德尔卑沙门氏菌血清型分子检测靶点筛选及多重PCR检测方法的建立

利用比较基因组技术筛选到德尔卑沙门氏菌(Salmonella Derby, SD)的血清型特异性基因,以此为靶点设计引物与139-141引物共同构建多重PCR检测体系,对其特异性、菌落灵敏度、抗干扰能力及人工污染等方面进行评价。当扩增出171、284和512 bp电泳条带时,检测结果为阳性。通过该方法检测39株沙门氏菌和18株非沙门氏菌,表现出100%特异性,该检测体系的DNA灵敏度为383.2 pg/μL,菌落灵敏度为52 CFU/mL。当SD与自然(猪肉、鸡肉和牛肉)的背景菌群浓度比为1∶10~4时,该检测体系能获得清晰、准确的3条扩增条带。在人工污染的猪肉、鸡肉和牛肉样品的检测中,增菌10 h,检测灵敏度为3.8 CFU/25g。该检测方法准确灵敏的检测SD,可在食品安全领域得到广泛应用。     

3种血清型沙门氏菌多重PCR检测方法的建立

目的建立多重聚合酶链式反应(multiplex polymerase chain reaction,mPCR)法检测3种常见血清型沙门氏菌的分析方法。方法以肠炎沙门氏菌Hat基因、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌Stm-4495基因、乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌sdfI基因设计合成特异性引物,提取沙门氏菌基因组DNA为扩增模板,验证引物特异性,优化多重PCR退火温度及引物浓度,检测方法特异性及检出限,并利用该方法对人工污染冷鲜鸡肉进行检测。结果 3对引物特异性强且无交叉影响;25μL多重反应体系中,引物STM、HAT、SDF最佳终浓度分别为:0.5、0.5、0.4μmol/L,最佳退火温度为60℃;11株阴性对照菌无目标条带检出,方法特异性良好,以3种血清型沙门氏菌纯培养物DNA混合物为模板,检出限低至DNA质量浓度1 pg/μL;人工污染鸡肉经过12 h增菌,能同时检测出3种血清型沙门氏菌的检测限为:肠炎沙门氏菌(4.0±1.0) CFU/g、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(8.0±0.9) CFU/g、乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌(8.0±0.6) CFU/g。结论本方法特异性强、检测限低,对食品中3种常见血清型沙门氏菌快速检测具有重要意义。     

可视化跨越式滚环等温扩增技术检测食品中沙门氏菌

建立一种新型的核酸体外等温扩增方法--可视化跨越式滚环等温扩增技术(SRCA)检测沙门氏菌。根据沙门氏菌stn基因序列设计引物,进行特异性验证。测定该技术的灵敏度以及人工污染鸡肉样品的检出限。通过检测多种实际食品样品,评价SRCA方法的敏感性、特异性和符合率。研究结果表明:所有沙门氏菌呈阳性结果,非沙门氏菌呈阴性结果,说明引物特异性良好。SRCA方法检测沙门氏菌DNA的灵敏度为5.6×10~0fg/μL,检出限为3.8×10~1CFU/mL;PCR方法的灵敏度为5.6×10~2fg/μL,检出限为3.8×10~3CFU/mL。该方法检测30个实际样品的检出率为13.33%,并与GB 4789.4-2016方法进行比较,其敏感性、特异性和符合率分别为100%,96.30%和96.67%。结论:可视化跨越式滚环等温扩增技术具有操作简便,特异性强,灵敏度高,检出限低,检测成本低,对试验设备要求低等优点,适用于基层单位对食品中沙门氏菌的快速检测。     

4种食源性致病菌的多重PCR快速检测方法研究

为快速检测蜡样芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、志贺氏菌和沙门氏菌4种食源性致病菌,建立4重聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)的检测方法。针对菌株的特异性基因设计引物,选择退火温度相近,扩增条带区间不同的引物为多重聚合酶链式反应引物组,并对多重PCR的引物浓度、退火温度进行优化,确定扩增条件。结果表明,在54℃的退火温度下,4种菌可扩增长度为246、166、65、107 bp的清晰片段,其检测灵敏度为蜡样芽孢杆菌2×101CFU/mL,金黄色葡萄球菌可达1.3×102 CFU/mL,志贺氏菌可达1.3×102 CFU/mL,沙门氏菌可达1.4×102 CFU/mL。     

实时荧光PCR检测食品中丙型副伤寒沙门氏菌和猪霍乱沙门氏菌

建立实时荧光PCR检测丙型副伤寒沙门氏菌(S.Paratyphi C/Salmonella paratyphi C)和猪霍乱沙门氏菌(S.Choleraesuis/Salmonella Choleraesuis)的方法。根据GenBank公布的丙型副伤寒沙门菌和猪霍乱沙门氏菌序列,分别设计引物和Taqman探针,使用168株不同血清型的沙门氏菌和21株变形杆菌等非沙门氏菌进行实时荧光PCR检测的特异性试验,可以实现特异性检测丙型副伤寒沙门氏菌,并且可以同时检测丙型副伤寒沙门氏菌和猪霍乱沙门氏菌。经模拟污染样品检测,灵敏度可达到2～5 cfu/mL的添加浓度。该方法可以快速检测食品中丙型副伤寒沙门菌和猪霍乱沙门氏菌。     

多重聚合酶链式反应技术检测罗非鱼5种常见食源性致病菌

目的 建立一种可同时检测无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)、嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)、霍乱弧菌(Vibrio cholerae)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和沙门菌(Salmonella) 5种罗非鱼常见食源性致病菌的多重聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)方法。方法 根据5种致病菌特异性基因片段设计并合成引物,优化多重PCR体系条件,并对多重PCR体系的特异性、灵敏度以及人工模拟样品进行检测。结果 建立的多重PCR方法可同时扩增5种目的菌株的特异性条带,且不与非靶标细菌发生交叉反应。敏感性实验结果显示,该方法对无乳链球菌、嗜水气单胞菌、沙门菌、霍乱弧菌、大肠杆菌纯培养物基因组DNA的检出限均为0.4 ng/μL。人工模拟样品检测结果显示,该方法可以快速且准确地检测上述5种食源性致病菌,且检出限可达到2×10¹ CFU/g。结论 本研究建立了一种可同时检测无乳链球菌、嗜水气单胞菌、霍乱弧菌、大肠杆菌和沙门菌5种罗非鱼常见食源性致病菌的多重PCR检测...     

肉中4种致病菌的PCR快速检测方法的建立

目的:建立一种能同时检测肉中金黄色葡萄球菌、志贺氏菌、沙门氏菌和单核增生李斯特菌的多重PCR检测方法。方法:根据金黄色葡萄球菌的耐热核酸酶基因(nuc)、沙门氏菌的侵袭蛋白基因(invA)、志贺氏菌的侵袭性质粒抗原基因(ipaH)和单核细胞增生性李斯特菌的内化素基因(inlA)设计引物,通过优化好的反应体系进行多重聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增目的基因。结果:特异性实验结果表明4种菌均能在相应位置扩增出特异性条带。对污染4种菌的猪肉进行检测,确定出金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌的检出限是102CFU/mL,志贺氏菌和单核增生李斯特菌的检出限是101CFU/mL。结论:本实验建立的多重PCR方法比传统细菌检测方法更特异、快速、灵敏,适用于肉中金黄色葡萄球菌、志贺氏菌、沙门菌和单核增生李斯特菌的快速检测。     

S．Heidelberg血清型特异性基因筛选及PCR检测方法的建立与应用

海德尔堡沙门氏菌(Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg,SH)是沙门氏菌属内重要的致病性血清型。通过对SH基因组序列进行BLAST比对和PCR验证,筛选出了4个SH血清型特异性基因(SeHA_C2639、SeHA_C2640、SeHA_C3259和SeHA_C3258)。以SeHA_C3258作为靶点设计引物pHAm8(350bp)和沙门氏菌属特异性引物139-141(284bp),建立SH的PCR检测方法,并对其应用效果进行评价。结果表明,经55株不同血清型的沙门氏菌和其他常见食源性致病菌证明,该检测体系具有较好的特异性,纯菌菌落灵敏度为6.1×10~2 CFU/mL。以浓度为N×10~5~N×10~1 CFU/mL的大肠杆菌或鼠伤寒沙门氏菌为干扰菌时,该体系对10~2 CFU/mL的SH检测结果无影响。人工污染SH的牛奶样品,经8h培养,检测限达1.52CFU/mL。该检测方法能快速、准确检测出食品中的SH,有利于在食品安全领域中的应用。     

双重PCR检测生鲜猪肉中大肠杆菌O157∶H7和沙门菌方法的建立与应用

目的建立生鲜猪肉中大肠杆菌和沙门菌的双重PCR检测方法,并初步调查生鲜猪肉中大肠杆菌和沙门菌的污染情况。方法以大肠杆菌O157∶H7 rfb E基因和沙门菌inv A基因为靶基因设计引物。通过对单个基因PCR和多重基因PCR扩增进行特异性、敏感性试验以及优化反应体系,建立快速检测大肠杆菌和沙门菌的双重PCR法。在郑州市不同地区的综合性超市、冷鲜肉专卖店和农贸市场随机抽检144份生鲜猪肉样品,分别进行了PCR检测和常规微生物学检验。结果建立的双重PCR方法特异性好,抗干扰能力强,灵敏度可达到10 pg/μl。在144份样品中检测出大肠杆菌的样品数为10份,检出率为6.94%;检出沙门菌的样品数为13份,检出率为9.03%;大肠杆菌和沙门菌同时检出的有2份,占总样品的1.39%。结论初步建立了同步、简便、快速、灵敏地检测生鲜猪肉中大肠杆菌、沙门菌的双重PCR方法;生鲜猪肉中存在致病菌的污染问题,将威胁到食品安全和人体健康,不容忽视。     

十种食源性致病菌的多重PCR快速检测方法

为建立能够同时检测食品中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、沙门氏菌属、克罗诺杆菌属、志贺氏菌属、金黄色葡萄球菌、副溶血性弧菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7、铜绿假单胞菌、粪链球菌、产气荚膜梭菌等10种食源性致病菌的多重PCR方法,通过特异性引物的设计、引物特异性验证、引物灵敏度验证和多重PCR检测体系主要反应条件优化,建立多重PCR检测体系,并对其特异性、灵敏度以及人工感染样品应用进行评价。结果表明,建立的多重PCR检测体系可以扩增出10种食源性致病菌的特异目标条带,无非特异扩增。测序结果与目的基因序列进行比对,其序列同源性高达98%,体系灵敏度可达10^-1 ng/μL。人工污染样品应用结果表明,采用多重PCR方法简单快速,仅需简单增菌,检出限可达10 CFU/mL,整个检测时间在48 h以内。建立的多重PCR检测体系特异性强、灵敏度较高,与检验机构实际检测工作联系紧密,具有推广应用价值。     

Sequencing of an internal transcribed spacer region of 16S-23S rRNA gene and designing of PCR primers for the detection of Salmonella spp. in food

DNA sequences of an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region for 40 Salmonella serovars were determined and compared with ITS sequences of Salmonella spp., and non-Salmonella spp. already available on the GenBank database. From such comparison, two Salmonella-specific ITS based PCR primers, ITSF and ITSR, were designed. When Salmonella strains with various serotypes were PCR assayed with primers ITSF/ITSR, all generated PCR products with molecular weight bands equal to 312 bp. On the other hand, 48 non-Salmonella isolates, including strains of Enterobacteriaceae and other food pathogens generated negative results. Detection limits of this PCR method was 1-9 CFU per assay. These PCR primers were used for the detection of Salmonella cells in artificially contaminated foods, including chicken meat and whole milk. The detection limit was 1-9 x 10(3) CFU per assay. With an 8-h enrichment step performed prior to the PCR assay, however, the detection limit became 1-9 CFU per gram of the food sample.     

多重PCR检测婴幼儿配方奶粉中3种食源性致病菌

为建立一种能够同时检测婴幼儿配方奶粉(Powdered Infant Formula,PIF)中克罗诺杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌3种食源性致病菌的多重PCR检测方法。通过单重PCR验证了9对引物的特异性,筛选出其中3对特异性好的引物建立了多重PCR体系,对其特异性和灵敏度进行评价,并将其应用于人工污染PIF中3种食源性致病菌的检测。结果表明,针对克罗诺杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌等3种食源性致病菌所筛选的3对引物分别能扩增出469、638和796 bp的目的条带,具有高度特异性。多重PCR检测体系的最佳退火温度为55℃,最佳Mg2+浓度为2.00 mmol/L,最佳引物浓度为400 nmol/L。在此条件下3种目的菌在102 CFU/mL均可同时扩增出较清晰条带。将建立的多重PCR检测体系应用于人工污染PIF中3种食源性致病菌的检测,其检出限达到103 CFU/g。本研究初步建立了一种能准确、快速、特异性的检测PIF中克罗诺杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的多重PCR方法,适用于PIF中3种常见的食源性致病菌的快速检测。     

沙门氏菌重组酶聚合酶检测方法的建立及应用

摘 要：建立一种重组酶聚合酶扩增技术（recombinase polymerase amplification,RPA）检测沙门氏菌（Salmonella）的方法。本研究依据沙门氏菌侵袭蛋白A基因（invA）的保守序列设计特异性引物,通过对反应时间的优化,建立的RPA方法在38?℃水浴锅中恒温反应20?min,即可实现对目的片段的有效扩增;除沙门氏菌外,其他26?种食源性致病菌均无扩增,具有良好的特异性;以沙门氏菌基因组DNA作为模板,该方法的检测灵敏度为1.1×10－3?ng/μL,与本研究应用的实时荧光聚合酶链式反应（real-time polymerase chain reaction,PCR）方法一致;人工污染实验表明,当羊肉、鸡肉和西兰花样品污染量为4?CFU/25?g,增菌8?h,即可通过RPA方法检出沙门氏菌。在人工污染实验中,RPA和PCR检测结果一致。本研究建立的沙门氏菌的RPA检测方法特异性强、操作简单、为食源性致病菌的鉴定提供了一种新的方向。     

Development of PCR primers for the detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis based on the fliC gene

Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis may cause swine salmonellosis and human infection. Because the conventional method for detection of this Salmonella serovar may take 3 to 5 days, a PCR method for detection was evaluated. By comparing the sequence of the phase 1 flagellin (fliC) gene of Salmonella Choleraesuis with that of other Salmonella serovars and of other bacteria species available in GenBank, two PCR primers (flinC-F and flinC-R) were designed. Using these primers, all 97 Salmonella Choleraesuis strains assayed generated the expected PCR product, with a molecular mass of 963 bp. Except for S. enterica Paratyphi C, Salmonella isolates other than Salmonella Choleraesuis and non-Salmonella isolates, including strains of Enterobacteriaceae, all generated negative PCR results. Salmonella Paratyphi C could be differentiated from Salmonella Choleraesuis through the use of primers designed from the viaB gene. When Salmonella Choleraesuis isolates from swine stool, pork, liver, feed, and human whole blood samples were assayed with a preenrichment step, as low as 1 CFU/g or ml of the original sample could be detected.     

PCR amplification of the Salmonella typhimurium fimY gene sequence to detect the Salmonella species

This study evaluated the suitability of fimY gene amplification by PCR as an effective means of detecting Salmonella species. Although fimY gene of Salmonella typhimurium is involved in regulating type 1 fimbrial expression, the amino acid sequence of FimY shares very little homology with other known prokaryotic proteins in the GenBank database. Therefore, fimY is a promising target gene to detect the presence of Salmonella species. Herein, two primers internal to the fimY gene of S. typhimurium are used to investigate the distribution of the fimY homologous sequence among 45 Salmonella serovars and 20 non-Salmonella species by using PCR. Experimental results indicated that only Salmonella species possessed the fimY homologous sequence, subsequently generating the specific 526-bp DNA fragments. The sensitivity of the fmY-specific primer set was demonstrated on a Salmonella-free swab sample from a pork carcass surface, which was then artificially contaminated with different concentrations of S. typhimurium. A combining of pre-enrichment step in buffered peptone water and PCR amplification of fimY allowed the detection of S. typhimurium at the concentration of 3.4 x 10(0) CFU/ml from the swab sample. With an additional enrichment step in Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV) broth, this procedure can also detect pork carcass surface naturally contaminated with Salmonella species in a slaughterhouse. Results in this study demonstrate that fimY is unique to Salmonella species and is an appropriate PCR target for detecting these microorganisms.     

速冻食品中沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌多重PCR检测方法的建立与应用

为实现速冻食品中沙门氏菌(Salmonella spp.)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)的多重聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测,首先优化多重PCR扩增的反应条件,比较基因组DNA提取方法,结果表明：退火温度采用60℃、各引物浓度200nmol/L及扩增循环35次,本多重PCR检测技术可以有效地将沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌同时检出,检测特异性为100%。3种DNA提取方法中试剂盒法纯度最高,检出限分别是31、26DNA copies/reaction。经过在人工污染致病菌的速冻水饺中应用试验后,该多重PCR方法经过4h的增菌培养即可从速冻水饺中同时检测出起始菌落数低至100CFU/g的沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。     

多重PCR检测4种常见食源性致病菌

目的 建立一种多重聚合酶链式反应法(multiplex polymerase chain reaction, MPCR)快速检测肉制品中金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌和单增李斯特氏菌的分析方法。方法 选取金黄色葡萄球菌nuc基因、沙门氏菌SipB基因、志贺氏菌ipaH基因、单增李斯特菌inlA基因作为目标基因, 设计4对PCR引物, 建立并优化多重PCR反应体系, 评价该体系的特异性和灵敏度, 并对人工污染的熟肉样品进行检测。结果 构建的多重PCR方法特异性强、灵敏度高, 人工污染熟肉匀浆中4种致病菌的检出限为103 CFU/mL。结论 构建的多重PCR检测方法能够快速、准确、高效地检测肉制品中金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌和单增李斯特氏菌, 为食源性疾病菌的快速检测提供参考依据。     

Evaluation of TaqMan PCR assay for detecting Salmonella in raw meat and shrimp.

We evaluated the TaqMan Salmonella amplification/detection kit from PE Applied Biosystems, which uses a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for rapid detection of Salmonella in food samples. This system uses the 5' nuclease activity of Taq DNA polymerase, which digests an internal fluorogenic probe to monitor the amplification of the target gene. The system's sensitivity and specificity were evaluated using 42 serotypes of 68 Salmonella strains isolated from fecal samples from patients in Tokyo, Japan, and 39 non-Salmonella strains in 22 genera. There were no false-negative or false-positive results. This PCR assay can detect 3 CFU per PCR tube of Salmonella in pure culture (120 CFU/ml of TSB culture). PCR signals were attenuated with artificially contaminated shrimp, but a similar detection limit was obtained. TaqMan's performance was tested with 100 meat and chicken samples purchased from stores in Tokyo. Overall, two of the DNA extraction protocols (the Chelex and EnviroAmp methods) worked equally well, with some exceptions. Of the 100 samples analyzed, 10 were positive for Salmonella with both conventional culture methods and the kit and 89 were negative with both. One sample was negative by the culture method but positive by the kit assay. These results indicate that TaqMan is a reliable and rapid method for Salmonella analysis in the food industry. With this system, food samples can be analyzed for Salmonella in less than 20 h.     

实时荧光环介导等温扩增技术检测猪肉中的假单胞菌

根据假单胞菌16S rDNA基因序列设计引物,并向反应体系中加入饱和型核酸染料Eva Green,利用实时荧光检测仪,建立假单胞菌属实时荧光环介导等温扩增技术(LAMP)。研究中对62株假单胞菌的16S rDNA基因通过DNAMAN软件进行序列比对后,针对共有片段设计扩增引物。对扩增体系进行了优化,优化结果经电泳鉴定。通过12株假单胞菌和23株非假单胞菌进行特异性验证,并比较了实时荧光LAMP与普通LAMP的灵敏度,对人工污染样品的检出限进行了测定。结果表明,特异性验证中12株假单胞菌为阳性,23株非假单胞菌为阴性。实时荧光LAMP检测纯菌的灵敏度为36 CFU/mL,是普通LAMP灵敏度的10倍。人工污染样品的检出限为1.73×10~3 CFU/g。本研究中建立了一种检测冷鲜猪肉中假单胞菌属的方法,实现了多个菌种的同时检测,避免了单一菌种检测的局限性,该方法快速、准确、灵敏度高,可在2 h内完成冷鲜猪肉中假单胞菌的检测。     

动物性食品源空肠弯曲杆菌二重PCR检测方法的建立及应用

根据GenBank空肠弯曲杆菌(Campylobacter jejuni,Cj)的16S rDNA及hipO(编码马尿酸酶基因)序列设计两对特异引物,建立检测动物性食品源Cj的二重PCR方法,并应用于样品检测。结果显示只对Cj能特异的扩增出699bp和366bp两个基因片段,而大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌等其他11种细菌均未扩增出条带;Cj标准株ATCC33560的16S rDNA及hipO序列与GenBank其他Cj的相应序列具高度相似性(分别为99.7%~99.9%,98.1%~99.7%);该方法可在27h内完成,其灵敏度为2.4~16 CFU/mL;四川省雅安市鸡肉、猪肉、牛肉和牛奶样品中的Cj阳性率分别为38.0%(19/50)、28.3%(15/53)、17.1%(6/35)和8.6%(4/46)。