应用阴离子交换树脂法进行食品中砷形态的研究

目的建立溶剂提取-阴离子交换树脂分离-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定食品中无机砷、一甲基胂(MMA)和二甲基胂(DMA)的方法。方法以水-甲醇为提取剂,阴离子交换树脂分离,HG-AFS检测。结果方法检出限以砷计分别为:无机砷(As(Ⅲ) As(Ⅴ))0·34μg/L、MMA0·57μg/L、DMA0·46μg/L;20μg/L砷标准偏差为:无机砷2·45%、MMA3·34%、DMA4·96%。在0~50μg/L砷量范围校正曲线线性关系良好。试样加标回收率为:无机砷95·40%~97·00%,MMA97·80%~104·80%,DMA104·23%~107·50%。结论对海带、紫菜等海产品及大米等食品的检测,证明该方法简便易行。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定不同膳食基质中5种砷形态的方法研究

目的应用高效液相色谱(HPLC)和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)联用技术优化完善不同膳食基质中五价砷(As5+)、砷甜菜碱(As B)、三价砷(As3+)、二甲基砷酸(DMA)和一甲基砷酸(MMA)5种砷形态的检测方法。方法通过比较不同浓度的乙酸、盐酸、硝酸水溶液在热提取条件下对不同膳食基质(谷类、饮料类、水产类、蛋类、豆类、水果类、糖类)及对NIST标准参考物质Rice Flour1568b中5种砷形态化合物的提取效果,确定最佳提取试剂和最佳提取浓度,同时比较不同p H、不同流动相下砷化合物的分离效果,确定最终分离条件。结果膳食样品中砷形态分析的最佳提取方法为0.15 mol/L硝酸水溶液浸泡提取;以20 mmol/L柠檬酸和5 mmol/L己烷磺酸钠的混合溶液为流动相(p H=4.3),5种砷形态的线性范围线0~100μg/L相关系数(r)均大于0.999,检出限为0.4~1.2μg/L,精密度好,RSD均小于5%。不同膳食样品(谷类、饮料类、水产类、蛋类、豆类、水果类、糖类)加标回收率为80%~113%(无机砷)、81%~122%(MMA)、80%~124%(DMA)、77%~121%(As B);采用本方法测定的NIST标准参考物质Rice Flour 1568b测定值跟标示值相吻合。结论本实验优化了砷形态分析的前处理方法和分离条件,不仅具有省时、快速高效,而且可以保证测定结果的准确性。     

液相-原子荧光法测定水产品中无机砷方法的研究

以液相色谱-原子荧光联用技术为检测手段,在现有国标检测方法的基础上,研究一套检测动物性水产品中无机砷含量的样品前处理方法。该方法以超声提取为主要手段,被测样品经均质后,在60℃下超声提取60 min,检测结果与国标法测定结果之前的相对误差为3.2%,,方法检出限为0.01 mg/kg,0~50μg/L浓度范围内线性良好,回收率为89.6%~93.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.07%~5.57%,准确度、精密度均满足方法学要求。该法具有操作便捷、干扰少、准确度好等优点,适用于批量水产品种无机砷的测定。     

液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法对大米中无机砷的测定

本文采用液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法对大米中无机砷进行测定。方法:采用稀硝酸提取样品中的无机砷,以液相色谱分离目标物,通过与KBH_4在酸性环境下反应得到气态砷化合物后,采用原子荧光光谱仪进行测定。结果:大米中无机砷含量在0~100.0 ng/mL浓度范围内线性关系表现良好,砷酸盐、亚砷酸盐回收率分别为99.2%~102.1%、97.9%~101.0%,重复性分别为1.34%~2.15%、0.81%~2.23%,检出限分别为0.022 9 mg/kg、0.007 2 mg/kg,定量限分别为0.057 2 mg/kg、0.017 9 mg/kg。结论:该方法具有较高准确度和精密度,在大米中无机砷的测定中十分适用。     

LC-ICP-MS法研究莲藕中砷的形态分布

本文通过测定莲藕不同砷浓度环境、不同生长阶段和不同器官中总砷及砷的5种形态(亚砷酸盐As(Ⅲ)、砷酸盐As(Ⅴ)、一甲基砷MMA、二甲基砷DMA和砷甜菜碱As B)的含量,研究了莲藕中砷的形态分布规律。采用优化的超声酸提取方法,用1%HNO3在70℃超声提取40 min,25 mmol/L磷酸二氢铵溶液(pH 8.0)为流动相等度洗脱,液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用(LC-ICP-MS)法进行测定,各形态提取完全、稳定,8 min内基线分离。高砷环境栽培莲藕的无机砷比率略高于低砷环境的。莲藕在旺盛生长期对砷的富集能力高于结藕期,除藕外,地下部分总砷含量和无机砷比率普遍高于地上部分。结藕期无机砷比率降低,有机砷以As B、MMA和少量DMA形式存在。各器官中无机砷含量比例为29.03%~45.21%不等,可食部分藕和莲蓬中无机砷含量比例最低,有利于食品安全控制。     

液相色谱-原子荧光法测定大米中4种砷形态

目的建立以0.3 mol/L硝酸为提取剂提取大米中4种砷形态(亚砷酸根AsⅢ、砷酸根AsⅤ、一甲基砷MMA和二甲基砷DMA)的液相色谱-原子荧光(liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry,LC-AFS)分析方法。方法在60℃条件下,超声40 min提取大米样品,上清液供LC-AFS测。比较2种提取方法对稻米中4种砷形态的提取效率,并对提取温度和提取时间等条件进行优化。结果 4种砷形态化合物的检出限为0.002~0.01μg/mL,加标回收率为89.03%~100.70%,RSD不大于4.36%(n=5)。结论此方法可以在1h时内完全分离大米样品中的四种砷形态,操作简单、灵敏,适用于大米中重金属砷的风险评估。     

液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法测定大米中无机砷形态

建立了液相色谱-原子荧光法测定大米中无机砷形态的检测方法,对流动相种类、流速、pH值、硼氢化钾浓度及盐酸浓度进行了优化。在8 min内可完成As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的分离。当砷酸根和亚砷酸根浓度为0~100ng/ml时,2种形态均可得到良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于等于0.999 5,实验室检出限分别为0.006mg/kg和0.009mg/kg,精密度RSD≤6.0%,加标回收率为85.0%~110.7%。该方法减少了样品的分析时间和试剂用量,具有简便、高效和可靠等特点,可用于大米中无机砷形态的检测。     

稻谷中无机砷形态的测定及其分布规律

建立和优化了液相色谱-原子荧光法测定稻谷中无机砷形态的检测方法,在10 min内完成As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的有效分离。结果表明:当砷酸根和亚砷酸根浓度范围为0～90 ng/mL时,线性相关系数分别为0.999 8和0.999 4,检出限分别为0.005 mg/kg和0.007 mg/kg,精密度RSD≤7.2%,As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)加标回收率分别在92.8%～104.5%和81.0%～100.8%。砷浓度分布具有明显不均匀性,提高稻谷加工精度后,无机砷含量可减少66.6%。     

原子荧光光谱法测定海带提取物中无机砷

参照我国国标对海藻无机砷的测定方法及相关文献,摸索出一套适于复杂介质、高浓度干扰成分共存体系的测定方法——原子荧光光谱法测定海带提取物中的无机砷。主要研究内容为:优化酸度剂及还原剂的种类及用量;使用正辛醇为消泡剂对检测结果的影响;选择温和萃取无机砷的前处理条件,避免有机砷水解为无机砷。结论:标准曲线中标准物砷浓度测定范围在0~40 ng/m L;酸度剂为HCl,其在检测时浓度为5%;还原剂为硫脲-抗坏血酸,其在检测时浓度为5-5 g/L;不使用正辛醇;萃取无机砷的条件为5%HCl-石油醚(1:1)体系,在室温下萃取10 min。该法检出限为0.0823 ng/m L,变异系数(RSD)3.20%~3.70%,回收率91.29%~93.60%,达到产品检测所需的准确性。采用此法检测脱砷前后的海带提取物产品中无机砷含量,分别为10.3781 mg/kg及1.8507 mg/kg,后者达到国际标准对海带提取物中无机砷的含量要求。     

超声辅助提取氢化物发生原子荧光法测定鹅肉中无机砷

采用超声提取,以氢化物发生原子荧光法测定了鹅肉样品中无机砷含量.通过比较提取的无机砷与样品中的总砷含量,评价了6mol/L盐酸、1mol/L硝酸、1mol/L磷酸和50％vol甲醇水溶液4种不同提取溶剂下的提取效率.发现6mol/L盐酸的提取效率最高,为61％.同时,以稳定性更好的二甲基硅油作为消泡剂代替了正辛醇,得到更好的精密度.对实验条件优化后,这种无机砷的方法检测限可以达到0.27μg/kg,实验的精密度为1.6％,加标回收率为96.5％～104.0％.这种方法不仅有助于提高检验效率,而且更加环境友好.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the