罐试验和圆筒试验等结果的对比。结果表明,CL-20/Al复合颗粒会使含铝炸药的撞击感度略有提高,而摩擦感度不变,但总体上对机械感度影响不大;通过CL-20/Al在微结构上的复合,缩短了Al粉与爆轰产物之间的扩散距离,可以显著改善Al粉的反应动力学性能,提高Al粉在含铝炸药爆炸过程中的反应完全性,促使部分Al粉在爆轰区内参与反应,相比于常规法制备的相同组成的含铝炸药,可使含铝炸药的爆热从6787J/g提高至6930J/g,爆炸罐内爆炸场最高温度从544.3℃提高至661.2℃,格尼系数由2.88mm/μs提高至3.10mm/μs。     

机械研磨电镀锌-铁合金镀层及其耐蚀性的研究

在电镀锌-铁合金镀层的过程中施加机械研磨作用,制得机械研磨电镀锌-铁合金镀层。采用扫描电子显微镜观察了镀层的微观形貌,并采用电化学试验研究了镀层在3.5%的NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:与普通锌-铁合金镀层相比,机械研磨电镀锌-铁合金镀层的组织结构致密,晶粒达到了纳米晶尺寸,耐蚀性更好。     

Al@GAP复合粒子对LLM-105热分解性能的影响

为防止铝粉在存储中氧化失活,同时为含铝炸药配方设计提供借鉴,采用聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)对不同尺寸Al粉(平均粒径分别为50nm和1~2μm)进行包覆改性,获得Al@GAP复合粒子;采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)表征其形貌;用差示扫描量热法(DSC)对不同质量比的(Al@GAP)/LLM-105混合体系的热分解过程进行了研究。结果表明,采用两步包覆法获得了不同尺寸Al粉表面包覆GAP的核壳结构复合粒子;相较于包覆前的微米级Al粉,加入GAP包覆的纳米Al粉后混合体系的热分解峰温明显降低;当Al粉质量分数大于10%时,GAP包覆后的(Al@GAP)/LLM-105混合体系的熵变(ΔS~≠)和焓变(ΔH~≠)较Al/LLM-105混合体系有所减小;(Al@GAP)/LLM-105混合体系的活化能、热爆炸临界温度及热力学参数ΔS~≠和ΔH~≠随纳米Al粉含量的增加而降低,当Al粉质量分数为30%时,较LLM-105分别降低4kJ/mol、3℃、4.3J/(mol·K)、4.2kJ/mol。     

微米铝粉在声场中的振荡燃烧特性

为了解声场中铝粉的燃烧特性,建立了甲烷平面燃烧器,利用外置喇叭产生振荡,进行了微米级铝粉的燃烧实验。研究了铝粉在不同振荡频率下的分布燃烧响应特性及粒径分别为10、20、30μm的3种铝粉颗粒的燃烧特性和产物的阻尼特性。结果表明,振荡频率不同时,铝粉燃烧对振荡压强的增益作用不同,粒径为20μm铝粉燃烧,在振荡频率200Hz和300Hz时增益作用明显。铝粉粒度越大,分布燃烧增益越大。粒径为10μm铝粉对燃烧器高频振荡阻尼最大。随着铝粉粒度增加,燃烧产物颗粒对高频压强振荡的阻尼减小。     

PDA包覆铝粉及其在HTPB中的分散稳定性

通过原位多巴胺(DA)聚合法在铝粉表面包覆聚多巴胺(PDA),制备了Al@PDA复合颗粒;采用SEM表征不同DA质量浓度下Al@PDA的表面形貌。用XRD测试铝粉包覆前后的晶型;采用XPS分析Al@PDA的表面元素组成;通过沉降法研究了铝粉和Al@PDA在HTPB中的分散稳定性;通过制备固化胶并切片取样观察固体颗粒在HTPB中的分散情况。结果表明,当DA质量浓度为3.5g/L时对铝粉的包覆效果最好,在铝粉表面形成牢固的PDA薄膜;包覆前后Al的晶型没有改变;XPS在Al@PDA表面检测到的C-OH、C=O组分和π-π共轭结构证实了PDA包覆层的存在。沉降24h后Al-HTPB体系出现分层,而Al@PDA-HTPB体系仍然颜色均一,表明Al@PDA在HTPB中的分散稳定性明显优于原料铝粉。     

Properties of Ultrafine Aluminum Powder Stabilized by Aluminum Diboride

The paper studies properties of an ultrafine aluminum powder produced by electric explosions of conductors, whose particles are stabilized by coating with aluminum diboride immediately during the synthesis of the powder. The ultrafine aluminum powder stabilized in such a manner has special properties: narrow particle size distribution, increased dispersity, and higher resistance to oxidation upon heating.     

The effect of surface modification of aluminum powder on its flowability, combustion and reactivity

Surface modification of aluminum powders for the purpose of flow improvement was performed and several samples were prepared. Correlations between the flowability and reactivity for these powders as well as for the initial untreated aluminum powder were established. The powders were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), particle size distribution, angle of repose flowability test, Constant Volume Explosion (CVE) combustion test, and Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). The surface modification of micron-sized aluminum powders was done by: (1) dry coating nano-particles of silica, titania and carbon black onto the surface of spherical aluminum powders and (2) chemically and physically altering the surface properties of the same powders with methyltrichlorosilane. All surface modifications improved flowability of the powders. CVE measurements indicate that powders with an improved flowability exhibit improved combustion characteristics if the powder treatment does not add an inert component to aluminum. The TGA results do not show significant differences in the reactivity of various powders. Based on combined flowability and CVE characteristics, the silane modified material gave the best results followed by the powders dry coated with carbon, titania and silica, respectively.     

Characterization of particle size evolution of the deposited layer during electrostatic powder coating processes

This experimental study investigated particle size evolution in deposited layers during typical electrostatic powder coating processes, using two powder (coarse and ultrafine) systems. Results disclosed that powder coating is a size-selective process in which the motions of in-flight particles are size-dependent. As a result, particles deposited on different regions of the substrate present some size discrepancy which accounts for a size-decreasing tendency along radial direction for both powders. In comparison with coarse powder, however, ultrafine powder can greatly alleviate the size discrepancy. Furthermore, it was also revealed that, due to the size-selective effect, locally deposited particles are with narrower size distributions than the original particles. The study still demonstrated that small particles are more prone to adhere on the substrate in coarse powder coating processes while large particles take the priority to deposit in ultrafine powder coating processes, due to different dominant factors. However, because of the intensifying back corona, the deposited particles show a size-decreasing tendency with extended spraying duration, which is commonly exhibited in both coarse and ultrafine powder coating processes. Nevertheless, in this study it was also found that charging voltage plays a limited influence on the size evolution.     

Effects of different nano-agglomerated powders on the microstructures of PS-PVD YSZ coatings

Plasma spray physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) is a technology that combines the advantages of traditional atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) and electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). As the feedstock of the PS-PVD, nano-agglomerated powder is critical on determining the microstructure of the obtained coating. In this study, a method to characterize the cohesion of nano-agglomerated powders was investigated. The nano-agglomerated powders fractured into smaller particles under ultrasonic waves. Their particle size distributions were measured to quantitatively compare their cohesiveness. The change rate in the percentage of powders with particle size less than 5 μm was selected as the value for the cohesion comparison. A high change rate corresponded to a faster fracture and lower powder cohesion. Furthermore, the fracture behavior and heat and mass transfer process of nano-agglomerated powders in the plasma torch were studied by combining 3-D simulation and observation of the microstructures of PS-PVD coatings sprayed with different powders. To obtain a quasi-columnar coating, the nano-agglomerated powder required high cohesion. Finally, a suitable powder was selected and quasi-columnar structure coatings were obtained by optimizing the PS-PVD parameters.     

A study of the structural and morphological properties of Ni–ferrite,Zn–ferrite and Ni–Zn–ferrites functionalized with starch

Zinc–ferrite, nickel–ferrite and mixed nickel–zinc ferrites were successfully synthesized via the thermal decomposition method from acetylacetonate complexes. To control the particle size and enhance dispersibility in an aqueous medium, starch, a natural and biocompatible compound, was used for the first time for coating such magnetic powders. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) was performed to study the structural properties of all samples. The presence of a single-phase spinel structure as well as the cation distribution in both sites of all investigated magnetic powders was confirmed. The values of unit cell parameters obtained from the results of the Rietveld analysis decreased, while the average crystallite size increased with increasing Ni²⁺ content. The average microstrain parameters unambiguously showed a change in the spinel structure with cation distribution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses were also utilized to characterize the synthesized materials, corroborating the XRPD data. The obtained results indicated that functionalization by starch was successfully achieved.     

不同溶剂对锌基涂层耐蚀性的影响

利用片状锌粉、铝粉、铬酐及其它有机物配制的锌基涂料具有良好的结合力和耐蚀性。探讨了不同溶剂对涂层的影响，涂层的耐蚀性以及其形貌结构。结果表明，所得涂层致密，耐蚀性比同厚度的锌镀层及镀锌钝化层要高得多。     

Formation of a Polymer-Coated Inclusion Complex of D-Limonene and β-Cyclodextrin by Spray Drying

The polymer-coated inclusion complex powder formation of D-limonene and β-cyclodextrin obtained by spray drying was investigated with respect to the effects of various types of polymer coating agents on the powder particle size and morphology. The addition of the polymer coating agent affected the average particle size, morphology, and internal structures of the spray-dried powders. The average particle diameter of the uncoated spray-dried powders was approximately 5 µm. The powder particle size increased upon the addition of a polymer coating reagent. With the addition of 9 wt% of the polymer coating agent, an average diameter of approximately 80 µm was obtained for the spray-dried powder particles. However, further addition showed a negligible effect on the particle size. Inclusion complex crystals were observed on the surface and inside of the powder particles.