中国野生蓝莓总花青素对氯化镉诱导的慢性肝损伤的保护作用

目的:研究中国野生蓝莓总花青素对CdCl₂诱导小鼠慢性肝损伤的保护作用。方法:将50只实验小鼠随机分为以下5组,空白对照组、镉损伤组、蓝莓总花青素低、中和高剂量干预组。除空白对照组外,其他组均以1.0 mg/kg/d剂量的CdCl₂灌胃小鼠建立镉损伤模型,蓝莓总花青素低、中和高剂量干预组分别以10.0、20.0、40.0 mg/kg/day的蓝莓总花青素剂量灌胃模型小鼠,空白对照组以等体积生理盐水代替。饲喂90 d,观察小鼠的生长情况并测定肝脏Cd²⁺含量、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、丙二醛(MDA)含量、谷胱甘肽-S转移酶(GST)含量、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量以及血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)含量。结果:中国野生蓝莓总花青素可极显著降低慢性肝损伤小鼠中Cd²⁺的蓄积以及血清中ALT和AST含量(p<0.01),显著降低肝脏中MDA含量(p<0.05),小鼠肝脏T-AOC、GST含量、GSH含量与镉损伤组相比则显著增加(p<0.05)。结论:中国野生蓝莓总花青素对CdCl₂致慢性肝损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

大豆皂苷对四氯化碳致肝损伤小鼠肝脏氧化应激的干预作用

研究大豆皂苷对四氯化碳(CCl4)所致急性肝损伤小鼠肝脏氧化应激的干预作用。将实验小鼠按体重随机分为5组,即正常对照组、模型对照组、水飞蓟素组(阳性对照组)及大豆皂苷高、低剂量组。每日给药1次,连续7 d。实验末期,除正常对照组外,其余组小鼠腹腔注射CCl4建立急性肝损伤模型,比色法检测血清白蛋白(Alb)含量、血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性以及肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活性及还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果显示,大豆皂苷明显增高CCl4致急性肝损伤小鼠血清Alb水平,降低血清ALT、AST和ALP活性;升高肝组织总SOD、CAT和GPx活性,提高肝GSH水平,降低肝MDA水平;升高肝线粒体Na+-K+-ATPase、Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase和Mn-SOD活性,降低肝线粒体MDA含量。这说明大豆皂苷可降低CCl4致急性肝损伤小鼠肝脏氧化应激,对肝损伤具有保护作用。     

谷氨酰胺对22-28日龄热应激肉鸡骨骼肌氧化损伤的改善作用

本试验旨在研究谷氨酰胺(Gln)对热应激肉鸡骨骼肌抗氧化能力的影响。选用300只22日龄AA肉鸡,随机分为5个处理组:常温对照组和4个热应激组(基础日粮分别添加0%、0.5%、1%和1.5%Gln),试验期为22～28日龄。结果表明:与对照组相比,热应激组肉鸡胸肌和腿肌丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高,胸肌抗超氧阴离子能力、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶(GST)显著降低,腿肌GSH和SOD显著降低(P0.05)。与热应激组相比,日粮添加1.5%Gln显著降低肉鸡胸肌和腿肌MDA含量,胸肌T-AOC、GSH、CAT和GST显著升高,腿肌GSH和SOD含量显著升高(P0.05)。Gln能缓解热应激肉鸡的肌肉氧化损伤,提高肌肉抗氧化能力。     

草苁蓉水萃取物对脂多糖与D-氨基半乳糖所致小鼠肝脏氧化应激和细胞凋亡的影响

研究草苁蓉水萃取物(BRAF)对脂多糖(LPS)与D-氨基半乳糖(GalN)联合诱发的小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。将小鼠按体质量随机分为5组,即正常组、模型组,BRAF高、低剂量组及水飞蓟素(SIL)组(阳性对照组)。每日给药1次,连续7 d。实验末期,除正常组外,其余组小鼠腹腔注射LPS和GalN建立急性肝损伤模型,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色法观察肝组织病理学变化,ELISA法检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),比色法检测血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)以及肝脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)活性及还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)和一氧化氮(NO)含量,电泳法检测小鼠肝细胞DNA损伤情况。结果显示,BRAF明显降低GalN和LPS联合诱导的急性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT、AST活性,减轻肝组织病理损伤,降低血清TNF-α水平,降低肝NO和MDA水平,升高肝组织CAT、GPx、GST活性和GSH水平,并降低肝细胞DNA损伤程度。提示:BRAF对GalN和LPS联合诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与其抗氧化活性和抗肝细胞凋亡作用有关。     

奎宁酸的抗氧化活性和神经保护作用研究

奎宁酸是一种小米来源的类黄酮类物质,为探究奎宁酸的神经保护作用,该研究建立了H₂O₂诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞氧化应激模型,通过MTT法测定奎宁酸对SH-SY5Y细胞活性影响,同时测定了抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)的活性和氧化应激标志分子谷胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)的含量,利用实时荧光定量PCR检测了抗氧化酶和炎症因子表达情况,并用Western blot测定了炎症因子的蛋白表达量。研究结果表明,100μg/mL的奎宁酸处理显著抑制H₂O₂引起的SH-SY5Y细胞存活率下降;对细胞抗氧化指标的检测显示,奎宁酸处理可以增强细胞SOD的活性,增加GSH的水平并降低细胞的MDA水平,提高SOD、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GPx)等抗氧化酶基因的表达水平,降低氧化损伤;另外,奎宁酸还可以降低H₂     

美味牛肝菌(Boletus edulis)对镉(Ⅱ)的生物富集特性研究

本文研究了美味牛肝菌液体发酵对不同浓度镉（Ⅱ）(Cd²⁺,0、16、32、48、64、80 mg/L)的生物富集特性。结果表明,Cd²⁺处理显著抑制了美味牛肝菌菌丝体的生长（p<0.05）,生长抑制率为50%的Cd²⁺浓度为56 mg/L。菌丝体对Cd²⁺的生物富集量可高达3335.7 mg/kg DW,富集系数为52.1（p<0.05）。菌丝体中可溶性总糖和多糖含量随Cd²⁺浓度的升高呈现先上升后下降的趋势,Cd²⁺处理菌丝体中的多糖含量均高于无Cd²⁺组（p<0.05）;菌丝体中可溶性蛋白含量随Cd²⁺浓度的升高先降低后上升,80 mg/L Cd²⁺处理组显著高于无Cd²⁺组（p<0.05）。Cd²⁺处理对菌体过氧化氢酶（CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性呈现显著的\     

蓝莓花青素干预对老龄大鼠肝组织抗氧化功能及凋亡相关基因的影响

本文研究了蓝莓花青素对老龄大鼠肝组织抗氧化功能及凋亡相关基因的影响。实验以SD老龄大鼠为模型,连续灌胃不同剂量的蓝莓提取物30d后采尾血测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、丙二醛(MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和蛋白质羰基含量;取肝脏,显微镜下观察肝组织病理形态学变化,测定肝脏组织中抗氧化和凋亡相关基因表达水平。结果表明,蓝莓提取物干预后能显著降低老龄大鼠机体MDA和蛋白质羰基含量至7.81±1.55nmol/mL和0.92±0.42nmol/(mg prot),SOD活力增加至134.61±12.27U/mL;光镜结果显示蓝莓提取物各组肝脏形态好于老龄对照组。且与老龄对照组比较,蓝莓提取物组老龄大鼠肝脏组织中抗氧化基因表达水平上调(SOD1、GPx1、CAT和Gclm),凋亡基因表达水平下调(Caspase-9和Apaf1)。上述结果表明,蓝莓提取物可改善老龄大鼠机体氧化应激状态,且具有较好的保肝作用,其机制可能与增强抗氧化能力和抑制肝细胞凋亡有关。     

绞股蓝多糖保护力竭运动诱导肝细胞凋亡

为研究绞股蓝多糖(GMP)对力竭运动诱导大鼠肝细胞凋亡的影响。采用大鼠力竭运动模型,将32只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为4组:安静对照组、运动力竭对照组、绞股蓝多糖低剂量组+运动力竭组,绞股蓝多糖高剂量组+运动力竭组;采用免疫组织化学方法检测大鼠肝组织Bax、Bcl-2蛋白的表达,对各组大鼠肝组织Bax/Bcl-2比值与肝组织细胞凋亡情况进行分析;采用以分光光度法检测肝脏主要抗氧化酶活性与丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果发现,绞股蓝多糖后能使力竭运动后大鼠肝组织Bax的表达减弱、Bcl-2的表达增强、Bax/Bcl-2比值降低;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性增加;MDA含量降低。绞股蓝多糖对力竭运动诱导肝组织氧化应激及细胞凋亡具有保护作用。     

大豆异黄酮和皂甙对扑热息痛诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

研究了大豆异黄酮和皂甙对扑热息痛(APAP)诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。将实验小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、大豆异黄酮组、大豆皂甙组及联苯双酯组(阳性对照组)。每日给药1次,连续7 d。实验末期,腹腔注射APAP建立急性肝损伤模型,比色法检测血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、白蛋白(ALB)以及肝脏诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、一氧化氮(NO)、过氧化脂质(LOOH)、丙二醛(MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性。结果表明,大豆异黄酮和皂甙显著降低APAP诱发的急性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT、AST和ALP活性,增高血清ALB水平,降低肝iNOS活性和NO水平,减少肝LOOH和MDA含量,升高肝组织CAT、GPx、SOD活性和GSH水平。提示,大豆异黄酮和皂甙对APAP诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与抗炎和抗氧化作用有关。     

小麦胚芽蛋白酶解物体内抗氧化性评价

研究小麦胚芽蛋白酶解物体内抗氧化作用,为小麦胚芽资源开发利用提供基础。以0.1、0.2、0.4 g/(kg.d)3种剂量小麦胚芽蛋白酶解物分别给低剂量组(0.1 g/kg.d)、中剂量组(0.2 g/kg.d)和高剂量组(0.4 g/kg.d)昆明小鼠经口灌胃,空白对照组以生理盐水灌胃,30 d后全部小鼠颈椎脱臼处死,摘除眼球进行眼眶采血,解剖取肝、脑组织并测定其中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH–Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量。实验结果显示,小麦胚芽蛋白酶解物使小鼠血清、肝脑组织中SOD、GSH–PX、CAT等抗氧化酶活性明显高于正常对照组;而MDA含量明显低于正常对照组,小麦胚芽蛋白酶解物具有显著体内抗氧化活性。     

Hepatoprotective effects of lycopene against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in rats

Lycopene, the major carotenoid in tomatoes, is a known antioxidant that may lower oxidative stress biomarkers by a mechanism that is not fully elucidated. The intoxication of rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) resulted in significant histological hepatic degradation accompanied by a marked increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and in the number of apoptotic cells. The induced oxidative stress in turn results in a significant elevation of lipid peroxidation and H₂O₂ generation, together with a decrease in the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) and a significant reduction in activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S transferase (GST). CCl₄-intoxicated rats, pre-treated with lycopene, showed strongly reduced cell damage and ROS generation. The level of markers for hepatic integrity in lycopene pre-treated rats was close to the controls in the absence of CCl₄ treatment, indicating the protective effect of lycopene pre-treatment. In the same way, lycopene pre-treated rats significantly increased SOD, CAT, GPx, GST activities and GSH level. In addition, we measured an increased lipoxygenase (LOX) activity in CCl₄-intoxicated rats. This activity was reduced in lycopene pre-treated rats to values close to those observed in the controls, suggesting a potential pharmacological application of this dietary carotenoid.     

The effect of selenium on antioxidant system in erythrocytes and liver of the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

The effect of selenium‐supplemented diet (sodium selenate and selenium yeast) on antioxidant in erthrocytes and liver of the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings was studied. With this goal, the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST), as well as glutathione (GSH + GSSG) level, were determined. In the group supplemented with sodium selenate, no significant changes in the activity of the above enzymes were recorded in both the erythrocytes and in the liver, with the exception of GST activity that was significantly reduced in the plasma compared with the controls. Glutathione content was at the control level. In the group supplemented with selenium‐yeast, the activities of GSH‐Px, CAT, and SOD were significantly increased in erythrocytes, whereas GST activity and plasma content of GSH + GSSG were reduced compared with the controls. At the same time, the activities of hepatic SOD and GST were increased compared with the controls. These results demonstrate that organically bound selenium (selenium‐yeast) acts more efficiently on antioxidant system of the carp fingerlings than inorganic selenium salts.     

Alterations in antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative damage in alcoholic rat tissues: Protective role of Thespesia populnea

Recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced hepato-renal injury and the development of new approaches to its treatment have been reported in various works. This study involves alcohol-induced oxidative stress linked to the metabolism of ethanol involving both mitochondrial and peroxisomal fractions of liver and kidney. Alcohol treatment resulted in the depletion of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) activities, and reduced glutathione (GSH) content, higher level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lower levels of protein carbonyls (PC) causing malfunction of hepatic and renal tissues, when compared to control rats. Thespesia populnea (TP) leaf extracts, administered to chronic alcohol ingested rats, were envisaged to possess significant antioxidant defence properties and help in the recovery of tissues from alcohol-induced oxidative damage. The results showed that degenerative changes in hepatic and renal cells of alcoholic groups were minimized by the administration of TP leaf extracts as also revealed by histopathological examination. The current findings indicate that treatment with TP extracts reduces alcohol-induced oxidative stress, thereby protecting the hepatic and renal tissue from alcohol-induced damage.     

Lipid peroxidation,protein oxidant and antioxidant status of muscle,intestine and hepatopancreas for juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) fed graded levels of myo-inositol

Lipid peroxidation, protein oxidant and antioxidant status of muscle, intestine and hepatopancreas in juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) fed graded levels of myo-inositol (MI) (163.5, 232.7, 384.2, 535.8, 687.3, 838.8 and 990.3 mg/kg diet) for 60 days were investigated. Total tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) content showed a downward trend to a point (P < 0.05). Conversely, total tissue anti-hydroxyl radical (AHR), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reducase (GR) activities and glutathione (GSH) content were generally higher in MI-supplemented diets than MI-unsupplemented diet (P < 0.05). Muscle and intestinal superoxide dismutase (SOD), and intestinal anti-superoxide anion (ASA) were increased by MI supplementation (P < 0.05), whereas these parameters in the other tissue showed no alterations (P > 0.05). These results indicated that antioxidant status was improved, and lipid peroxidation and protein oxidant were depressed in muscle, intestine and hepatopancreas by MI.     

韩国产芝麻酱油对AAPH诱发LLC-PK1细胞氧化应激的保护作用

以芝麻酿造酱油乙醇提取物(ethanol extract sesame sauce,SSE)为研究对象,探讨其对1 mmol/L 2,2’-偶氮二异丁基脒二盐酸盐(2,2’-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine)dihydrochloride,AAPH)引发的LLC-PK1猪肾近曲小管上皮细胞氧化应激损伤的保护作用。方法:LLC-PK1细胞与不同质量浓度(10~100μg/m L)的SSE预先共同培养24 h后,用含AAPH的DMEM培养液继续培养4 h建立细胞损伤模型。细胞存活率用四甲基偶氮唑蓝法检测,细胞内丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量和总活性氧簇(reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平分别以硫代巴比妥酸比色法和2’,7’-二氢二氯荧光黄双乙酸钠探针法测定。细胞内过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)、谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶(glutathione S-transferase,GST)、γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶(γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase,γ-GCS)活力和谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)含量按试剂盒说明书以比色法测定。结果表明,SSE预处理可以提高受损细胞存活率,降低细胞内总ROS水平和MDA含量。同时,SSE还能提高受损细胞内抗氧化酶(CAT、SOD、GSH-Px)及γ-GCS活力并提高细胞内GSH含量。实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应分析也提示SSE能上调细胞内抗氧化物酶(CAT、SOD和GSH-Px)的m RNA表达量。此外,SSE可以通过提高细胞内源性抗氧化系统能力来降低细胞内MDA和ROS水平,并由此缓解AAPH对LLC-PK1细胞所造成的氧化应激损伤。     

东北山核桃壳黄酮对小鼠氧化损伤的防御作用

探究东北山核桃壳黄酮（flavonoids from seed shells from Juglans mandshurica,FSSJM）对辐射诱导 氧化损伤的防御作用。采用X射线制造氧化损伤模型,照射前,不同处理组小鼠分别灌胃FSSJM 100、200、 400 mg/（kg·d）,以盐酸小檗胺为阳性对照,灌胃56 mg/（kg·d）,连续灌胃14 d,采用分光光度法测定照射 24 h后小鼠的血清和肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）、过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）活力及丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）和还原型谷胱甘肽 （glutathione,GSH）含量;并对照射14 d后小鼠的肝脏组织进行形态学观察,采用免疫组化法分析肝脏和脾脏Bax 和Bcl-2蛋白表达的变化。结果表明：FSSJM能增强小鼠血清和肝脏中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT的活力,减少MDA含 量,增加GSH含量;能一定程度修复受损伤的肝脏组织,并下调Bax蛋白表达,上调Bcl-2蛋白表达。表明FSSJM对 辐射诱导的氧化损伤具有一定的防御作用。     

桦木酸对T-2毒素诱导小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨桦木酸(betulinic acid,BA)对T-2毒素致小鼠肝脏损伤的保护作用及其分子机制.方法:选取60只成年雄性昆明小鼠随机分为6组,分别为空白对照组、4?mg/kg?mb?T-2毒素组、0.25?mg/kg?mb?BA+T-2组、0.5?mg/kg?mb?BA+T-2组、1?mg/kg?mb?BA+T...     

Effect of free or protein-associated soy isoflavones on the antioxidant status in rats

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic ingestion of free and protein‐associated soy isoflavones on the antioxidant status in male Wistar rats. Free isoflavone (iso), protein‐associated soy isoflavone (iso + prot) and soy protein (prot) extracts were administered for 30 days by gavage to the rats at a dosage of 1 mg aglycone isoflavones per 200 g body weight, adjusted daily, and the prot group was given the same concentration of soy protein received by the iso + prot group. Antioxidant capacity of plasma, thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substance (TBARS) and glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in plasma, erythrocytes and tissues and gene expression levels in liver and kidney were evaluated. RESULTS: Chronic ingestion of free but not of protein‐associated soy isoflavones nor of solely soy protein increased plasma antioxidant capacity and GPx activity in erythrocytes. Soy protein increased CAT activity and gene expression in liver. SOD activity in erythrocytes was increased by all treatments. CONCLUSION: The overall results confirm that dietary soy isoflavones have a positive effect on antioxidant status, enhancing antioxidant capacity of plasma and antioxidant enzymes in various tissues, but the effects are dependent on the form of administration and on a complex mechanism of antioxidant status balance on the organism. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry