DPA体外抗炎活性及机制研究

以脂多糖(LPS)诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞为炎症的体外模型,以炎症介质【NO和前列腺素E2(PGE2)】和炎症因子(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6和IL-10)为指标,研究二十二碳五烯酸(DPA)的体外抗炎活性,并从NF-κB代谢通路的角度探究DPA体外抗炎活性的作用机制。结果表明,DPA可以显著抑制iNOS和COX-2的表达,抑制炎症介质NO和PGE2的分泌,并且,DPA通过调控促炎因子(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6)和抑炎因子(IL-10)的平衡发挥抗炎作用。Western blot结果表明,DPA显著抑制NF-κB代谢通路中p50和p65的磷酸化,限制p50/p65核内转移,抑制炎症级联反应,发挥抗炎作用。     

野生蒙古口蘑多糖通过STAT3和HIF-1α通路对LPS诱导的巨噬细胞发挥抗炎调节作用

研究蒙古口蘑多糖提取物对脂多糖(LPS)诱导小鼠单核巨噬细胞(RAW264.7细胞)炎症保护作用的机理。用不同预量质量浓度的蒙古口蘑多糖处理RAW264.7细胞,通过CCK-8法检测细胞活性;Griess法测定NO的产生量;酶联免疫吸附测定肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),白介素1β(IL-1β);实时定量检测缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)、诱导型一氧化氮和酶(iNOS)、核因子κB(NF-κB)、信号转导和转录激活因子3(STAT3)和环氧化酶2(COX-2)的mRNA表达量;免疫印迹检测HIF-1α、NF-κB、STAT3和COX-2蛋白质的表达量。结果表明,蒙古口蘑多糖提取物作用RAW264.7细胞的最大剂量为100μg/mL;与LPS模型组相比,蒙古口蘑多糖提取物质量浓度0.01、0.1、1、10μg/mL均能有效抑制NO(抑制率分别是38.21%、64.17%、58.16%和79.42%)、TNF-α(抑制率分别为27.91%、36.31%、36.14%、45.09%)和IL-1β(抑制率分别为47.75%、58.47%、60.21%、64.55%)的产生;在质量浓度为10μg/mL的蒙古口蘑多糖提取物作用下,除NF-κB外,HIF-1α、STAT3、COX-2和iNOS的mRNA的表达量均降低;免疫印迹的结果也显示,除NF-κB外,HIF-1α、NF-κB、STAT3及COX-2的蛋白质的表达量均有不同程度的降低。蒙古口蘑多糖提取物对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的RAW264.7细胞具有保护作用,其抗炎的机制主要通过JAK-STAT3及HIF-1α信号通路,而不主要通过NF-κB信号通路发挥作用。     

高核苷酸酵母水解物对脂多糖诱导RAW264.7细胞免疫调节的影响

为探讨高核苷酸酵母水解物对RAW264.7小鼠巨噬细胞免疫活性调节及其相关作用机制,采用脂多糖(1μg/mL)刺激RAW264.7细胞来建立体外细胞炎症模型,以不同质量浓度的高核苷酸酵母水解物干预来明确其抗炎效果。ELISA法检测细胞培养上清中白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)的含量,RT-PCR法检测相关mRNA表达水平,Western blot法检测细胞iNOS及胞核内核转录因子NF-κBp65蛋白水平。结果表明:高核苷酸酵母水解物作用RAW264.7细胞的安全范围≤150μg/mL。与LPS模型组相比,质量浓度60～150μg/mL的高核苷酸酵母水解物能显著增强RAW264.7吞噬能力,高核苷酸酵母水解物(60～150μg/mL)能有效抑制脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导RAW264.7细胞释放NO、TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6炎症因子及相关mRNA表达,降低iNOS及NF-κB蛋白水平。研究结果证实了高核苷酸酵母水解物对LPS刺激RAW264.7细胞炎症的保护作用,作用机制与NF-κB通路有关,为食疗干预慢性病提供一定的理论依据。     

羊栖菜多酚通过核转录因子-κB/丝裂原活化蛋白激酶通路缓解脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症反应

目的：研究羊栖菜多酚对脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide,LPS）诱导小鼠单核巨噬细胞白血病细胞RAW264.7细胞炎症反应的影响。方法：噻唑蓝法测定细胞活力;Griess法测定一氧化氮（NO）水平;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应测定白细胞介素（interleukin,IL）-6、IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子（tumor necrosis factor,TNF）-α、环氧合酶2（cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2）和诱导型一氧化氮合酶（inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS）的基因相对表达量;流式细胞术测定细胞吞噬能力;蛋白免疫印迹法测定信号通路丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（mitogen-activated protein kinases,MAPKs）和核转录因子（nuclear factor,NF）-κB信号通路关键蛋白表达水平。结果：羊栖菜多酚对RAW264.7细胞的安全质量浓度范围为0～160 μg/mL。与LPS组相比,羊栖菜多酚剂量依赖性降低巨噬细胞吞噬能力并抑制NO的生成。同时,羊栖菜多酚下调促炎细胞因子（IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α）和炎症诱导酶（iNOS、COX-2）的mRNA水平,且作用效果与给药剂量及LPS刺激时间相关。这些炎性介质的表达与羊栖菜多酚抑制p38 MAPK和NF-κB p65的激活有关。结论：羊栖菜多酚可通过减弱p38 MAPK和NF-κB p65信号通路的激活水平,抑制下游炎症介质的转录表达,从而缓解LPS诱导的巨噬细胞炎症反应。     

基于LPS诱导RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症模型的榴莲壳多酚抗炎作用及其分子机制

采用80%甲醇溶剂提取榴莲壳中多酚组分,并测定其总酚和总黄酮含量,基于体外化学方法和LPS诱导的RAW 264.7巨噬细胞炎症模型,探究榴莲壳的抗氧化和抗炎活性及其分子机制。结果表明,榴莲壳提取物富含多酚类化合物,具有较强的体外抗氧化活性,且在LPS诱导的RAW 264.7巨噬细胞炎症模型中能降低一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)和环氧合酶-2(COX-2)的表达,减少NO和ROS的产生,并降低炎症细胞因子(TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6)在基因和蛋白水平上的表达,从而展现较强的抗炎活性。其内在的分子机制可能是通过抑制IκB-α和p65蛋白磷酸化,降低NF-κB信号通路的表达,减少机体的炎症损伤。     

大蒜素对脂多糖诱导腹腔巨噬细胞炎症反应的抑制作用及机制

目的:探讨大蒜素对脂多糖(LPS)诱导小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞炎症反应的抑制作用及机制。方法:建立LPS诱导小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞炎症反应细胞模型,并用地塞米松和不同浓度大蒜素处理,MTT法检测细胞活力,中性红吞噬实验检测吞噬能力,Griess法检测一氧化氮(NO)及ELISA法检测COX-2酶活性和IL-6的分泌,qPCR检测环氧合酶2(COX-2)、一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)和IL-6的mRNA表达水平,Western Blot检测COX-2、iNOS和IL-6的蛋白表达以及核转录因子NF-κB p65及其磷酸化产物的相对表达。结果:大蒜素浓度在40~160 μg/mL范围内对腹腔巨噬细胞均无细胞毒性;与LPS组比较,大蒜素处理组能促进腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬能力,能显著(P<0.05)抑制炎症因子COX-2酶活性、NO和IL-6的分泌,能显著(P<0.05)抑制基因COX-2、iNOS和IL-6 mRNA和蛋白的相对表达,并极显著(P<0.01)抑制NF-κB p65信号通路的磷酸化。结论:大蒜素能显著抑制LPS诱导的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的炎症反应,其机制可能与抑制NF-κB信号通路激活有关。     

火龙果皮发酵物对脂多糖诱导RAW264.7细胞炎症的缓解作用

本文研究了火龙果皮发酵物(Fermented Hylocereus undulatus peel, FHP)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导RAW264.7细胞炎症的缓解作用及机制。通过干酪乳杆菌CICC20280发酵火龙果皮,制备FHP。采用50、100、200、400、800μg/m LFHP处理RAW264.7细胞,噻唑蓝比色法确定FHP细胞毒性。在此基础上,将细胞分为对照组、LPS组及FHP处理组,格里斯试剂法、DCFH-DA荧光法和ELISA分别检测各组细胞培养上清中一氧化氮(NO)、活性氧(ROS)和细胞因子(TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10)含量;RT-PCR检测NF-κB通路的信号转导元件TLR4/My D88/NF-κB及下游炎性因子的表达。结果显示:FHP作用RAW264.7细胞的安全浓度≤400μg/m L。与LPS组相比,FHP呈剂量依赖性地显著(p0.05)抑制细胞分泌NO、ROS、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6,平均抑制率76.40%、提高IL-10浓度,提高率达173.72%,同时极显著(p0.01)下调TLR4、My D88、NF-κB及TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的表达。综上可知:FHP对LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞炎症具有缓解作用,其抗炎活性通过抑制促炎介质并提高抑炎因子的水平实现,机制与沉默NF-κB通路的信号转导功能有关。     

紫甘蓝总花色苷提取物抑制脂多糖诱导RAW264.7细胞的炎症反应

探讨紫甘蓝总花色苷提取物对脂多糖(LPS,1μg/mL)诱导RAW264.7细胞炎症反应的影响。以不同质量浓度(1μg/mL、10μg/mL、50μg/mL)的紫甘蓝总花色苷提取物处理RAW264.7细胞后,试剂盒法分别检测一氧化氮(NO)和前列腺素E2(PGE_2)的分泌水平。酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-6和IL-8分泌水平。实时定量PCR(Quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)检测细胞中诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、环氧合酶-2(COX-2)、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和IL-8的m RNA表达水平。结果显示,紫甘蓝总花色苷提取物能有效下调iNOS与COX-2的m RNA表达,抑制NO和PGE_2的释放。特别地,高浓度的紫甘蓝总花色苷提取物(50μg/mL)能显著地抑制LPS所诱发的iNOS(65.80%)与COX-2(48.28%)的m RNA表达,降低NO(58.81%)和PGE_2(46.26%)的释放水平。同时,紫甘蓝总花色苷提取物还能显著下调TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和IL-8的m RNA表达水平,并抑制TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和IL-8的分泌。结果表明,紫甘蓝总花色苷提取物具有较强的抗炎活性,能够抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞所发生的炎症反应。     

蔓越莓提取物对脂多糖诱导RAW246.7细胞炎症反应的抑制作用

研究蔓越莓提取物对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导RAW246.7细胞炎症反应的抑制作用及其作用机制。筛选LPS浓度建立细胞炎症模型;采用噻唑蓝[3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide,MTT]法测定蔓越莓提取物对RAW246.7细胞活力的影响;利用4,6-联脒-2-苯基吲哚(4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole,DAPI)染色法观察蔓越莓提取物对细胞核形态的影响;采用荧光分析法测定一氧化氮合酶(nitric oxide synthase,NOS)的活力;酶联免疫吸附剂测定(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)试剂盒测定IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α细胞因子的水平;蛋白质印迹法(Western-Blot)法检测Nrf2/NF-κB通路相关蛋白的水平。实验结果显示5μg/m L的LPS建立炎症模型,LPS与细胞共培养24 h时炎症水平达到最高,蔓越莓提取物在5μg/m L~400μg/m L范围内对RAW246.7细胞无显著性毒性作用,细胞核形态完整,无明显损伤;与模型组比较,蔓越莓提取物在无毒性浓度范围内显著降低LPS诱导RAW246.7细胞炎症反应的NOS活力和IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α水平,且呈现出剂量依赖关系。Western-Blot实验结果显示蔓越莓提取物量效依赖性地降低Keap1、IKKα/β、NF-κBp65蛋白表达的水平,而上调了Nrf2、HO-1的蛋白表达水平。结果证明蔓越莓提取物能够有效地抑制LPS诱导的炎症反应,其作用机制可能与经典的抗氧化通路Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1和炎症通路NF-κBp65蛋白表达有关。     

桑葚提取物体外抗炎作用及机制的研究

本文采用脂多糖(LPS)刺激小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞RAW264.7,建立细胞体外的炎症模型,研究桑葚提取物对LPS诱导巨噬细胞RAW264.7分泌功能的影响及其作用机制。实验用1μg/mL LPS刺激RAW264.7细胞,在不同浓度样品的干预下,用MTT法检测不同浓度的样品对RAW264.7细胞的作用;用Griess法检测细胞液中NO的含量;用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测细胞液中PGE2含量;用免疫印迹法(Western Blot)和RT-PCR法检测桑葚提取物对细胞iNOS和COX-2表达的影响;用HPLC法检测桑葚提取物中白藜芦醇的含量。结果表明桑葚提取物浓度在0.5~2 mg/mL范围内对细胞生长无明显影响;在1~2 mg/mL范围内能有效抑制NO和PGE2的分泌并能有效抑制iNOS和COX-2的表达;桑葚提取物中白藜芦醇的含量为107.44±0.48μg/g。这表明桑葚提取物抑制炎症相关因子表达量,从而减弱促炎症反应,发挥抗炎功效,其抗炎活性可能与桑葚中含有较高的白藜芦醇相关。     

Anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Sargassum sagamianum in RAW 264.7 cells

Aim of the study is to evaluate the antiinflammatory effects of ethanolic extract of the marine brown alga Sargassum sagamianum collected from Yeonhwari coast of Korea. Ethanolic extract of S. sagamianum (SA-E extract) inhibited expression of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells without affecting cell viability. In addition, the expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 was suppressed by SA-E extract. Furthermore, the rate of formation of edema in the mouse ear was reduced by 46% at the highest dose tested (250 mg/kg) compared to that in the control. This study suggests that SA-E extract exerts potent inhibitory effects on LPS-induced expression of inflammatory mediators such as NO, iNOS, COX-2, and cytokines in macrophages through suppression of the NF-κB p65 pathway. SA-E extract might have potential clinical applications as an anti-inflammatory agent.     

蒲公英糖蛋白体外抗炎作用及对NF-κB信号通路的调控

探讨蒲公英糖蛋白(glycoprotein from Taraxacum,TG)对由脂多糖引起的RAW264.7细胞炎症的抗炎效果,并阐明其活性的基本分子机制。利用脂多糖刺激RAW264.7细胞,建立体外炎症模型,采用噻唑蓝比色法检测TG对RAW264.7细胞的增殖毒性,Griess试剂法检测了一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)的分泌情况,反转录聚合酶链式反应检测炎症细胞因子——白细胞介素-6(interleukin 6,IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)m RNA以及诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase,i NOS)m RNA的表达水平,酶联免疫吸附测定法测定IL-6和TNF-α的分泌量,Western blot检测P-IκB-α蛋白的表达水平,用以研究TG对核转录因子-κB(nuclear factor-kappa B,NF-κB)信号转导通路的抑制作用。结果表明:TG能够显著甚至极显著地抑制NO的分泌,IL-6、TNF-α、i NOS的m RNA的表达,IL-6和TNF-α的分泌(P0.05、P0.01)。TG高度显著上调了IκB-α的蛋白表达(P0.001),并显著下调了P-IκB-α的蛋白表达(P0.05),且与TG质量浓度成正比。其中在TG质量浓度为250、500、1 000μg/m L时对TNF-α分泌量的抑制率分别为28.6%、65.4%、89.3%,对IL-6分泌量的抑制率分别为32.3%、54.1%、85.7%。TG间接抑制了NF-κB信号转导途径,有显著的体外抗炎效果且抗炎效果与TG的质量浓度呈剂量依赖性。     

Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of phloretin and phlorizin in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse macrophages

Many reports suggest that phloretin and phlorizin have antioxidant properties and can inhibit glucose transportation, the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of phloretin and phlorizin remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of phloretin and phlorizin in LPS-stimulated murine RAW264.7 macrophages. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with various concentrations of phloretin or phlorizin (3–100 μM) and cell inflammatory responses were induced with LPS. Pretreated with 10 μM phloretin significantly inhibited the levels of NO, PGE₂, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS and COX-2. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that phloretin suppressed the nuclear translocation of NF-κB subunit p65 proteins, and decreased phosphorylation in MAPK pathways. Surprisingly, phlorizin did not suppress the inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest that phloretin has an anti-inflammatory effect that reduces levels of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators in RAW264.7 cells.     

Blueberries reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and IL-6 production in mouse macrophages by inhibiting NF-κB activation and the MAPK pathway

Blueberries (BB) have been reported to attenuate atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient (ApoE(-/-) ) mice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of BB in reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production in mouse macrophages. ApoE(-/-) mice were fed AIN-93G diet (CD) or CD formulated to contain 1% freeze-dried BB for 5 wk. TNF-α and IL-6 were lower in serum of BB-fed mice and TNF-α expression in aorta was down-regulated with BB feeding. Protein level and mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly lower in the peritoneal macrophages from mice fed BB without or with LPS or oxLDL stimulation. RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with polyphenol-enriched extracts made from the sera of rats fed CD (SEC) or CD containing 10% BB (SEB). SEB significantly inhibited LPS-induced mRNA expression and protein levels of TNF-α and IL-6. Furthermore, SEB inhibited the phosphorylation of IκB, NF-κB p65, MAPK p38 and JNK. All of these are important signaling pathways involved in the production of TNF-α and IL-6.     

Anti-inflammatory effect of flavonoids isolated from Korea Citrus aurantium L. on lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells by blocking of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways

Citrus fruits are an abundant source of various flavonoids, which have been used as a traditional herbal medicine in Korea and China. Most flavonoids are known to have anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial and analgesic properties. In this study, it was examined whether flavonoids (nobiletin, naringin and hesperidin) isolated from Korea Citrus aurantium L. inhibited the pro-inflammatory mediators including cytokines by blocking nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The flavonoids suppressed mRNA and protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in LPS-induced macrophages. The molecular mechanism was associated with inhibition of the degradation/phosphorylation of I-κB-α and nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p-65 as well as phosphorylation of MAPK by flavonoids. These results suggest that flavonoids have anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing expression of COX-2, iNOS and cytokines by blocking the NF-κB and MAPK signalling in RAW 264.7 macrophages.