超声微波协同技术提取白胡椒精油的条件优化

通过单因素实验和响应面分析法优化了超声-微波协同技术提取白胡椒精油的工艺。在最佳条件下:提取温度100℃,料水比1∶10(g/m L),微波和超声功率分别为500 W和50 W,提取时间为7 min,白胡椒精油得率为3.80%±0.08%。利用超声-微波协同技术提取白胡椒精油,与单独微波或超声提取相比较,其精油得率显著高于单独微波(p0.001)或单独超声(p0.001)。扫描电镜的结果显示,超声波和微波协同作用时,白胡椒细胞壁破碎更为彻底,有助于精油的溶出。结论:利用超声-微波协同技术提取精油成分,其精油的提取效率显著优于常规的提取方法。     

东北野生山榛子树皮、树叶、果皮中紫杉醇的超声辅助提取方法研究

采用超声提取法对东北野生山榛子树的果皮、树皮、树叶进行了紫杉醇的提取,通过单因素实验和正交实验得出了最佳的超声辅助提取条件:乙醇浓度80%,超声频率300Hz,提取温度50℃,料液比1:3,提取时间60min,三种样品(树皮、果皮、树叶)中紫杉醇的得率均为最大值。果皮中的提取率为0.0059%,树皮中的提取率为0.0048%,树叶中的提取率为0.0033%,最终确定果皮中紫杉醇的含量>树皮中紫杉醇的含量>树叶中的紫杉醇的含量。     

白及多糖的超声-微波协同提取工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

目的:研究白及多糖的超声-微波协同提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性。方法:以多糖得率为考察指标,通过单因素实验对料液比、浸泡时间、微波功率和协同提取时间4个影响因素进行考察,采用正交实验设计对超声波-微波协同提取白及多糖的工艺条件进行优化,并研究白及多糖对羟基自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子(O_2~-·)和1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基自由基(DPPH·)的清除率以评价其体外抗氧化活性。结果:最佳提取工艺条件为:液料比20∶1 m L/g,浸泡时间6 min,微波功率200 W,协同提取时间5 min,该工艺条件下多糖得率达6.98%±0.19%。单独超声波提取法和单独微波提取法的多糖得率仅为超声-微波协同提取法的46.28%和87.96%,表明超声-微波协同提取优于单独超声波提取和单独微波提取。抗氧化活性研究表明在实验范围内,白及多糖对O-2·无明显清除作用,但对·OH和DPPH·具有明显的清除作用,采用超声-微波协同提取法提取的白及多糖较微波提取法具有更高的·OH和DPPH·清除活性,当多糖浓度为0.5 mg/m L时,对·OH和DPPH·清除率分别为92.82%和74.21%。结论:超声-微波协同提取具有省时高效的特点,特别适用于多糖类物质的提取。     

秋葵中总黄酮提取工艺探讨

分别用超声微波联用法与纤维素酶浸提法2种方法提取秋葵中黄酮类化合物,用硝酸铝-亚硝酸钠比色法测定提取的总黄酮含量,采用正交试验对2种方法下提取的总黄酮得率进行数据分析与比较。结果表明,纤维素酶浸提法比超声微波联用法提取秋葵黄酮得率高,纤维素酶浸提法最佳工艺:加酶量1.5%,酶解时间2 h,酶解温度50℃,酶解p H4.8,总黄酮得率为4.843%;超声微波联用法最佳工艺:微波功率550 W,料液比1:50(g/m L),超声时间30 min,微波时间60 s,总黄酮得率为3.278%,纤维素酶浸提法比超声微波联用法的黄酮得率提高了1.565%。     

乌饭树叶黄酮超声—微波辅助提取工艺的优化

以乌饭树叶为原料,采用超声—微波辅助提取技术,探讨液固比、微波功率、温度以及提取时间对乌饭树叶黄酮得率的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法对超声—微波辅助提取乌饭树叶黄酮的工艺条件进行优化,通过与传统热水浸提方法进行比较,探讨超声—微波提取对乌饭树叶黄酮结构的影响。结果表明,超声—微波辅助提取乌饭树叶黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:微波功率140 W,超声功率50 W,温度69℃,液固比51∶1(V∶m),时间11min,该条件下,乌饭树叶黄酮的得率为3.64%。红外光谱分析表明:超声—微波辅助提取对乌饭树叶黄酮结构没有影响。     

响应面法优化微波辅助提取芦笋黄酮的研究

以绿芦笋为原料,在单因素试验的基础上,选取液料比、微波功率和提取时间为影响因子,以黄酮得率为响应指标,采用响应面试验设计和分析的方法对微波辅助提取芦笋黄酮的工艺进行了优化。结果表明,微波辅助提取芦笋黄酮的最佳工艺参数为:液料比3∶1,微波功率309W,提取时间120 s,黄酮得率为0.695%。与常规溶剂提取法和超声提取方法相比,微波辅助提取法显著提高了芦笋黄酮的得率,大大缩短了提取时间。因此微波辅助提取法在植物黄酮的提取中有很大的应用前景。     

超声-微波协同提取荷叶总黄酮工艺优化及其提取效果分析

为优化超声-微波协同提取荷叶总黄酮最佳工艺及解析其提取效率较高的原因,本文通过单因素、正交实验对提取工艺进行优化;通过比较协同提取、超声与微波单独提取及扫描电镜对提取前后荷叶粉末微观结构,初步解释了该技术提取效率较高的原因。结果表明,超声-微波协同提取荷叶总黄酮最佳工艺条件为:提取时间5 min、微波功率125 W、乙醇浓度70%、料液比1∶30 g/m L、超声功率50 W(开)。对比实验发现,在各自最佳提取条件下,协同方法提取荷叶总黄酮效率显著高于水浴振荡提取法(p0.001);超声与微波单独提取分析发现,协同提取技术结合了超声和微波二者优势、互补产生较高效率提取作用;扫描电镜观察发现,协同提取对原料细胞壁破坏更严重、作用更充分,从而增强了提取效率。超声-微波协同技术对荷叶总黄酮具有较高的提取效率,值得后续深入研究与开发。     

超声-微波协同提取青稞β-葡聚糖

以β-葡聚糖得率为试验指标,采用超声-微波协同法提取青稞麸皮β-葡聚糖,利用单因素及正交试验优化其提取工艺,并与水提法、超声法和微波法的提取效果进行对比。采用扫描电镜观察青稞麸皮粉表面结构的变化,初步分析超声-微波协同提取的机制。结果表明,最佳工艺参数为:超声功率250 W、超声时间20 min、微波功率800 W、微波时间3 min、料液比1∶25(g∶m L),β-葡聚糖得率为2. 29%;超声-微波协同法与水提、超声和微波法相比,得率分别提高了120. 19%、57. 93%、18. 65%。扫描电镜的结果显示,水提法使麸皮粉产生溶胀作用,结构由紧致变得松散;超声处理使麸皮粉片状颗粒变得更加细小;微波的热效应使麸皮粉因迅速受热而结构膨化、体积增大;而超声-微波协同法使麸皮粉的结构变得膨大疏松、细碎多孔。这说明β-葡聚糖的得率与麸皮结构的破坏程度可能具有一定的相关性。     

响应面法优化超声-微波协同辅助提取茶多糖工艺

以水作为提取溶剂,粗绿茶作为原料,通过响应面优化超声-微波协同辅助提取茶多糖的最佳工艺条件,比较传统水浴浸提法和超声-微波协同辅助提取法对茶多糖得率、纯度和结构的影响。结果表明:超声-微波协同辅助提取茶多糖的最佳工艺条件为提取时间23min、料液比1:30(g/mL)、微波功率90W。与传统的水浴浸提法相比,超声-微波协同辅助提取法在较短的超声提取时间下,茶多糖的得率从2.95%提高到4.19%,纯度从70.15%提高到86.08%,两种提取方法所得的茶多糖基团基本相同。     

微波-超声波联合提取银杏叶黄酮工艺的响应面法分析

采用响应面分析法优化银杏叶中黄酮类化合物的微波-超声提取条件,利用Box-Behnken组合设计研究液料比、乙醇浓度、超声时间、微波时间4个因素对黄酮得率的影响。结果表明:乙醇浓度和微波时间对响应值的影响显著(p<0.001)。在采用微波档(功率900W)、超声功率500W、35℃条件下,黄酮最佳提取工艺条件为液料比15:1、乙醇浓度63%、超声16min、微波66s、超声提取2次。用NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-NaOH显色法测得的银杏黄酮得率为8.28mg/g,与预测值8.52mg/g的相对误差为2.82%。     

GC测定艾纳香叶中左旋龙脑、异龙脑、樟脑的不同预处理方法比较

比较了水蒸气蒸馏(HDSE)、同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)、溶剂浸提(SE)、超声辅助提取(UAE)、微波辅助提取(MAE)和超声-微波协同萃取(UMAE)作为预处理方法提取艾纳香叶中左旋龙脑、异龙脑和樟脑的效率,并联合气相色谱(GC)对三种化合物进行测定,通过方法学验证评价各方法的准确性和精密性。结果显示,UMAE是最快速的预处理方法,处理时间仅30 s。方法学验证显示六种预处理方法联合GC测定的精密性都满足要求,RSD小于3%。仅测定左旋龙脑时,六种预处理方法联合GC的准确性都达标(回收率86%~100%);若同时测定三种化合物时,仅HDSE-GC符合规定(回收率100%~105%)。利用HDSE-GC和UMAE-GC测定采收期内艾纳香叶,发现10月中旬至次年1月中旬的艾纳香叶中左旋龙脑含量较高,适合作为左旋龙脑的生产原料。为快速分析艾纳香叶的左旋龙脑含量及选择最适采收期提供可靠准确的数据支撑。     

Green extraction of soluble dietary fibre from coffee silverskin: impact of ultrasound/microwave-assisted extraction

Coffee silverskin (CSS), a potential source of soluble dietary fibre (8%–11%), is a major coffee by-product obtained during the coffee roasting process. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) have been considered as efficient and economic novel extraction techniques. In this study, UAE, MAE and simultaneous ultrasound–microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE) techniques were investigated for soluble dietary fibre (SDF) extraction from CSS and compared with conventional solvent extraction (CSE). The highest recovery rate of SDF was accomplished by UMAE (42.7 ± 0.4%), which was 1.5-fold, 1.9-fold and 1.2-fold of the recovery rates achieved by CSE, UAE and MAE, respectively. The extraction time of UMAE was 20 min, which was the same as UAE and MAE, and 4.5-fold less than CSE. It implied that the combination of UAE and MAE could enhance the extraction process by increasing the recovery rate as well as by reducing extraction time as compared with CSE or other individual novel extraction methods applied. Nutritional composition and physicochemical characteristics of the SDF extracts from CSS were also investigated in the study.     

菊芋菊糖的提取和膳食纤维的制备

采用超声波微波协同的方法从菊芋中同时提取菊糖和膳食纤维。结果表明,超声波微波协同比普通溶剂提取所需要的时间更短,提取率更高,最佳提取条件为超声波功率50W,微波功率400W,提取时间60s,料液比1：10（g：mL）。利用扫描电镜对提取前后菊芋粉的形貌进行观察,发现超声波和微波对其细胞壁造成了破坏。菊芋粉提取菊糖后的剩余物含有丰富的多酚类化合物（317mgGAE/100g）,可以作为膳食纤维,而干燥方法显著影响了其特性。     

Optimization of ultrasound-microwave synergistic extraction of prebiotic oligosaccharides from sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.)

In this study, efficient ultrasound–microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE) of prebiotic oligosaccharides from sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) was investigated. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions: extraction time, ultrasonic power, and microwave power. The prebiotic effect of extracted oligosaccharides on Bifidobacterium adolescentis was also investigated. The results show that the processing conditions of UMAE for optimum the yields of prebiotic oligosaccharides from sweet potatoes (PPOS4 and PPOS5) and corresponding absorbance (OD) are 100 s extraction time, 300 W ultrasonic power, and 200 W microwave power. Under these conditions, the experimental yields of PPOS4 and PPOS5 and the corresponding OD were 1.472%, 5.476%, and 2.966, respectively, which match the predicted values well. Compared with the conventional hot-water extraction (HWE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) methods, the UMAE procedure exhibited significantly high extraction efficiency (p < 0.05). Comparison of SEM images of tissues of the sweet potatoes after extractions indicate microfractures and disruption of cell walls in the potato tissues. These results confirm that UMAE has great potential and efficiency in the extraction of bioactive substances in the food and medicinal industries.Industrial relevanceUltrasound–microwave-assisted extraction is a new process technology that combines the ultrasonic and microwave methods. It makes full use of the high-energy effect of microwaves and ultrasonic cavitation. And it overcomes the shortcomings of conventional, ultrasonic, and microwave extractions. Fast, efficient extraction using this method can be realized at low temperature under ambient conditions, enhancing competition of industries to be more ecologic, economic and innovative.     

微波辅助提取杜仲叶总黄酮工艺优化

以杜仲叶粉末为原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定了微波辅助提取杜仲叶总黄酮的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,微波辅助水提取杜仲叶总黄酮工艺最佳参数为料液比1∶25（g∶mL）,微波功率320 W,提取时间2.5 min,提取3次。在此最佳条件下,总黄酮提取率可达8.7%。     

Optimization of various extraction methods for quercetin from onion skin using response surface methodology

Quercertin and typical flavonoids present in onion skin draw interest due to bioactive properties. For utilizing quercetin from onion skin, conventional solvent extraction (CSE), microwave assisted extraction (MAE), and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) were employed. Statistic models of each method were proposed to estimate the best possible yield of quercertin employing response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of several independent variables including concentration of ethanol, provided power or the temperature, and reaction time were investigated. From 1 g sample of dried onion skin, the highest yield of each method could be achieved at 16.5 min of process time under 59.2°C for CSE with 59.3% ethanol, 117 s for MAE with 69.7% ethanol, and 21.7 min for UAE using power of 606.4 W with 43.8% ethanol. The most productive method was MAE, whose maximum yield was 20.3 and 30.8% higher than UAE and CSE, respectively.     

超声波和微波辅助提取苦水玫瑰鲜花和花渣中原花青素的工艺优化及其比较

优化超声波和微波辅助提取苦水玫瑰鲜花和花渣中原花青素的工艺,比较2?种方法的差异。以苦水玫瑰鲜花以及提取精油后的花渣为材料,在超声时间和超声温度、微波时间和微波温度单因素试验筛选的基础上,采用响应面法优化微波或超声波辅助提取原花青素的最佳工艺。单因素试验结果表明,在超声温度60?℃、超声时间20?min条件下,或微波温度60?℃、微波时间40?s条件时,原花青素的提取量最大。结合前期单因素试验的结果,即乙醇体积分数60%、提取温度75?℃、料液比1∶20（g/mL）、提取时间1.5?h,超声波或微波辅助提取鲜花中原花青素提取的最佳工艺条件为超声温度59?℃、超声时间17?min或微波温度61?℃、微波时间44?s,在此条件下,原花青素的提取量分别可达96.94?mg/g和100.81?mg/g。超声波或微波辅助提取花渣中原花青素最佳工艺条件为超声温度60?℃、超声时间20?min或微波温度60?℃、微波时间42?s,在此条件下,原花青素的提取量分别可达57.74?mg/g和58.74?mg/g。综上所述,超声波或微波辅助均可有效提取玫瑰鲜花和花渣中的原花青素,微波辅助提取的得率更高。     

金银花中总黄酮和绿原酸加压同步提取的工艺优化

本文旨在探索加压辅助同步提取金银花中总黄酮和绿原酸的工艺。在单因素的基础上进行正交试验,考察了甲醇浓度、料液比、提取压力、提取时间和提取温度因素对总黄酮和绿原酸得率的影响。结果表明,提取压力对金银花中两类化学成分的提取有显著影响(p<0.05);优化工艺条件为甲醇浓度60%、料液比1:20 (g/mL)、提取压力2 MPa、提取时间30 min、提取温度70 ℃;工艺条件稳定,与超声波辅助提取法相比,提取效率更高。在此试验条件下,总黄酮和绿原酸的得率分别为15.66%和3.89%。本研究为金银花的开发和利用提供了新的理论依据。     

新疆沙棘果渣中黄酮的超声提取及成分分析

目的采用超声波辅助法对沙棘果渣黄酮类化合物提取工艺进行研究。方法对沙棘果渣脱脂后,采用超声波辅助法浸提总黄酮。结果通过单因素及正交试验得出较优化条件为:乙醇浓度为50%,固液比为1:25(g/mL),提取时间为20min,超声功率为0.4kW。在此条件下,测得沙棘果渣提取物中总黄酮含量为6.45mg/g。结论经过超声波处理后所提取的总黄酮含量较常规提取下的明显增高。     

Comparison of microwave,ultrasonic and conventional techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from olive leaves (Olea europaea L.)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different extraction parameters on total phenolic (TP) compounds and antioxidant activity (AA) from olive leaves (Olea europaea L.) using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and maceration. The study also emphasized on the optimization of MAE and UAE conditions, and on the potential benefits of using MAE as a pretreatment to UAE. It was demonstrated that olive leaves were a good source of phenolic compounds with high antioxidant activity. MAE at a higher temperature (86 °C) was more efficient in terms of TP yield, with short extraction time (3 min). MAE performed with water as a solvent was effective in disrupting the olive leaf cells thereby promoting the release of the compounds. Under this condition, the TP yield was increased by 82% when compared to maceration. In addition, it was demonstrated that MAE used as a pretreatment to UAE was more efficient.Industrial relevanceOlive leaves are usually considered as a residue with huge potential for value addition. High added-value compounds can be obtained by recovering phytochemicals from olive leaves for valorization through food products. The extraction of the bioactive compounds requires efficient techniques, but only a few studies show good extraction yields using clean techniques. Microwave-assisted extraction is a method for the extraction of bioactive compounds, which utilizes microwave energy to produce voluminous heating and the reduction of extraction time is one of the most attractive advantages of the system. In addition, the potential benefit of using microwave-assisted extraction as a pretreatment to ultrasound-assisted extraction to improve the recovery of bioactive compounds was reported and can be used as a means of intensifying the extraction process.