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用于水/氢同位素交换的P_t/SDB疏水性催化剂的研究 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
一、前言 随着核工业的发展,各种核设施不断产生大量的含氚轻水或重水。考虑到工作人员的安全和防止天然水源的污染,必须除去水中的氚。许多学者在这方面作了大量的工作。这里主要介绍铂/聚苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯(Pt/SDB)疏水性催化剂的制备及水/氢间T-H交换实验。 相似文献
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水-氢同位素汽-气并流催化交换反应动力学研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在憎水催化剂的作用下,于固定反应床中研究了水-氢同位素汽-气并流催化交换反应的宏观动力学,讨论了该反应的速率方程和反应级数,比较了反应温度和所研制的3种憎水催化剂对反应速率常数的影响关系.研究结果表明,在本工作所拟订的实验条件下,该反应具有一级反应的动力学特征;温度对反应速率常数的影响服从阿仑尼乌斯公式,温度越高,反应的速率常数越大;Pt-SDB类催化剂的活化能小于Pt-C-PTFE类催化剂. 相似文献
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固体表面吸附的氢同位素具有自发与气相氢同位素交换并达到某种程度平衡的性质,这种交换作用在金属氢化物表面同样存在.由于金属氢化物体系一般具有氢同位素效应,使得交换平衡时气-固相间的同位素丰度发生变化.利用这种性质可以进行金属氢化物柱内氢同位素间的置换,实现工程方面的应用. 相似文献
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采用外部电极电容耦合的RF辉光放电装置研究了乙烯基三甲基硅烷(VTMS)与苯(Bz)、苯乙烯(St)以及六氟丙烯(HFP)的等离子体共聚合。用IR、ESCA、PGC/MS和X射线对聚合物结构进行表征,证明乙烯基三甲基硅烷与苯、苯乙烯以及六氟丙烯可进行共聚合。C/Si比的增加表明苯、苯乙烯和六氟丙烯的嵌入导致聚合物组成的变化,Si含量相对较低。共聚物中无Si-H键的形成。 相似文献
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《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(6):647-654
Ab initio molecular orbital calculation was performed for uranyl (VI) monomer and dimer complexes with some water molecules and/or hydroxide ions. The Raman active frequencies were calculated for each complex after structural optimization in vacuum state, and investigated the molecular structure and the charge distribution. For uranyl monomer, the calculated Raman frequencies for uranyl with 5 or 6 water molecules show good agreement with experimental Raman frequencies for uranyl hydrates. On the contrary, the calculation underestimates the Raman frequency in case of hydroxide ions in uranyl complex. The calculation models for uranyl dimer were made from [UO2(H2O)5]2+, then the hydroxide ions bridging model, [(UO2)2(OH)2(H2O)6]2+, is more stable than water molecules bridging, [(UO2)2(H2O)8]4+, and the theoretical Raman frequency and uranyl bond lengths have the good coincidence with those of experiments. The calculated uranyl bond length of dimer is slightly longer than that of monomer. Also, the charge of oxygen atom in uranyl shows larger change than that of uranium atom between dimer and monomer. And this charge distribution is mostly influenced by the charge donation of ligands. If only same ligands are surrounding, the number of ligands influenced this charge distribution. 相似文献
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采用液体成膜法制备了Al2O3:C光致荧光剂量计(OSLD),开展了剂量学性能的初步研究。退火后本底为0.03 mGy,均匀性优于2%,在0.02 mGy~10 Gy测量范围内具有良好线性响应,线性相关系数R2=0.999 6,对β、γ射线响应系数差异约10%,对中子响应系数约为β、γ射线的4%~7%,剂量计多次测量响应信号无明显衰减,照后两个月响应变化为5%,可用于一定周期内剂量存档、复测。上述结果表明,液体成膜方法制备的OSLD具有良好的剂量学性能,证明该方法可行。 相似文献
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添加Al2O3和SiO2的大晶粒UO2芯块制备研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了Al2O3和SiO2添加剂对UO2芯块晶粒尺寸的影响.结果表明:加入少量的Al2O3和SiO2,可有效促进烧结过程中UO2芯块的晶粒度长大,过量加入则会阻碍烧结过程中UO2芯块的致密化;在添加量一定的情况下,添加不同比例的Al2O3和SiO2,对芯块晶粒尺寸有较大影响,只添加SiO2,对芯块晶粒尺寸影响不大,Al2O3添加量增加,芯块晶粒尺寸随之增加;添加Al2O3和SiO2促进UO2芯块晶粒长大的机制是在烧结期间发生了液相烧结. 相似文献
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计算模拟应用于氢同位素分离领域,能够方便、快捷地进行工艺条件分析。本工作采用数值模拟的方法对比研究了水-氢催化交换过程中HD/H_2O、DT/D2O和HT/H_2O三种氢同位素体系的分离性能。研究表明:在一定工艺条件下,三种体系均在操作温度为343K时达到最大的分离效果;随着气液比从1.0增大到3.0,最优操作温度均从343K降低到323K,但是在此过程中,HT/H_2O体系的分离效果受温度的影响较小一些;在达到最大分离效果的目标下,HT/H_2O体系需要的理论塔板数比HD/H_2O和DT/D2O体系少,同时,在优化的工艺条件下,三体系气相中氢同位素浓度在交换柱内分布曲线存在一定的差异。 相似文献
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报道了用于加速器质谱计2 6 Al分析的Al2 O3的制备流程及2 6 Al的测量过程。制备的空白样品2 6 Al/ 2 7Al比值 <10 - 13,显示出同量异位素2 6 Mg干扰小。制备流程是成功的。 相似文献
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《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(11):1146-1153
The exchange reactions of n-octyl(pheny1)-N, N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO) in La(III), Nd(III), and U(VI) nitrate complexes with CMPO (La(III)-, Nd(III)-, and U(VI)-CMPO complexes) have been studied in CD3COCD3 by means of 31P NMR method. The number of CMPO coordinated to the first coordination sphere of La(III) ion was directly determined to be 3 by the area integrations of 31P NMR signals of free and coordinated CMPO molecules. The same coordination number of 3 was also obtained for the U(VI)-CMPO complex. The coordination number was not determined for the Nd(III)-CMPO complex, because of its paramagnetic behavior. The exchange rate constants of CMPO in La(III)- and U(VI)- CMPO complexes were obtained by the two-site exchange model. Paramagnetic line broadening was observed in the Nd(III)-CMPO complex and the rate constant for the exchange of CMPO was determined by the line-broadening method. The exchange rates of CMPO in La(III)- and Nd(III)-CMPO complexes depend on the free CMPO concentration ([CMPO]), while that in U(VI)-CMPO complex is independent of [CMPO]. The dissociative (D) and dissociative interchange (Id ) mechanisms were proposed for the exchange reactions in the La(III)- and Nd(III)-CMPO complexes, and dissociative (D) or Id mechanism was proposed for the U(VI)-CMPO complex. The dissociative rate constants (s?1) at 25°C and activation parameters ΔH# (kJ·mol?1) and ΔS# (J·K?1·mol?1) are 4.76x103, 28.7±0.1, ?78.4±0.2 for La(III)-CMPO complex, 4.72x103, 42.6±0.4, ?31.7±1.3 for Nd(III)-CMPO complex, and 3.20x103, 46.9±0.6, ?20.5±2.2 for U(VI)-CMPO complex, respectively. 相似文献