基于内参系统的阪崎肠杆菌实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

根据阪崎肠杆菌ompA靶基因设计特异性引物和探针,并加入内参(IAC),建立能够实时监控反应过程的荧光定量PCR检测方法。结果表明,该方法对阪崎肠杆菌基因组DNA的最低检测限为1pg;对细菌的最低检测限为1×10~4 CFU;对含有靶基因质粒的最低检测限为10~3拷贝;Ct值与模板拷贝数均呈良好的线性关系(R~2=0.999)。人工污染试验结果表明,在初始菌量为10CFU/25g奶粉样品时,采用水洗加试剂盒法和水煮法提取DNA,阪崎肠杆菌均在增菌10h时检出。研究结果为进一步优化和完善阪崎肠杆菌分子生物学方法的标准化提供了参考。     

奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌PCR和荧光PCR检测方法的研究

建立了奶粉中可致婴幼儿高死亡率的阪崎肠杆菌的PCR和荧光PCR检测方法。利用细菌16S和23SrDNA的保守区设计通用引物,对6株阪崎肠杆菌16S-23SrDNA间区序列(ITS)进行扩增和测序,在比对阪崎肠杆菌ITS序列的基础上,设计了11条PCR和荧光PCR检测引物,组合成30对PCR引物,并筛选出一对种特异性引物,建立了奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌PCR和荧光PCR检测方法。用10株阪崎肠杆菌,18株近源菌株验证实验表明,本文所建立的PCR和荧光PCR方法特异性强;加菌实验表明,奶粉样品中阪崎肠杆菌检测低限为(2.2～5.4)CFU/100g,灵敏度高;新建的PCR和荧光PCR方法与FDABAM(美国食品及药品管理局微生物分析手册)方法比对实验表明,三种方法的检测结果完全一致。由于PCR和荧光PCR检测方法快速、可靠,因此可替代传统检验方法。     

婴儿配方粉中阪崎肠杆菌荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

建立奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌荧光定量PCR检测方法,为准确、快速地定量检测阪崎肠杆菌奠定基础。根据阪崎肠杆菌16S rDNA基因序列,设计特异引物和荧光标记探针并合成,用PCR扩增产物克隆的重组质粒作为阳性对照,经紫外分光光度计测定重组质粒浓度．梯度稀释后作为标准品绘制标准曲线,其Ct值与模板浓度有良好的线形关系,相关系数R^2值为：0．997,可以用于阪崎肠杆菌浓度鉴定。用该方法检测阪崎肠杆菌样品21份,阳性4份,阳性检出率为19％,与常规检测方法结果完全符合。本文建立的检测阪崎肠杆菌的荧光定量PCR方法,较常规技术更为简便、快速,有很好的应用前景和研究价值。     

奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌的污染及快速检测方法的研究

目的：了解福建省市售婴幼儿配方奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌的污染状况、污染途径并寻找快速准确的检测方法。方法：应用分离鉴定、PCR 和荧光PCR 等方法检测,分离鉴定采用阪崎肠杆菌显色培养基和全自动微生物生化仪。结果：阪崎肠杆菌在192 份市售婴幼儿配方奶粉中的检出率为1.56%,在60 份原料奶粉中的检出率为13.33%,30 份生产车间环境样本均未检出。结论：福建省市售婴幼儿配方奶粉中存在阪崎肠杆菌的安全隐患,某工厂奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌的污染主要来自原料奶粉。荧光PCR 和显色培养基可用于阪崎肠杆菌的快速筛选和分离。     

实时荧光定量PCR法检测阪崎肠杆菌和肠杆菌科

使用全新实时荧光定量PCR的方法与传统的国家标准方法共同对180个样品中的阪崎肠杆菌以及肠杆菌科进行检测。包括婴幼儿配方奶粉(包括含益生菌或谷物的婴幼儿配方食品以及环境样品等)。分别从重复性,排除死亡细菌的干扰(假阳性)以及相对准确性、相对灵敏性和相对特异性等方面进行对比研究。结果表明,使用两种方法所得结果完全一致,并且实时荧光定量PCR方法有着明显的时间短,易操作等优点。     

3种方法检测婴幼儿配方奶粉中的阪崎肠杆菌

目的对市售婴幼儿配方奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌检测方法进行研究。方法分别用常规培养鉴定方法、常规PCR方法和实时荧光PCR方法对32份奶粉样品进行阪崎肠杆菌分离鉴定。结果32份样品中检出2株阳性株，阳性率为6．25％，3种鉴定方法结果相符。结论联合使用多种鉴定方法可提高阪崎肠杆菌检测的可靠性。     

进口乳粉中阪崎肠杆菌检测分析

应用检验检疫行业标准<奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌的检验方法>中分离计数及普通PCR两种方法时50份进口乳粉进行检测,两种方法检测结果均准确可靠,但增茵方法不统一,标准有待完善.近三年来,天津口岸共检出31份阪崎肠杆菌阳性的进口乳粉.对这些阳性样品及阪崎肠杆茵进行了地域、污染情况及生化性状的总结分析,为完善检验方法及阪崎肠杆菌的进一步深入研究奠定基础.     

恒温实时荧光法快速检测奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌方法的建立

为实现奶粉中快速检测阪崎肠杆菌,本文建立了检测阪崎肠杆菌的恒温实时荧光法。针对阪崎肠杆菌16S r RNA设计三组LAMP引物,采用Deaou-308C恒温实时荧光检测平台,选取常见病原菌标准株进行引物特异性检测;选取阪崎肠杆菌标准菌株进行基因组DNA灵敏度和最低检测限测定,同时利用人工污染方式检测此方法在脱脂和全脂奶粉中的灵敏度和最低检测限,利用Real Amp法和国标法对20份市售奶粉进行对比实验。结果显示,引物组16S-11扩增效率最优,与常见病原菌无交叉反应,对阪崎肠杆菌基因组DNA、阪崎肠杆菌污染的脱脂和全脂奶粉的灵敏度分别达到102 CFU/m L、102 CFU/m L和103 CFU/m L;对阪崎肠杆菌基因组DNA和阪崎肠杆菌污染的脱脂和全脂奶粉的最低检测限分别达到103 CFU/m L、103 CFU/m L和104 CFU/m L;在20份市售奶粉样品中Real Amp检测结果与传统国标培养结果一致,表明本文建立的阪崎肠杆菌Real Amp检测方法适用于阪崎肠杆菌的快速检测。     

LAMP法在阪崎肠杆菌快速检测中的应用

针对阪崎肠杆菌的ompA基因设计4条特异性引物(2条内引物、2条外引物),建立一种快速检测阪崎肠杆菌的DNA环介导恒温扩增法(LAMP)。通过对2株阪崎肠杆菌标准菌株、24株阪崎肠杆菌分离株和18株非阪崎肠杆菌测试,结果表明此方法具有很高的特异性;对其灵敏度进行检验,发现该方法的最低检测限可以达到8CFU/mL,具有较好的敏感性。在1份实验室能力验证盲样和26份实际奶粉样品中应用发现,该方法与传统生化方法结果吻合,具有较好的可靠性。     

奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌的风险评估

阪崎肠杆菌能引起脑膜炎、NEC和菌血症等，约2．5％～14％婴儿配方奶粉含有阪崎肠杆菌，0％～12％的普通奶粉含有阪崎肠杆菌，含量从0．36-66．0cfu／100g。婴幼儿奶粉中的阪崎肠杆菌问题已受到了全世界的普遍关注。本文基于大量研究和调查数据，从奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌的危害识别、奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌的暴露评估、奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌危害特性以及阪崎肠杆菌的检测方法等方面客观地对奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌进行风险评估，并对降低我国婴儿配方奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌风险提出建议。     

Inactivation of Enterobacter sakazakii by pulsed electric field in buffered peptone water and infant formula milk

The effect of high-intensity pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment on the survival of Enterobacter sakazakii suspended in buffered peptone water (BPW) and powdered infant formula milk (IFM) was evaluated. Reference medium and IFM samples were treated with PEF. Electric field intensity and treatment time were varied from 10 to 40 kV cm⁻¹ and from 60 to 3895 μs, respectively. Samples of buffered peptone water (3 g L⁻¹) and IFM were inoculated with E. sakazakii (CECT 858) (10⁹ cfu mL⁻¹) and then treated with PEF. The inactivation data were adjusted to the Weibull frequency distribution function and Bigelow model, and constants were calculated for both substrates. A maximum 2.7 log (cfu mL⁻¹) reduction was achieved in BPW after exposure of E. sakazakii to PEF for 360 μs (2.5 μs pulse width) at 40 kV cm⁻¹. In IFM, exposure of E. sakazakii to PEF, with the same conditions, led to a 1.2 log (cfu mL⁻¹) reduction. The greater the field strength and treatment time, the greater the inactivation achieved in both substrates. Even though further research will be necessary, according to the results, there are good prospects for the use of PEF in hospitals to achieve safe reconstituted infant formula before storage at refrigerated temperatures.     

Isolation of Enterobacter sakazakii and other Enterobacteriaceae from powdered infant formula milk and related products

The presence of Enterobacter sakazakii and other Enterobacteriaceae was surveyed in 82 powdered infant formula milk (IFM) and 404 other food products. The presence of Ent. sakazakii was detected using the conventional method (growth on violet red bile glucose agar plus yellow pigment production on TSA) and a new chromogenic medium (Druggan–Forsythe–Iversen agar, DFI) which enables results to be obtained 2 days earlier than the conventional method. Ent. sakazakii was isolated from 2/82 powdered IFM, 5/49 dried infant foods, 3/72 milk powder, 2/62 cheese products and various dry food ingredients, especially herbs and spices (40/122). Ent. sakazakii was isolated from 67 samples using the DFI medium, however only 19 of the samples were positive following the conventional method. The largest difference in isolation between the two methods was with dry food ingredients.Although Enterobacteriaceae were enumerated from one powdered IFM sample (Klebsiella ozaenae, 200 cfu/g), 7/82 had detectable Enterobacteriaceae after enrichment in EE broth. Using the ISO 6579 2002 method and immuno-magnetic separation technique no Salmonella serovars were isolated from powdered IFM, dried infant foods or milk samples. Therefore hygienic production of powdered IFM and milk production as monitored by control of Salmonella and enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae did not control Ent. sakazakii.     

Development of multiplex real-time PCR with Internal amplification control for simultaneous detection of Salmonella and Cronobacter in powdered infant formula

Contamination of powdered infant formula (PIF) by the bacteria Cronobacter spp. and Salmonella enterica was deemed a matter of great concern by the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 2004. Therefore, we developed a rapid and sensitive multiplex real-time PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of Cronobacter and Salmonella in PIF. In addition, an internal amplification control (IAC) was also included for exclusion of false negative results in this study. The quantitative detection range for pure cultures in this optimized multiplex real-time PCR assay was 10³ to 10⁸ CFU/ml for both Salmonella and Cronobacter. When our established multiplex real-time PCR system was applied to artificially contaminated PIF, the detection limit was 10³ CFU/ml for Salmonella and Cronobacter without enrichment. The commercial PIF was then inoculated with Salmonella and Cronobacter at 10, 1 and 0.1 CFU per gram of formula and the single enrichment broth samples were analyzed by multiplex real-time PCR after enrichment for 9, 12, and 24 h. At 12 h post-enrichment, we could detect Salmonella and Cronobacter at initial inoculation levels of approximately 0.1 CFU/g in PIF. Additionally, stable fluorescent IAC signals could be assessed between 29 and 34 cycles of PCR amplification. Results from this study showed that the multiplex real-time PCR assay is an effective method for the rapid and simultaneous detection and quantification of Cronobacter and Salmonella in PIF.     

婴幼儿配方食品中阪崎肠杆菌的计数结果不确定度评定

[目的] 了解专项抽查的婴儿配方食品中的阪崎肠杆菌指标状况,并探讨阪崎肠杆菌的计数结果的不确定度评定方法。[方法] 按照GB 4789.1-2010 《食品微生物学检验 总则》和GB 4789.40-2016 《食品微生物学检验 阪崎肠杆菌检验》进行了抽样和检测, 依据JJF1059.1-2012 《测量不确定度评定与表示》及贝塞尔统计学方法对计数结果进行不确定度评定。[结果]22批次婴儿配方食品中有1批次检出阪崎肠杆菌,检出率为4.55%, 该批次样品中阪崎肠杆菌平均计数为25.5MPN/100g,计数结果扩展标准不确定度为2.72MPN/100g。[结论] 本次评估依据阪崎肠杆菌检计数检验国家标准,对4次保温培养节点进行了分析,结果表明固液混合过程,酵液取样体积,阪崎肠杆菌显色平板上可疑菌落选择和MPN法重复计数的四个不确定度较大,是记数检验过程中的重要环节。     

探究乳粉中阪崎肠杆菌活菌检测方法灵敏度和检出限

摘要：目的 研究出乳粉中阪崎肠杆菌活菌检测的灵敏度和最低检出线的实时荧光RT-PCR方法。方法 将羊奶粉作为基质,根据GB4789.40-2016中第一法中规定的增菌方法,一组加入10cfu阪崎肠杆菌,另一组加入等量的阪崎肠杆菌、大肠杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、普通变形杆菌、粪肠球菌,培养时间分别设置为15h和18h,将不同培养时间的培养物分别取1ml进行RNA提取,以cDNA为模板进行扩增。结果 增菌培养18h后,提取RNA采用实时荧光RT-PCR技术,结果显示扩增曲线良好,Ct值稳定。结论 乳粉中阪崎肠杆菌活菌检测,增菌培养18h后,采用实时荧光RT-PCR,最低可检出10cfu的阪崎肠杆菌。     

应用核酸层析技术快速检测奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌的研究

结合PCP与胶体金免疫层析试纸条技术建立了核酸层析检测技术用于奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌的快速检测.该技术根据寡-1,6-葡萄糖苷酶基因设计引物,并分别标记生物素和地高辛,通过试纸条上肉眼可见的红色条带对扩增结果进行判断.通过11株阪崎肠杆菌及27株常见致病菌的检测结果说明其特异性强,阪崎肠杆菌纯菌培养检测灵敏度达到103 mL-1,人工污染样品检测限达到0.08 g-1,检测奶粉样品时与传统方法(GB/T 4789.40-2010)相比,无显著性差异(x2=0,P＞0.05).该方法灵敏度高、快速、特异性强,可以很好地应用于奶粉以及其他食品中阪崎肠杆菌的检测与鉴定.     

柳江县市售国产婴幼儿配方粉中阪崎肠杆菌污染监测分析

目的 了解市售国产婴幼儿配方粉中阪崎肠杆菌污染状况,为消费预警提供科学依据。方法 分别按2011、2012年版国家食源性致病菌监测工作手册对市场上11家国内生产的32份婴幼儿配方粉进行检测。结果 32份样品检出2株阪崎肠杆菌,检出率为6.25%。其中婴幼儿配方奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌检出率4.35%(1/23);婴幼儿谷物食品中阪崎肠杆菌检出率11.11%(1/9)。结论 柳江县市售部分婴幼儿配方粉中存在阪崎肠杆菌污染,食用安全隐患不容忽视,应加强监测力度,预防和控制阪崎肠杆菌引起的食物中毒事件发生。     

阪崎肠杆菌zpx基因的分子信标一实时PCR技术研究

目的建立分子信标-实时PCR技术检测婴幼儿乳粉中阪崎肠杆菌的快速方法。方法在PCR反应体系中加入分子信标探针,探针的5’端标记FAM,3’端标记TAMRA,建立阪崎肠杆菌zpx基因分子信标-实时PCR技术快速检测方法。结果检测方法特异性强,无非特异性扩增;分子信标-实时PCR反应体系DNA灵敏度为180fg/PCR反应体系,纯阪崎肠杆菌菌液的检出限为102 CFU/ml,无交叉反应;以此反应体系检测23份样品,其中2份为阳性,余未检出,与传统检测方法结果一致。结论分子信标-实时PCR检测体系快速、灵敏度高、特异性强,可用于婴幼儿乳粉中阪崎肠杆菌的快速检测。     

Rapid, specific detection of Enterobacter sakazakii in infant formula using a real-time PCR assay

Enterobacter sakazakii is a rare cause of invasive infection with high mortality rates in neonates. Powdered milk-based infant formulas have been associated with the E. sakazakii-related outbreaks in premature or other immunocompromised infants. In this study, an assay was developed for the specific detection of E. sakazakii in infant formula using an application of the fluorogenic 5' nuclease assay (TaqMan). A set of primers and probe was designed using the E. sakazakii partial macromolecular synthesis operon: the rpsU gene 3' end and the primase (dnaG) gene 5' end. The specificity of the assay was evaluated using 68 Enterobacter and 55 non-Enterobacter strains. The newly developed assay enables us to detect 100 CFU/ ml in pure culture and in reconstituted infant formula in 50 cycles of PCR without enrichment. The assay was specific enough to discriminate E. sakazakii from all other Enterobacter and non-Enterobacter strains tested. The developed real-time PCR assay could save up to 5 days and eliminate the need for plating samples on selective or diagnostic agars and for biochemical confirmation steps. The real-time PCR assay could be used to rapidly screen infant formula samples for E. sakazakii and would be a boon to food industries and regulatory agencies.