稀土氧化物Fe2O3-MnO2-Cr2O3-La2O3-CeO2系统棕色颜料的呈色影响

采用共沉淀法在低温下合成了含稀土氧化物La2O3、CeO2的棕色陶瓷颜料，并将合成的颜料应用于陶瓷高温釉料中，表明该颜料可以应用于1320℃的高温。此外，通过颜色测定、SEM、XRD及能谱分析等手段对颜料的颜色、粒度及结晶构造等进行了表征，并探讨了颜料的呈色机理。     

合成Co2O3—Cr2O3—F32O3—MnO2系高温黑颜料最佳工艺条件的探讨

本文介绍了Ｃｏ２Ｏ３－Ｃｒ２Ｏ３－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３－ＭｎＯ２系高温黑颜料的合成工艺，研究分析了四种氧化物的不同配比、混合及合成温度等工艺过程对颜料呈色的影响，从而确定了含钴量较低呈色纯正的Ｃｏ－Ｃｒ－Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ系高温颜料的最佳工艺条件，并利用过渡金属络合物吸收光谱理论对Ｃｏ、Ｃｒ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ四种元素的变价离子使含Ｂdisplay status     

掺杂Sm~(3+)对CeO_2基黄色颜料影响研究

采用固相合成法制备出具有不同x值的SmxCe4/5(1-x)Mo1/5(1-x)O(2-0.5x+δ)颜料,研究了Sm3+掺杂量对颜料晶体结构的影响,并对颜料呈色机理进行了分析。结果表明:Sm3+掺杂对颜料的颜色有较大的改变,Sm3+掺杂量从x=0到x=0.3时颜料为黄色,从x=0.36到x=0.5时颜料颜色由黄色向灰色转变。     

(ZnxCo1-x)2SiO4陶瓷颜料的制备及表征

采用超声辐射沉淀法制备了CoO -ZnO -SiO2 陶瓷颜料 ,采用X—射线衍射、颜色测量、扫描电镜观察等分析手段对颜料进行了表征。结果表明 :所获得的颜料平均粒度为 0 .2 -0 .5 μm的 (ZnxCo1 -x) 2 SiO4 固溶体无机颜料 ,随煅烧温度提高 ,颜料的固溶度提高。     

微乳液法制备CoAl2O4天蓝纳米陶瓷颜料

采用Span80-Tween60/正己醇/120#汽油体系,通过微乳液法制备了CoAl2O4天蓝纳米陶瓷颜料,通过XRD、TEM和颜色测定等对制备的纳米颜料进行了表征,重点研究了前驱液离子浓度对CoAl2O4纳米晶结构及颜色性能的影响.结果表明,随着前驱离子浓度增加,纳米晶的尺寸有所减小,团聚现象有所增加,颜料的色饱和度增加,主波长减小,明度出现极值.     

Cr2O3（CoO）—BaO—Al2O3—SiO2新型陶瓷颜料的合成及其应用

用ＢａＣＯ３，ＳｉＯ２，Ａｌ２Ｏ３，着色剂Ｃｒ２Ｏ３，ＣｏＯ以及矿化剂在１１８０℃左右合成钡长石颜料。本文从理论上进行了分析；通过正交实验法得出了影响钡长石颜料呈色的组份主次，及其合适的加入量；并探讨了钡长石颜料在各种不同基础釉中的适应性。     

硒化锌基颜料的研究

采用化学共沉淀法合成ＺｎＳｅ基颜料,确立了合理的制备工艺和化学组成。通过对试样进行ＸＲＤ、ＤＴＡ等分析,确定颜料的晶体结构、使用及性质。同时系统地研究了颜料试样的结构和光谱反射曲线,分析了颜料的颜色、性质和结构、呈色之间的关系,以及掺杂剂的掺杂量同颜料结构和性质之间的关系,讨论了ＺｎＳｅ基颜料的应用前景。     

硫化锌基颜料的研究

本文研究了硫化锌基颜料的形成机理、制备工艺及化学组成，利用ＸＲＤ和分光光度计测定颜料的晶相组成及光谱反射曲线，讨论了硫化锌基颜料的组成、结构和颜色之间的关系，并研究了掺杂剂的掺杂浓度和组成变化对硫化锌基颜料的性质尤其是颜色的影响。     

超声共沉淀法制备硅铁红陶瓷颜料

采用超声共沉淀法制备了硅铁红包裹型陶瓷颜料 ,采用X射线衍射、颜色测量、光学显微镜观察等分析手段对颜料进行了表征。研究了超声频率、超声作用时间、Si/Fe比、热处理温度以及矿化剂加入对颜料包裹率以及颜色的影响规律。结果表明 :超声波作用频率提高、时间延长以及配比中Si/Fe比的提高和矿化剂的加入有利于提高颜料中氧化铁的包裹率 ,但其对颜料的颜色的影响不大。煅烧温度的提高可以明显提高颜料的包裹率和明度 ,但在一定程度上降低了颜料的红度值     

Zn2+掺加的包覆型Fe2O3/SiO2颜料的制备及其呈色性能

包覆型Fe₂O₃/SiO₂颜料由于包覆完整性并不理想,该颜料高于800 ℃时呈色会产生变黑、变暗的问题。采用溶胶-凝胶法制备包覆型Fe₂O₃/SiO₂颜料,研究催化剂浓度、反应温度、硅/铁质量比等因素对包覆型Fe₂O₃/SiO₂颜料呈色性能的影响。在此基础上,通过掺加Zn²⁺,进行了Zn²⁺掺加的包覆型Fe₂O₃/SiO₂颜料的呈色性能研究。研究表明,当催化剂(氨水)浓度为0.75 mol/L,反应温度为40 ℃,硅/铁质量比m(SiO₂)/m(Fe₂O₃)为0.20,铁/锌摩尔比n(Fe)/n(Zn)为4时,制备得到的Zn²⁺掺加的包覆型Fe₂O₃/SiO₂颜料的呈色耐热性能获得明显提升,样品在850 ℃煅烧后仍然呈现出明亮的红橙色色调。     

钕-铝系稀土色料的研制

通过钕-铝系列色料合成实验,分析不同配比及不同矿化剂等对色料呈色效果的影响,确定最佳工艺方法。对实验结果进行XRD及色度分析,确定其主晶相为钕酸铝,试样的明度均在70以上,色彩鲜艳亮丽。     

Polycrystalline In2O3 and In2O3/Y2O3 photoanodes

Single crystal In₂O₃ shows promise as a photoanode for the decomposition of water. Because of various difficulties in the preparation of the single crystal material, two simple techniques were developed for the preparation of polycrystalline In₂O₃ anodes. One method involves the thermal decomposition of the nitrate while the other utilizes the chemical vapour deposition technique. Voltammograms and photoresponse spectra of these anodes are compared to the single crystal material. Among other observations, it is noted that the quantum efficiencies of the thermally decomposed films are comparable to the single crystal material. It is also shown that the on-set potential can be shifted to more negative values by forming the mixed oxide In₂O₃/Y₂O₃.     

Phase equilibrium in binary La2O3-Dy2O3 and ternary CeO2-La2O3-Dy2O3 systems

Cerium oxide doped with oxides of rare earth elements is a multifunctional material, a wide range of uses which is associated with its unique physicochemical properties. Phase diagrams of multicomponent systems are the physicochemical basis for the creation of new materials with improved characteristics.In this work, phase equilibria in ternary CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ and binary La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ systems in the whole concentration range were studied. No new phases have been identified in these systems. An isothermal section of the phase diagram of the CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ system at a temperature of 1500 °С is constructed. No new phases have been detected in the system. It was found that in the studied ternary system solid solutions are formed on the basis of (F) modification of CeO₂ with structure of fluorite type, monoclinic (B), cubic (C) and hexagonal (A) modifications of Ln₂O₃.In the La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ binary system (1500–1100 °С) three types of solid solutions are formed: based on hexagonal modification A-La₂O₃, monoclinic modification B-Dy₂O₃ and cubic modification C-Dy₂O₃ separated by two-phase fields (A+B) and (B+C), respectively. The boundaries of the regions of homogeneity of solid solutions based on A-La₂O₃ are determined by compositions containing 35–40, 20–25, 15–20 mol% Dy₂O₃ at 1500, 1250, 1100 °C, respectively. From the obtained data it follows that the solubility of Dy₂O₃ in the hexagonal modification of lanthanum oxide is 39 mol% at 1500 °C, 23 mol. % at 1250 °C and 16 mol% at 1100 °C. The limits of existence of solid solutions based on monoclinic B-modification are determined by compositions containing 30–35, 65–60 (1250 °С), 35–40, 55–60 (1100 °С) 40–45, 70–75 (1500 °C) mol% Dy₂O₃.In the studied system, with a decrease in temperature from 1500° to 1100°C, there is a decrease in the solubility of La₂O₃ in the crystal lattice of cubic solid solutions of C-type from 16 to 10 mol%.     

Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中铝、铁的反应行为

以Al2O3, Fe2O3和Na2CO3为原料,对Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中的反应行为进行了详细研究. 基于溶出率与时间、温度的关系,证明Na2O×Al2O3和Na2O×Fe2O3的生成反应动力学都服从Zhuralev-Lesokin-Tempelman模型,表观活化能分别为186.59和80.92 kJ/mol,表明Na2O×Fe2O3比Na2O×Al2O3在动力学上更易形成;Al2O3易与Na2O×Fe2O3反应形成Na2O×Al2O3和Fe2O3,在1273 K烧结30 min,所得熟料Al2O3溶出率达98.51%;Fe2O3对Na2O×Al2O3的形成有双重作用,在1273 K下可加速Na2O×Al2O3的形成,超过1323 K,促使Na2O×Al2O3分解成Na2O和b-Al2O3,且随着温度升高或时间延长,分解程度增高,从而导致熟料中Al2O3溶出率显著降低.     

Separation of Phases by Spinodal Decomposition in the Systems Al2O3−Cr2O3 and Al2O3−Cr2O3−Fe2O3

Separation of phases was investigated in the hexagonal (rhombohedral) systems Al₂O₃−Cr₂O₃ and Al₂O₃−Cr₂O₃−Fe₂O₃. The binary system shows a miscibility gap with a T_c of 950°C; the miscibility gap for the ternary system was determined for a constant Cr₂O₃ content of 16.6 mol%. Dark field transmission electron microscopy of solid solutions annealed within the miscibility gap showed dark and light lamellas ∼50 to 200 Å thick. X-ray diffraction results for the solid solutions in the ternary system indicated that, in the early stages of annealing, broadening occurred only on (hkl) reflections where l≠0. There was no major change in the X-ray diffraction patterns of the annealed solid solutions in the binary system. Electron diffraction results indicated, however, that phase separation in both systems proceeded in the [001] direction. Solid solutions in the binary system separated very slowly; the separation could be enhanced hydrothermally. The mechanism of the separation of phases in both systems is spinodal and proceeds as follows: solid solution→intermediate modulated phase→equilibrium phases.     

ß-Al2O3 synthesis from m-Al2O3

-Al₂O₃ formation fromm-Al₂O₃ was found by a new convenient technique. By thermal decomposition of a complex compound, trioxalatoaluminate Na _x (NH₄)_3–x [Al(C₂O₄)₃]yH₂O(0.091 x 0.333;y= 3), a very fine powder ofm-Al₂O₃ was formed. The decomposition process was examined by thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction and the phase relation of the system Na₂O-Al₂O₃ in the midtemperature region between 600 and 1200° C is discussed briefly. The tablet ofm-Al₂O₃ was fired at 1600° C for 30 min to prepare dense-Al₂O₃ ceramics, the apparent density of which was greater than 95% of the theoretical value. The sintered tablet was examined from the structural point of view and the electrical conductivity was measured by an a.c. method to verify that the procedure of the complex decomposition is a suitable technique for-Al₂O₃ synthesis.     

Bactericidal Effectiveness of O3, O3/H2O2 and O3/TiO2 on Clostridium perfringens

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the bactericidal capacity of different Advanced Oxidation Treatments (AOTs) based on ozone: ozone, ozone/hydrogen peroxide and ozone/titanium dioxide on a wild strain of Clostridium perfringens, a fecal bacterial indicator in drinking water. The dose of ozone consumed ranges from 0.6 mg L^?1 min^?1 to 5.13 mg L^?1 min^?1 depending on the process and on the sample. In the treatments combined with O₃, H₂O₂ dose utilized is 0.04 mM and TiO₂ dose, 1 g L^?1. In order to evaluate the influence of natural organic matter and suspension solids over the disinfection rate, treatments are performed with two types of water – natural water from Ebro River (Zaragoza, Spain) and NaCl solution 0.9%. To achieve 4 log units of inactivation, 3.6 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 4.25 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 2.7 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ after processing the natural water. In NaCl solution, to get the same inactivation, 0.42 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 1.15 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 0.06 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ process. Even though the three treatments studied have a high bactericidal activity due to the number of surviving bacteria decreases to non-detectable levels, O₃/H₂O₂ is the most effective system for eliminating C. perfringens cells in a lower contact time, followed by O₃ and finally O₃/TiO₂ system.     

Oxide/oxide composites in the system Cr2O3-Y2O3-Al2O3

Ceramic compacts in the systems Al₂O₃–Y₂O₃, Cr₂O₃–Y₂O₃ and Y₃(Cr_yAl_1-y)₅O₁₂ (Cr-doped YAG) were prepared by solid state reaction in calcined co-precipitated powder mixtures of appropriate compositions. Various solid-solution phases were formed, e.g. Y₃(Al_1-xCr_x)₅O₁₂, YAl_yCr_1-yO₃ and Al_2-xCr_xO₃. Composite materials in the pseudo-binary or ternary systems Al₂O₃–Y₃Al₅O₁₂, Cr₂O₃–Y₂O₃ and Y₃(Al_1–xCr_x)₅O₁₂–YAl_yCr_1–yO₃–(Al_zCr_1−z)₂O₃ were obtained by hot-pressing appropriate powder precursors at 1600–1650°C for 1 h. The microstructure of the prepared materials was studied in a scanning electron microscope with element analysis facilities. X-ray diffraction was used to reveal the phases present and their lattice parameters. The chemical compatibility of these phases was investigated. The results are discussed with a special emphasis on the solubility of Cr in the YAG structure, and on the compatibility relationship between Cr-doped YAG and its neighbouring phases. A gel-coating process for preparing Al₂O₃–YAG composites with tailored microstructures is also described.     

Cr_2O_3-Al_2O_3砖中不同组成Cr_2O_3-Al_2O_3电熔颗粒料的抗侵蚀研究

首先以不同比例的铬绿和氧化铝粉电熔制得Cr2O3质量分数分别为15%、40%、50%、60%、85%、99%的6种Cr2O3-Al2O3电熔颗粒料(其编号依次为CR15、CR40、CR50、CR60、CR85和CR99),然后采用回转渣蚀法研究了此电熔颗粒料(4~1 mm)的抗侵蚀性。结果显示:电熔颗粒料的抗侵蚀性随Cr2O3含量的增加及颗粒尺寸的增大而增强;高Cr2O3含量的CR99、CR85颗粒料在渣面层被侵蚀,主要是渣中的FeO和Al2O3对颗粒料的侵蚀,FeO与骨料中的Cr2O3反应,首先形成(Fe,Cr)3O4尖晶石,再与其他物相反应形成了复合尖晶石,当FeO耗尽后,渗入到颗粒内的Al2O3开始和Cr2O3反应,在颗粒表面形成铝铬固溶体;CR60颗粒料在渣面层和渗透层都存在侵蚀,渗透层的侵蚀主要是CaO、SiO2对颗粒料中铝铬固溶体中Al2O3的熔蚀,形成钙长石、钙黄长石以及玻璃相;Cr2O3含量较低的CR50、CR40、CR15颗粒料在渗透层内的侵蚀机制和CR60颗粒料的相同。